Term
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Definition
•Penicillins G & V*
•Nafcillin*
•Ampicillin
•Amoxicillin*
•Ampicillin-sulbactam (Unasyn)*
•Piperacillin-tazobactam (Zosyn) |
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Term
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Definition
•Cephalexin (Keflex)*
•Cefuroxime (Ceftin)
•Cefdinir (Omnicef)*
• Cefotaxime (Claforan)*
• Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)*
• Cefepime (Maxipime |
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Term
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Definition
•Gentamicin*
•Streptomycin*
•Tobramycin |
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Term
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Definition
•Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)*
•Levofloxacin (Levaquin)*
•Moxifloxacin (Avelox) |
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Term
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Definition
•Tetracycline*
•Doxycycline (Vibramycin)* |
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Term
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Definition
•Sulfasalazine (Azulfidine)
•Bactrim*
•Septra *
•Silver sulfadiazine (Silvadene)* |
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Term
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Definition
•Nitrofurantoin Macrodantin, Macrobid)*
•Phenazopyridine (Pyridum)* |
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Term
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Definition
•Azithromycin (Zithromax)*
•Clarithromycin (Biaxin)
•Erythromycin (E-mycin) |
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Term
| MISC. ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS |
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Definition
•Chloramphenicol (Chloromycetin)*
•Clindamycin hydrochloride (Cleocin)*
•Linezolid (Zyvox)
•Metronidazole (Flagyl)*
•Vancomycin (Vancocin)* |
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Term
Tuberculosis
*First Line TB |
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Definition
•Isoniazid (INH)
•Rifampin (Rifadin)
•Pyrazinamide
•Streptomycin |
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Term
Tuberculosis
Second-line TB |
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Definition
•Para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS)
•Capreomycin (Capastat)
•Ceycloserine (Seromycin)
•Ethionamide (Trecator SC) |
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Term
Antiviral Drugs
Herpesvirus Drugs |
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Definition
•*Acyclovir (Zovirax)
•Famciclovir
•Valacyclovir |
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Term
Antiviral Drugs- HIV drugs
5 Classes of Drugs (Antiretrovirals) |
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Definition
•*Zodovudine (Prototype) (AZT)
•*Tenofoir (Viread)
•*Efavirenz (Sustiva)
•Indinavir
• *Enfuvirtide (Fuzeon) |
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Term
Antiviral Drugs
Influenza A Drugs |
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Definition
•*Amantadine (Symmetrel)
•*Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) |
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Term
Antiviral Drugs
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) |
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Definition
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Term
Antiviral Drugs
Antifungel Drugs |
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Definition
•*Amphotericin B (Fungizone)
•Amphotericin B lipid complex (Abelcet)
•*Clotrimazole (Lotrimin)
•*Fluconazole (Diflucan)
•Ketoconazole (Nizoral)
•*Miconazole (Monistat)
•*Nystatin (Mycostatin)
•*Terbinatine (Lamisil)
•Tolnaftate(Tinactin)
•*Zinc undecylenate (Desenex) |
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Term
Mechanism of Action
Penicillin |
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Definition
| binds to bacteril cell wall, resulting in death |
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Term
Indications for use
Penicillin |
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Definition
more effective in infections caused by gram + bacteria.
-skin/soft tissue
-respiratory
-GI & GU
-given IM or IV
-cross allergies
Treatment of a wide variety of infections including: Pneumococcal pneumonia, Streptococcal pharyngitis, Syphilis, Gonorrhea strains. Treatment of enterococcal infections (requires the addition of an aminoglycoside). Prevention of rheumatic fever. Should not be used as a single agent to treat anthrax. Unlabelled Use: Treatment of Lyme disease, prevention of recurrent Streptococcal pneumoniae septicemia in children with sickle-cell disease. |
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Term
Contraindication for use
Penicillin |
|
Definition
hypersensitivity to penicillin
cross allergies
avoid cephalosporins
use cautiously in renal insufficiency |
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Term
|
Definition
CNS: seizures
GI:diarrhea, N&V
GU: nephritis
Derm: rash
Hemat: eosinophilia, leukopenia
Local: pain @ IM site,phlebitis at IV site
Misc: allergic reaction=anaphylaxis plus serum sickness |
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Term
Mechanism of Action
Amoxicillin |
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Definition
Binds to bacterial cell wall, causing cell death.
