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Pharm Terms
Vocabulary and definitions
51
Pharmacology
Undergraduate 1
01/05/2011

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Term
Elixir
Definition
Liquid dose form in an alcohol solution administered orally.
Term
Emulsion
Definition
Drug suspended within an oil or liquid fat.
Term
Tincture
Definition
Topically applied dose form; drug is dissolved in alcohol.
Term
Extract
Definition
Drug made from processed animal organs or plants.
Term
Gel Caps
Definition
Solid (powedered) dose form covered in gelatin.
Term
Ointments
Definition
Semisolid dose form that liquefies at body temperature.
Term
Syrups
Definition
Sucrose or other sugar-based liquid dose form administered orally.
Term
Pastes
Definition
Semisolid dose form that does not melt at body temperature.
Term
Sustained-release formulations
Definition
Oral dosage form formulated to dissolve slowly as it moves through the GI tract.
Term
Enteric-coated tablets
Definition
Drug form formulated to be protected against stomach acid.
Term
Generic equivalent drug
Definition
Drug produced by companies other than the original developer.
Term
Ampule
Definition
Small, airtight glass containers containing drug; meant to be broken open to extract the drug; used only one time.
Term
Repository or depot drug
Definition
Type of drug meant to be absorbed over a prolonged period of time after being injected.
Term
Inert ingredient
Definition
The ingredient of the drug formulation that includes preservatives, stabilizers, and liquid media into which the drug is dissolved or suspended.
Term
Indication
Definition
The reason or the condition for which the drug is to be used.
Term
Off-label use
Definition
Any use of a drug in a manner other than that approved by the FDA.
Term
Side-effect
Definition
Any effect of the drug other than the intended effect.
Term
Chemical name
Definition
The chemical composition of a drug.
Term
Nonproprietary name
Definition
Generic name; a name given to the specific chemical compound. Usually listed as the active ingredient.
Term
Proprietary name
Definition
Trade name; the unique name a manufacturer gives its particular brand of drug.
Term
Dose
Definition
The amount of drug administered at one time.
Term
Dosage
Definition
The general amount that any animal or patient should be given over time.
Term
Contraindications
Definition
Circumstances in which the drug should not be used.
Term
Prescription drug
Definition
A drug that is considered toxic, potentially toxic if misused, or too readily misused.
Term
Over the counter (OTC)
Definition
Drugs considered safe for the animal, the person administering the medication, people coming into contact with the animal, the human food chain, and the environment.
Term
Controlled substance
Definition
A substance that has the potential for physical addiction, psychological addiction, and/or abuse.
Term
C-I
Definition
Extreme potential for abuse and no approved medicinal purpose in the United States.
Term
C-II
Definition
High potential for abuse and may lead to severe physical or psychological dependence.
Term
C-III
Definition
Some potential for abuse; may lead to low to moderate physical dependence or high psychological dependence.
Term
C-IV
Definition
Low potential for abuse; limited physical or psychological dependence.
Term
C-V
Definition
Subject to state and local regulations; low potential for abuse.
Term
OSHA
Definition
Occupational Safety and Health Administration.
Term
DEA
Definition
Drug Enforcement Agency
Term
Antineoplastic agents
Definition
Drugs used to treat cancer.
Term
Teratogenic
Definition
Can cause birth defects.
Term
Carcinogenic
Definition
Induce cancer or preneoplastic changes.
Term
Theraputic range
Definition
Ideal range of drug concentrations within the body.
Term
Loading dose
Definition
Larger than the drug's maintenance dose and is designed to raise the drug concentration to the theraputic range in a short time.
Term
Maintenance dose
Definition
Smaller doses of drug administered to maintain the theraputic concentrations established by the loading dose.
Term
Bioavailability
Definition
The degree to which an administered drug is absorbed.
Term
First-pass effect
Definition
The liver removes so much of the drug that little reaches the systemic circulation.
Term
Redistribution
Definition
The movement of drug from the blood, to the tissue, back to the blood, and to a second tissue.
Term
Volume of Distribution (Vd)
Definition
A pharmacokinetic value that provides an approximation of the extent to which a drug is distributed throughout the body.
Term
Chelators
Definition
Types of compounds used as drugs that physically combine with ions or other specific compounds in the environment to produce their effects.
Term
Biotransformation
Definition
Drug metabolism; Drugs altered by the enzymes and chemical reactions in the body before they are eliminated.
Term
Prodrugs
Definition
Drugs that require biotransformation to become active.
Term
Induced metabolism
Definition
The active form of the drug is more rapidly converted to a less-active form shortening the time in the body that the drug can be effective.
Term
Hepatic excretion
Definition
Elimination of drugs by the liver.
Term
Enterohepatic circulation
Definition
Movement of drug from liver to intestinal tract and back to the liver.
Term
Drug clearance
Definition
The measure of how fast a volume of blood is cleared of the drug and is expressed as a volume of blood cleared over time.
Term
Half-life of elimination
Definition
A time value that describes how long the drug concentration, usually measured in the blood, takes to decrease by 50%.
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