Term
| Two terms for rapid, uncontrolled cell growth and function loss |
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Definition
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Term
| Cancer travels to a another location in the body systemically |
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Definition
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Term
How is chemo transported through the body?
Some of them can cross ___ ___ and some can go directly to ___ ___ |
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Definition
Blood
Blood-brain barrier
Body cavities |
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Term
| What is adjuvant therapy? |
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Definition
| When chemo is done before or after surgery and radation |
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Term
Chemo disrupts what?
More specifically...? |
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Definition
The cell cycle
Replicating cells (mitosis) |
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Term
| Chemo works best with ___ dividing cells |
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Definition
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Term
| This determines chemo success and measures how many body cells are dividing (Ratio of replicating to resting cells) |
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Definition
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Term
| What does it mean if the growth fraction is 'high'? |
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Definition
| There are many replicating cells- good! |
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Term
| Why are solid tumors less sensitive to chemo? |
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Definition
| They have a low growth fraction |
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Term
| Chemo is most effective with ___ and ___ because the GF is high. |
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Definition
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Term
| Why do chemo patients have bone marrow suppression, nausea, and alopecia? |
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Definition
| Bone marrow, GI tissue, and hair follicles have a high GF |
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Term
| Why would you use multiple chemo drugs for the same patient? (2 reasons) |
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Definition
1. Different chemo drugs work at different areas of the cell cycle
2. Allows for lower dosages (Reduces toxicity and resistance) |
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Term
| What is the acronym for the Leukemia drug combination? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does MOPP stand for? What is affected in each? |
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Definition
M Mustargen- DNA synth
O Oncovin- Mitosis
P Procarbazine
P Prednisone- Helps appetite/energy |
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Term
| Why would an optimum dose of chemo need to be delayed? |
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Definition
| Lets clients recover from toxicities |
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Term
| What is the adverse effect of therapy that refers to severe N/V/D? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do we do for a pt with Mucositis or pts taking emetic drugs? |
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Definition
| We premedicate them with antiemetics |
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Term
| What is the adverse effect of therapy that refers to severe N/V/D? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do we do for a pt with Mucositis or pts taking emetic drugs? |
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Definition
| We premedicate them with antiemetics |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Name 3 adverse effects of chemo that fall under the category of 'Bone Marrow Depression' |
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Definition
1. Anemia (RBC)
2. Thombocytopenia (Platelet)
3. Leukopenia (WBC) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| These chemo agents can cause extravasation; know the emergency treatment before giving these IV! |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Dantomycin (-Mycins)
-Rubicins
Mustargen
Vincristine |
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Term
| What are 2 possible long-term consequences of chemo? |
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Definition
1. Infertility
2. Secondary tumors |
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Term
| Name 4 alkylating agents. Which one is the prototype? |
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Definition
Cytoxan (Prototype)
Mustargen
Platinol
Paraplatin |
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Term
Side effects of alkylating agents
___ ___ suppression
___ cystitis
___toxic
___ toxicity
___toxic |
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Definition
Bone marrow suppression
Hemorrhagic cystitis
Ototoxic
Pulmonary toxicity
neurotoxic |
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Term
| Name 4 Antimetabolites. Which is the protype? |
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Definition
1. Methotrexate (Prototype)
2. Gemzar
3. -Bine's
4. Flurouracil |
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Term
4 Antimetabolite side effects:
___ ___ toxicity
___toxic
Pregnancy category ___
___ sensitivity |
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Definition
Bone marrow toxicity
Hepatotoxic
Pregnancy category X
Photosensitivity |
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Term
| Since antimetabolites (Methotrexate) are so hepatotoxic, pts need LFT's q ___ wks. When antimetabolites be stopped? |
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Definition
2 weeks
Stop if beginning of liver failure |
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Term
| Since antimetabolites are preg. category x, pregnancy should be avoided ___ mo. after last dose. It interferes with ___ ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 3 antitumor antibiotics. What is the prototype? |
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Definition
1. Doxorubicin (Prototype)
2. -Rubicin's
3. Bleomycin |
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Term
| Antitumor antibiotics cause 2 side effects. What does each mean for the patient? |
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Definition
1. Cardiotoxicity- Irreversible HF
2. Decreases Dig Levels- Afib, CHF |
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Term
| Name 2 Hormone antagonists. What is the prototype? |
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Definition
1. Nolvadex (Prototype)
2. Steroids |
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Term
Adverse effects of hormone antagonists:
___ and ___
___ disease
HRF ___/___ cancer
___-like symptoms |
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Definition
Nausea and vomiting
Thomboembolic disease
HRF endometrial/reproductive cancer
Menopause-like symptoms |
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Term
| Why do hormone antagonists create menopausal symptoms and cause reproductive/endometrial CA, yet treats breast CA? |
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Definition
Affects estrogen levels
Hot flashes, fluid retention, vaginal discharge |
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Term
| Name 4 Natural Products. What is the Prototype? |
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Definition
1. Vincristine (Prototype)
2. VePisid
3. Taxotere
4. Taxol |
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Term
| Vincristine works great on ___ ___ carcinoma, ___, ___, and ___ treatments. |
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Definition
Basal cell carcinoma
ALL
AML
Lymphoma treatments |
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Term
Name 5 side effects of Natural Products.
___toxicity (COMMON)
___toxicity
___toxicity
Acute ___
Risk for ___ |
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Definition
Neurotoxicity (COMMON)
Cardiotoxicity
Nephrotoxicity
Acute bronchospasm
Risk for suicide |
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Term
| Because acute bronchospasm can occur with Natural products, nurses need to do what? |
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Definition
| Monitor the ENTIRE infusion |
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Term
S/S of neurotoxicity
Limbs ___/___
Muscular ___
Loss of neural ___
___
Paralytic ___; ___ |
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Definition
Limbs numb/tingle
Muscular weakness
Loss of neural reflexes
Pain
Paralytic ileus; Constipation |
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Term
| These drugs help the immune system to rid of CA cells. |
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Definition
| Biologic Response Modifiers (BRMs) |
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Term
| BRMs are less ___ and are given with other neoplastics to limit ___. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1. Interferons
2. Interleukins
3. Monoclonal antibodies |
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Term
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Definition
Epoetin alfa (Epogen)
Filgastrim (Neupogen, G-CSF)
Pegfilgrastim (Neulasta)
Sargramostim (GM-CSF) (Leukine)
Oprelve (Neumega) |
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