-Similar to ampicillin |
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Term
Indications for use
Amoxicillin |
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Definition
| Treats endocarditis that prduce bacteremia |
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Term
Contraindication for use
Amoxicillin |
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Definition
Hypersensitivity to penicillins (cross-sensitivity exists to cephalosporins and other beta-lactams);
Tablets for oral suspension (DisperMox) contain aspartame; avoid in patients with phenylketonuria.
Use Cautiously in: Severe renal insufficiency (↓ dose if CCr <30 mL/min); Infectious mononucleosis, acute lymphocytic leukemia, or cytomegalovirus infection (↑ risk of rash); OB/Lactation: Has been used safely. |
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Term
|
Definition
CNS: SEIZURES (HIGH DOSES).
GI: PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS COLITIS, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, ↑ liver enzymes.
Derm: rashes, urticaria. Hemat: blood dyscrasias.
Misc: ALLERGIC REACTIONS INCLUDING ANAPHYLAXIS, SERUM SICKNESS, superinfection. |
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Term
Mechanism of Action/Oral Cephalosporin
Keflex |
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Definition
Binds to bacterial cell wall membrane, causing cell death.
Therapeutic Effects: Bactericidal action against susceptible bacteria.
Spectrum: Active against many gram-positive cocci including: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci, Staphylococci (including penicillinase-producing strains).
Active against the following gram-negative organisms: Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Proteus.
Not active against methicillin-resistant staphylococci or enterococci: Enterococcus.
Not active against anaerobes. |
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Term
Indications for use/Oral Cephalosporin
Keflex |
|
Definition
Treatment the following infections; Skin/skin structure infections, Respiratory tract infections,
Otitis media,
UTI
Bone infections. |
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Term
Contraindication for use/Oral Cephalosporin
Keflex |
|
Definition
Hypersensitivity to cephalosporins & penicillins.
Caution in: Renal impairment;
GI disease,
colitis;
OB/Lactation: Pregnancy and lactation (has been used safely). |
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Term
Side effect/Oral Cephalosporin
Keflex |
|
Definition
CNS: SEIZURES (HIGH DOSES).
GI: PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS COLITIS, diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting.
Derm: rashes, urticaria. Hemat: eosinophilia, hemolytic anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia.
Misc: allergic reactions including anaphylaxis, superinfection. |
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Term
Mechanism of Action/Oral Cephalosporin
Ceftin |
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Definition
Binds to bacterial cell wall membrane, causing cell death.
Therapeutic Effects: Bactericidal action against susceptible bacteria.
Spectrum: Similar to that of first-generation cephalosporins but has increased activity against several other gram-negative pathogens including: Haemophilus influenzae (including β-lactamase-producing strains), Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Neisseria , Proteus, Moraxella catarrhalis, Borrelia burgdorferi. Not active against methicillin-resistant staphylococci or enterococci. |
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Term
Indications for use/Oral Cephalosporin
Ceftin |
|
Definition
Treatment of:
Respiratory tract infections,
Skin and skin structure infections, Bone and joint infections (IV), Urinary tract infections, Gynecological infections,
Septicemia (IV),
Otitis media (PO),
Meningitis (IV),
Lyme disease (PO). Perioperative prophylaxis (IV). |
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Term
Contraindication for use/Oral Cephalosporin
Ceftin |
|
Definition
Contraindicated in: Hypersensitivity to cephalosporins & penicillins.
Caution in: Renal impairment
History of GI disease, especially colitis; Geriatric patients (dose adjustment may be required due to age-related ↓ in renal function); Pregnancy and lactation (has been used safely). |
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Term
Side effect/Oral Cephalosporin
Ceftin |
|
Definition
CNS: SEIZURES (HIGH DOSES).
GI: PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS COLITIS, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, cramps. Derm: rashes, urticaria, diaper dermatitis.
Hemat: bleeding, eosinophilia, hemolytic anemia, leukopenia.
Local: pain at IM site, phlebitis at IV site.
