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Pharm Terms and General Concepts
EXAM 1 Lecture 1
32
Pharmacology
Graduate
11/01/2016

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Cards

Term
Chemical Name
Definition
The specific compound's structure (usually long and difficult to pronounce)
Term
Generic name
Definition
Official or "nonproprietary" name
Shorter
MAY derive from chemical name
Term
Trade or Brand name
Definition
Phamaceutical company names the drug
Doesn't resemble generic or chemical name
Term
What is the study of pharmacology?
Definition
The study of the effects of chemicals on living organisms
Term
What is the study of pharmacology for PTs?
Definition
The study and evaluation of the use of drugs in humans and some animals as it RELATES TO ACTIVITY
Term
What is a drug?
Definition
It's a substance that
-alters physiologic functions
-is used for diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of a disease
Term
What is pharmacotherapeutics?
Definition
It refers to the use of specific drugs to prevent, treat, or diagnose a disease
Term
What is pharmacokinetics?
Definition
How the body deals with drug absorption, distribution, and elimination
Term
What is pharmacodynamics?
Definition
Analysis of what drug does to the body including mechanisms by which the drug exerts its effects
Term
What is toxicology?
Definition
Study of harmful effects of drugs
Term
What is more expensive? Generic or brand-name drugs?
Definition
Generic drugs
Term
T/F: Generic drugs must contain the same active ingredients as the brand-name drug.
Definition
TRUE- a generic drug may actually even be substituted for the corresponding brand-made drug
Term
Who monitors the use of existing drugs and develops and approves new drugs?
Definition
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
Term
What is the FDA concerned about when approving and monitoring drugs?
Definition
1) Is the drug effective in treating a certain condition?
2) Is the drug reasonably safe for human use?
Term
What are preclinical studies?
Definition
Animal studies that determine
1) Basic pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics properties
2) Dosage and toxicity
Term
What does the pharma company do after preclinical studies?
Definition
Files an Investigational New Drug Application (IND) with the FDA
Term
What is phase 1 of drug approval?
Definition
Small numbers (20-80)
healthy volunteers determine pharmacologic actions & toxic effects
Term
What is phase 2 of drug approval?
Definition
Small sample (200-300)
WITH specific disease or condition to evaluate effectiveness, side effects, and other risks
Term
What is phase 3 of drug approval?
Definition
Hundreds/thousands with the disease or condition to obtain safety and effectiveness data
Term
How long does testing take?
Definition
7-9 years
Term
What happens after Phase 3 of drug approval?
Definition
The company submits a New Drug Application (NDA). FDA reviews data extensively. If FDA approves, drug can be marketed and prescribed for use in general population
Term
How is drug safety and effectiveness monitored after NDA approval?
Definition
-Reports from health care providers
- Obtaining info. on how drug is used in clinical practice
- Monitoring how the drug compares to similar drugs
Term
What are Over the counter medications?
Definition
Drugs that may be sold w/o prescription
Term
What are prescription only medications?
Definition
Drugs that require prescription from a properly credentialed healthcare practitioner
Term
What are controlled substances?
Definition
Both legal and illegal drugs- these are based on potential for abuse
Term
Describe Over the Counter drugs.
Definition
1) Treats minor conditions
2) Easily obtained
3) Less expensive
4) Safe since chances of toxic effects are now, abuse potential is low
Term
Describe prescription drugs
Definition
FDA Authorized by a healthcare practitioner.
Also referred to as Legend drugs.
Term
What are schedule I drugs?
Definition
-highest abuse potential
-not acceptable medical treatment in US
-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is an exception
Term
What are schedule II drugs?
Definition
-High potential for abuse and addiction
- Approved for therapeutic purposes
-ex. morphine, methamphetamine
-Strict control prescribing
Term
What are schedule III drugs?
Definition
- Lower abuse potential but still a mild-moderate physical dependence, strong psychological dependence, or both
-ex. codeine /anabolic steroids
Term
What are schedule IV drugs?
Definition
Lower abuse potential than schedule III
Limited physical and/or psychological dependence
Ex. Diazepam or phenobarbital
Term
Scheudle 5
Definition
Lowest relative abuse potential
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