Term
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Definition
-First line therapy for HTN
-MoA:Inhibit renal ion transporters and increase excretion of sodium and water.
-S.E:Fluid/Electrolyte depletion, Hypernatremia, Hypokalemia, Weakness & fatigue. |
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Term
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Definition
-Most commonly used diuretic for HTN
-Decrease peripheral vascular resistance by relaxing arteriolar smooth muscle. |
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Term
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Definition
-Highly effective diuretic (loss of urine)
-Used primarily for Heart Failure, mildly effective for HTN control.
-S.E:Hypovolemia |
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Term
| Potassium-Sparing Diuretic |
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Definition
-Weak diuretic used to treat HTN
-Used in combination with other diuretics to prevent hypokalemia(K+) |
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Term
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Definition
-First line agent against HTN
-Decrease heart contractility,rate, and renin release from the kidneys.
-S.E:Bradycardia, Ortho Hypo, Rebound HTN. |
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Term
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Definition
-Antagonist at alpha-1 receptors on vascular smooth muscles.
-Leads to vasodilation & decreased peripheral resistance.
-S.E:Ortho Hypo, Reflex Tachycardia. |
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Term
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Definition
-Decrease centrally mediated sympathtic discharge to decrease HTN by promoting vasodilation.
-Does NOT decrease renal blood flow
-S.E:Dry Mouth,Sedation, rebound HTN. |
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Term
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Definition
-Direct-acting smooth muscle relaxants, vasodilation of peripheral blood vessels.
-Used for HTN crisis nad resistant HTN.
-S.E:Reflex tachycardia, dizziness, postural hypotension. |
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Term
| Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors(ACE) |
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Definition
-Block the conversion of angiotensin I into angiotensin II.
-Results in vasodilation & decreased Na+ & H20 reabsorption.
-No reflex increase in Cardiac Output
-S.E:Persistent dry cough, Angioedema. |
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Term
| Angiotensin Receptor Blocker(ARB) |
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Definition
-Block the receptor that binds angiotensin II
-Leads to Vasodilation and blocks secretion of Aldosterone.
-S.E:Lower risk of Angioedema & Cough than ACE inhibitors. |
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Term
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Definition
-Block calcium entry into vascular smoooth muscle cells.
-Vasodilation, decreased heart rate & contractility.
-Nondihydropyridines effect BOTH smooth & cardiac muscle.
-S.E:Edema in feet/ankles, Ortho Hypo, reflex tachycardia. |
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Term
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Definition
-Inhibits HMG-CoA Reductase, decreases cholesterol production in the liver.
-Most effective in decreasing LDL lvls.
-Absolute contraindicaiton is liver disease
-S.E:Myopathy, Increased liver enzymes. |
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Term
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Definition
-Increase the bile production in the Liver, leads to increased elimination of cholesterol.
-S.E:GI distress/constipation, Diarrhea. |
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Term
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Definition
-B vitamin that inhibits free fatty acid mobilization.
-Increases HDL, reduces LDL & Triglyc.
-S.E:Skin flushing, G.I. Distress |
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Term
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Definition
-Increase activity of lipoprotein lipase enzyme in adipocytes.
-Enhances elimination of Triglycerides
-S.E:Myopathy, G.I. distress, gallstones. |
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Term
| Cholesterol Absorpition Inhibitors |
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Definition
-Inhibits intestinal absorption of dietary and biliary cholesterol in the small intestine.
-S.E:Diarrhea, joint pain. |
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Term
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Definition
-Converted to nitric oxide within vascular smooth muscle
-Dilate vascular smooth muscle.
-Decreases both preload(venous) & afterload(arterial) |
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Term
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Definition
-Inhibits active NA/K+ exchange, leads to an increase in Ca+ concnetration.
-Enhances heart contractility, increases CO & Circulation.
-S.E:Digitalis toxicity, low T.I. & cardiac arrhythmias. |
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Term
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Definition
-Binds to clotting factors and inactivated them; Factor X.
-Anticoagulation for initial treatment of deep vein thrombosis, pumonary embolism, & MI.
-For Acute treatment, administered parenterally.
-S.E:Hemorrhage, allergic reaction. |
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Term
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Definition
-Impairs the hepatic synthe3sis of vitamin K dependent clotting factors
-Oral Anticoagulant
-Takes several days to elicit effect.
-S.E:Hemorrhage. |
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Term
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Definition
-Prevent clot formation in the arterial system, inhibit platelet function.
-Aspirin, used for MI & Stroke prevention
-S.E:Increased bleeding risk |
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Term
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Definition
-Breakdown established clots and restore blood flow.
-Most often given acutley after MI or stroke
-S.E: Hemorrhage & Allergic reaction. |
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Term
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Definition
-Blockers of: Na+, K+, Ca+ & Beta Blockers.
-S.E:Increased risk of arrhythmias (proarrythmic effect) |
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Term
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Definition
-H1 receptor blockers, block the effects of histamine release.
-Decrease nasal congestion, inflammation & mucous secretion.
-S.E:Sedation, fatigue, incoordination |
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Term
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Definition
-Alpha1 Agonist, leads to vasoconstriction and dries the mucous membrane.
-Treats the vasodilation & mucous discharge associated with allergy response.
-S.E:Headache,Tachycardia,Increased BP |
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Term
| Nasally Inhaled Glucocorticoids |
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Definition
-Block several pathways in immune & inflammatory pathways, particularly leukotriene response.
-Most effective therapy against Allergic Rhinitits.
-S.E:Nasal Irritation |
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Term
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Definition
-Suppress centrally-mediated cough reflex
-S.E:Sedation, dizziness |
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Term
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Definition
-Stimulation increases cAMP, which decreases calcium lvls. and inhibits smooth muscle contraction = Bronchodilation
-Symptomatic treatment for Acute episodes.
-S.E:Arrythmias, Nervousness, Tremor |
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Term
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Definition
-Block parasympathetic muscarinic receptors = Bronchodilation
-S.E:Dry mouth, constipation, Urinary retention etc... |
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Term
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Definition
-Increases cAMP,Decreases intracellular calcium which leads to smooth muscle relaxation = Bronchodilation
-S.E:Arrhthmias, Seizures, Low T.I. |
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Term
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Definition
-Control inflammatory-mediated bronchorestriction.
-Inhibit the production of chemical mediators & the migration of WBC.\
-S.E:Muscle Wasting, Weight gain & Osteoporosis |
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Term
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Definition
-Block the Leukotriene receptor
-Reduce the respiratory inflammatory response in asthma & COPD.
-S.E:Hepatic toxicity & possible Suicidal behaviors |
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Term
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Definition
-Not bronchodialtors, but can prevent bronchospasm by reducing the inflammatory response.
-Inhaled prior to triggering event & inhibit the release of inflammatory mediators.
-S.E:Irriation of nasal mucosa |
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Term
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Definition
-Neurtalize stomach acid
-Relieves symptoms of excessive acid secretion (heartburn)
-S.E:Constipation & Diarrhea |
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Term
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Definition
-Prevent histamine activated release of gastric acid.
-Acute & Long-term managment of heartburn, GERD, & Peptic Ulcers
-S.E:Headache, Nausea, Diarrhea. |
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Term
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Definition
-Shuts down H+/K+ pump in gastric parietal cells.
-Significantly decrease gastric acid secretion.
-Used for long-term treatment of peptic ulcers and GERD.
-S.E:Increased fracture risk |
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