Term
| Sedative/Hypnotic Drugs- produce what effect and characterized by what? |
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Definition
produce a NONSELECTIVE depression of the CNS which is characterized by:
low doses - 1) drowsiness 2)slowing of reaction timse
high doses- 1) loss of consciousness and sleep
highest doses- 1) surgical anesthesia 2)coma 3) respiratory arrest |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what is seconal's dental application |
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Definition
| 1)night before appointment sedative to provide good rest- used with middle aged patients- puberty to 65 |
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Term
| barbituates mechanism of action |
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Definition
binds to specific receptors that enhance the affinity of GABA for GABA receptors and open Cl- channels
this prolongs the time the Cl- channels stay open
at high doses can act without GABA binding and open Cl- channels
inihibits glutamate AMPA receptors (these are excitatory NT) |
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Term
| pharmacodynamics of barbituates |
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Definition
1)has low degree of selectivity and a low therapeutic index compared to benzodiazipines
2)pharmacokinetics (increase in metabolism) and pharmacodynamics( decrease in receptor sensitivty) tolerances develop |
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Term
| how do the kinetic tolerance and dynamic tolerance differ with barbiutates? |
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Definition
| kinetic tolerance peaks in a few days, dynamic tolerance climbs for weeks |
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Term
| barbitol contraindications |
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Definition
1) patients in pain- can cause hyperalgesia
2)acute intermittant porphyria or variegate porphyria - can trigger attacks |
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Term
| barbitol bad side effects |
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Definition
paradoxical excitement
2)stomatitis medicamentosa |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| antihistamine- also used for schizos |
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Term
| hydroxyzine (atarax, vistaril) |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the dental application of antihistamines? |
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Definition
1) sedation
2) antiemetic
3)allergies |
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Term
| what is the mechanism of action of antihistamines? |
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Definition
| thought to be related to their abilities to inhibit alpha 1 adregergic, muscarinic, and seratonergic receptors in the CNS |
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Term
| who are antihistamines as sedatives primarily used for? |
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Definition
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Term
| antihistamine antiemetic mechanism of action |
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Definition
| inhibition of activity of the chemoreceptive trigger zone (CTZ) antimuscarinic actions |
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Term
| what are antihistamine antiemetics generally used before? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| antihistamine used for minor drug induced allergic reactions |
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Term
| chlorpheniramine (chlorotab) |
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Definition
| antihistamine used for minor drug induced allergic reactions |
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Term
| contraindications of antihistamines |
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Definition
1)breastfeeding- hyperexcitability and seizure in infant
2)history of SIDS- can cause respiratory depression in children
3)narrow angle glaucoma
4)patients with COPD - can thicken bronchial secretions |
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Term
| antihistamines bad side effects |
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Definition
paradoxical excitements
cardiac effects- those patients with cardiac problems |
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Term
| which antihistamine seems to cause fewer untoward effects than the other |
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Definition
| hydroxyzine seems to produce less than promethazine |
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Term
| chloral hydrate (notec) dental application |
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Definition
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Term
| chloral hydrate (noctec) mechanism of action |
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Definition
| is it rapidly reduced by alcohol dehydrogenase to trichloroethanol, which exerts barbiturate-like effects on GABA receptor channels |
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Term
| chloral hydrate contraindications |
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Definition
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Term
| chloral hydrate untoward effects |
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Definition
gastric irritation - nausea and vomiting
dependence
carcinogenicity- a number of its metabolites are known carcinogens |
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Term
| what DEA schedule is chloral hydrate? |
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Definition
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Term
| what drugs (all of them) are contraindicated for narrow angle glaucoma patients? |
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Definition
| diazepam, cholinergic blocking agents |
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