Misc: ALLERGIC REACTIONS INCLUDING ANAPHYLAXIS, superinfection. |
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Term
Mechanism of Action/Parenteral Cephalosporin
Claforan |
|
Definition
Binds to the bacterial cell wall membrane, causing cell death.
Therapeutic Effects: Bactericidal action against susceptible bacteria.
Spectrum: Similar to that of second-generation cephalosporins, but activity against staphylococci is less, whereas activity against gram-negative pathogens is greater, even for organisms resistant to first- and second-generation agents. |
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Term
Indications for use/Parenteral Cephalosporin
Claforan |
|
Definition
Treatment of the following infectios; Skin and skin structure infections, Bone and joint infections,
Urinary tract infections,
Gynecological infections including; gonorrhea, Lower respiratory tract infections, Intra-abdominal infections, Septicemia, Meningitis, Lyme disease. Perioperative prophylaxis. |
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Term
Contraindication for use/Parenteral Cephalosporin
Claforan |
|
Definition
Contraindicated in: Hypersensitivity to cephalosporins & penicillins.
Caution in: Renal impairment (decreased dosing recommended if CCr <20 mL/min);
GI disease, colitis;
Geri: Dosage adjustment may be necessary due to age-related decrease in renal function. |
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Term
Side effect/Parenteral Cephalosporin
Claforan |
|
Definition
CNS: SEIZURES (HIGH DOSES).
GI: PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS COLITIS, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting.
Derm: rashes, pruritis, urticaria. Hemat: agranulocytosis, bleeding, eosinophilia, hemolytic anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia.
Local: pain at IM site, phlebitis at IV site.
Misc: ALLERGIC REACTIONS INCLUDING ANAPHYLAXIS, superinfection. |
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Term
Mechanism of Action
AMINOGLYCOSIDES |
|
Definition
Penetrate the cel wall of bacteria & bind to ribosomes.
Bacteria can not synthesize proteins necessary for their function & replication. |
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Term
Indications for use/AMINOGLYCOSIDES
Steptomycin |
|
Definition
-Serious systemic infections
-Caused by susceptible aerobic Gram negative (often times less susceptible to antibacterial drugs)
-Hospital-acquired infections gram +/- bacteria
-Tuberculosis
-Streptomycin (part of drug regimen)
-Combination with ampicillin, penicillin's
-Gentamycin
-Suppress intestinal bacteria
-Prior to bowel surgery(give Neomycin/or Kanamycin) |
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Term
Contraindication for use
/AMINOGLYCOSIDES
Steptomycin |
|
Definition
-Hypersensitivity to aminoglycosides
-BBB: Drugs are nephrotoxic and oxotoxic and very serious in pt w/ renal impairment, myasthenia gravis, other neuromuscular disorders.
Increased sensitivity
OB: caution if pregnant/breast feeding |
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Term
Side effect/AMINOGLYCOSIDES
Steptomycin |
|
Definition
-diarrhea
-fluid volume,risk for deficient
-Injury for; skin integrity
-Sensory perception disturbed |
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Term
Mechanism of Action/AMINOGLYCOSIDES
Steptomycin |
|
Definition
Penetrate the cell wall of bacteria and bind to ribosomes.
-Bacteria cannot synthesize proteins necessary for their function and replication. |
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Term
Mechanism of Action
Levaquin |
|
Definition
Action
Inhibit bacterial DNA synthesis by inhibiting DNA gyrase.
Therapeutic Effects: Death of susceptible bacteria.
Spectrum: Broad activity includes many gram-positive pathogens: Staphylococci including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Bacillus anthracis. Gram-negative spectrum notable for activity against: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Salmonella, Shigella, Proteus, Providencia,, Morganella morganii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia, Haemophilus, Acinetobacter, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Campylobacter. Additional spectrum includes: Chlamydia pneumoniae, Legionella pneumoniae, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae |
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Term
Indications for use/Fluoroquinolones
Levaquin |
|
Definition
Broad spectrum agent:
Bronchitius, pneumonia, cystitis, UTI's
PO, IV: Treatment of the following bacterial infections:
Urinary tract infections including cystitis and prostatitis (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin), Gonorrhea (may not be considered first-line agents due to increasing resistance), Gynecologic infections (ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin),
Respiratory tract infections including acute sinusitis, acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, and pneumonia (not norfloxacin),
Skin and skin structure infections (levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin),
Bone and joint infections (ciprofloxacin),
Infectious diarrhea (ciprofloxacin), Intra-abdominal infections (ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin).
