Term
|
Definition
The specific compound's structure (usually long and difficult to pronounce) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Official or "nonproprietary" name Shorter MAY derive from chemical name |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Phamaceutical company names the drug Doesn't resemble generic or chemical name |
|
|
Term
What is the study of pharmacology? |
|
Definition
The study of the effects of chemicals on living organisms |
|
|
Term
What is the study of pharmacology for PTs? |
|
Definition
The study and evaluation of the use of drugs in humans and some animals as it RELATES TO ACTIVITY |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
It's a substance that -alters physiologic functions -is used for diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of a disease |
|
|
Term
What is pharmacotherapeutics? |
|
Definition
It refers to the use of specific drugs to prevent, treat, or diagnose a disease |
|
|
Term
What is pharmacokinetics? |
|
Definition
How the body deals with drug absorption, distribution, and elimination |
|
|
Term
What is pharmacodynamics? |
|
Definition
Analysis of what drug does to the body including mechanisms by which the drug exerts its effects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Study of harmful effects of drugs |
|
|
Term
What is more expensive? Generic or brand-name drugs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
T/F: Generic drugs must contain the same active ingredients as the brand-name drug. |
|
Definition
TRUE- a generic drug may actually even be substituted for the corresponding brand-made drug |
|
|
Term
Who monitors the use of existing drugs and develops and approves new drugs? |
|
Definition
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) |
|
|
Term
What is the FDA concerned about when approving and monitoring drugs? |
|
Definition
1) Is the drug effective in treating a certain condition? 2) Is the drug reasonably safe for human use? |
|
|
Term
What are preclinical studies? |
|
Definition
Animal studies that determine 1) Basic pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics properties 2) Dosage and toxicity |
|
|
Term
What does the pharma company do after preclinical studies? |
|
Definition
Files an Investigational New Drug Application (IND) with the FDA |
|
|
Term
What is phase 1 of drug approval? |
|
Definition
Small numbers (20-80) healthy volunteers determine pharmacologic actions & toxic effects |
|
|
Term
What is phase 2 of drug approval? |
|
Definition
Small sample (200-300) WITH specific disease or condition to evaluate effectiveness, side effects, and other risks |
|
|
Term
What is phase 3 of drug approval? |
|
Definition
Hundreds/thousands with the disease or condition to obtain safety and effectiveness data |
|
|
Term
How long does testing take? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What happens after Phase 3 of drug approval? |
|
Definition
The company submits a New Drug Application (NDA). FDA reviews data extensively. If FDA approves, drug can be marketed and prescribed for use in general population |
|
|
Term
How is drug safety and effectiveness monitored after NDA approval? |
|
Definition
-Reports from health care providers - Obtaining info. on how drug is used in clinical practice - Monitoring how the drug compares to similar drugs |
|
|
Term
What are Over the counter medications? |
|
Definition
Drugs that may be sold w/o prescription |
|
|
Term
What are prescription only medications? |
|
Definition
Drugs that require prescription from a properly credentialed healthcare practitioner |
|
|
Term
What are controlled substances? |
|
Definition
Both legal and illegal drugs- these are based on potential for abuse |
|
|
Term
Describe Over the Counter drugs. |
|
Definition
1) Treats minor conditions 2) Easily obtained 3) Less expensive 4) Safe since chances of toxic effects are now, abuse potential is low |
|
|
Term
Describe prescription drugs |
|
Definition
FDA Authorized by a healthcare practitioner. Also referred to as Legend drugs. |
|
|
Term
What are schedule I drugs? |
|
Definition
-highest abuse potential -not acceptable medical treatment in US -Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is an exception |
|
|
Term
What are schedule II drugs? |
|
Definition
-High potential for abuse and addiction - Approved for therapeutic purposes -ex. morphine, methamphetamine -Strict control prescribing |
|
|
Term
What are schedule III drugs? |
|
Definition
- Lower abuse potential but still a mild-moderate physical dependence, strong psychological dependence, or both -ex. codeine /anabolic steroids |
|
|
Term
What are schedule IV drugs? |
|
Definition
Lower abuse potential than schedule III Limited physical and/or psychological dependence Ex. Diazepam or phenobarbital |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Lowest relative abuse potential |
|
|