Febrile neutropenia (ciprofloxacin).
Post-exposure treatment of inhalational anthrax (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin). |
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Term
Contraindication for use/Fluoroquinolones
Levaquin |
|
Definition
Contraindicated in:
Hypersensitivity, pt w/ allergy.
Cross-sensitivity among agents within class may occur; Gemifloxacin and moxifloxacin: Concurrent use of Class IA antiarrhythmics (disopyramide, quinidine, procainamide) or Class III antiarrhythmics (amiodarone, sotalol) (↑ risk of QTc prolongation and torsades de pointes); Known QT prolongation or concurrent use of agents causing prolongation;
OB: Do not use unless potential benefit outweighs potential fetal risk;
Pedi: Use only for treatment of anthrax and complicated UTIs in children 1–17 yrs due to possible arthropathy.
Use Cautiously in: Known or suspected CNS disorder; Renal impairment (dosage reduction if CCr ≤50 mL/min for ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, ofloxacin; ≤30 mL/min for norfloxacin; <40 mL/min for gemifloxacin); Cirrhosis (levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, ornorfloxacin); Gemifloxacin and moxifloxacin: Concurrent use of erythromycin, antipsychotics, and tricyclic antidepressants (↑ risk of QTc prolongation and torsades de pointes); Gemifloxacin and moxifloxacin: Bradycardia; Gemifloxacin and moxifloxacin: Acute myocardial ischemia; Concurrent use of corticosteroids (↑ risk of tendinitis/tendon rupture); Kidney, heart, or lung transplant patients (↑ risk of tendinitis/tendon rupture); Lactation: Safety not established except for treatment of anthrax; Geri: ↑ risk of adverse reactions. |
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Term
Side effect/Fluoroquinolones
Levaquin |
|
Definition
CNS: SEIZURES, dizziness, headache, insomnia, acute psychoses, agitation, confusion, drowsiness.
CV: gemifloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, norfloxacin: ARRHYTHMIAS, QT prolongation, vasodilation.
GI: HEPATOTOXICITY (NORFLOXACIN), PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS COLITIS, diarrhea, nausea, abdominal pain, increased liver function tests (ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin), vomiting.
GU: vaginitis.
Derm: photosensitivity, rash.
Endo: hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia. Local: phlebitis at IV site.
MS: tendinitis, tendon rupture.
Misc: HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS INCLUDING ANAPHYLAXIS, STEVENS-JOHNSON SYNDROME. |
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Term
Mechanism of Action/Sulfonamides
Bactrim |
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Definition
Combination inhibits the metabolism of folic acid in bacteria at two different points.
Therapeutic Effects: Bactericidal action against susceptible bacteria.
Spectrum: Active against many strains of gram-positive aerobic pathogens including: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci, Nocardia, Enterococcus. Has activity against many aerobic gram-negative pathogens, such as: Acinetobacter, Enterobacter, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Shigella, Haemophilus influenzae, including ampicillin-resistant strains. P. jirovecii. Not active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. |
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Term
Indications for use/Sulfonamides
Bactrim |
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Definition
Treatment of: Bronchitis, Shigella enteritis, Otitis media, Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP), Urinary tract infections, Traveler’s diarrhea. Prevention of PCP in HIV-positive patients.
Unlabelled Use: Biliary tract infections, osteomyelitis, burn and wound infections, chlamydial infections, endocarditis, gonorrhea, intra-abdominal infections, nocardiosis, rheumatic fever prophylaxis, sinusitis, eradication of meningococcal carriers, prophylaxis of urinary tract infections, and an alternative agent in the treatment of chancroid. Prevention of bacterial infections in immunosuppressed patients. |
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Term
Contraindication/Sulfonamides
Bactrim |
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Definition
Contraindicated in: Hypersensitivity to sulfonamides or trimethoprim; Megaloblastic anemia secondary to folate deficiency; Severe renal impairment; OB/Lactation/Pedi: Pregnancy, lactation, or children <2 mo (can cause kernicterus in neonates).
Use Cautiously in: Impaired hepatic or renal function (dosage ↓ required if CCr <30 mL/min); HIV-positive patients (↑ incidence of adverse reactions). |
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Term
Side effect/Sulfonamides
Bactrim |
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Definition
CNS: fatigue, hallucinations, headache, insomnia, mental depression. GI: PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS COLITIS, HEPATIC NECROSIS, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomatitis, hepatitis, cholestatic jaundice.
GU: crystalluria.
Derm: TOXIC EPIDERMAL NECROLYSIS, rashes, photosensitivity.
Hemat: AGRANULOCYTOSIS, APLASTIC ANEMIA, hemolytic anemia, leukopenia, megaloblastic anemia, thrombocytopenia.
Local: phlebitis at IV site.
Misc: ALLERGIC REACTIONS INCLUDING ERYTHEMA MULTIFORME, STEVENS-JOHNSON SYNDROME, fever. |
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Term
Mechanism of Action/Misc drugs UTI's
Marodantin/Macrobid |
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Definition
Antibacterial activity against E.coli & most other organisms that cause UTI's.
Bacterial resistance develops slowly & to a limited degree
a synthetic, broad-spectrum, weakly acidic antibacterial, is generally bactericidal at therapeutic concentrations. Therapeutic concentrations are achieved only in the urine. The mechanism of antimicrobial action is unique among antibacterials. Nitrofurantoin is reduced by bacterial flavoproteins to reactive intermediates, which inactivate or alter bacterial ribosomal proteins and other macromolecules |
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Term
Indications of use/Misc drugs UTI's
Marodantin/Macrobid |
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Definition
Urinary tract infections, ulcerative colitis. not effective in systeic bacterial infections.
Short term treatment or long ter suppression of bacteria in chronic recurrent UTI's.
bacterial (treatment)—Nitrofurantoin is indicated in the treatment of urinary tract infections caused by susceptible strains of Escherichia coli , enterococci, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus saprophyticus , Klebsiella species, Enterobacter species and Proteus species
Urinary tract infections, bacterial (prophylaxis)—Nitrofurantoin is used in the prophylaxis or long-term suppression of urinary tract infections.
—Not all species or strains of a particular organism may be susceptible to nitrofurantoin. Some strains of Enterobacter or Klebsiella species are resistant to nitrofurantoin. Nitrofurantoin is not active against most strains of Proteus or Serratia species. Nitrofurantoin has no activity against Pseudomonas species |
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Term
Conraindicaton for use/Misc drugs UTI's
Marodantin/Macrobid |
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Definition
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Term
Side Effects/Misc drugs UTI's
Marodantin/Macrobid |
|
Definition
Severe renal disease.
severe allergic reactions involving the lungs and skin, liver problems, nerve damage, swelling, hives, itching, rash, fever, loss of appetite, vomiting, nausea, dizziness, headache, weakness, drowsiness |
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Term
Mechanism of Action/Misc drugs UTI's
Pryridium |
|
Definition
| An azo dye that acts as a urinary tract analgesic |
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Term
Indications of use/Misc drugs UTI's
Pryridium |
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Definition
It has no anti infective action
relieves symptoms of dysuria, burning, relieves dysuria frequency, urgency of urination. |
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Term
Conraindicaton for use/Misc drugs UTI's
Pryridium |
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Definition
| severe renal insufficiency & severe hepatitis |
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Term
Side Effects/Misc drugs UTI's
Pryridium |
|
Definition
Turn urine orange/red which may be mistaken for blood.
headaches, upset stomach (especially when not taken with food), or dizziness. Less frequently it can cause a pigment change in the skin or eyes, to a noticeable yellowish color. This is due to a depressed excretion via the kidneys causing a build up of the drug in the skin, and normally indicates a need to discontinue usage. Other such side effects include fever, confusion, shortness of breath, skin rash, and swelling of the face, fingers, feet, or legs. Long-term use may cause yellowing of nails. |
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