Term
| Which H2 blocker has significant CYP interactions? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which H2 blocker is primarily cleared by the kidneys? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the mechanism of misoprostol? |
|
Definition
| It's an PGE1 analog that inhibits adenylate cyclase and decreases cAMP level |
|
|
Term
| How can hypophosphatemia occur from sucralfate usage? |
|
Definition
| Sucralfate contains aluminum, which can bind to phosphorus and prevent its absorption into circulation. |
|
|
Term
| Which PPI has p450 drug interactions that should be taken into account when prescribing this drug? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the potential side effects of IV administration of H2 blockers? |
|
Definition
| neurological side effects like dizziness, confusion, seizures, and delirium |
|
|
Term
| Why do PPI's have an enteric coating? |
|
Definition
| They are unstable at low pH's. |
|
|
Term
| What is the rationale behind co-prescribing PPI's with ABX? |
|
Definition
| The PPI's raise the intra-lumenal pH and stabilize the heatl-labile antibiotics. |
|
|
Term
| For Crohn's Disease, what drug do we not give? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Loperidine and diphenoxylate are considered to be what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sulfasalazine reduces the absorption of what two drugs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Characterize the composition of balsalazine. |
|
Definition
| Mesalamine linked to an inert carrier |
|
|
Term
| Are GC's more effective at inducing remission or maintaining remission? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the preferred oral or IV glucocorticoid? |
|
Definition
| prednisone (budesonide = prednisone with less side effects) |
|
|
Term
| How quick is the onset of action for immunosuppressants like thiopurine? |
|
Definition
| 2-3 months, so it's more effective at maintaining remission than inducing remission |
|
|
Term
| What is the effect of 6-thio GTP? |
|
Definition
| It prevents T cell-antigen presenting cell conjugation and the subsequent development of an immune response by blocking GTP incorporation into Rac1 (Rho GTPase) |
|
|
Term
| What enhances the exchange of bound GDP for GTP? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two major adverse effects of thiopurine agents? |
|
Definition
| bone marrow suppression and hepatotoxicity |
|
|
Term
| What effect does 5-ASA and derivatives have on TPMT activity? |
|
Definition
| is a potent inhibitor and therefore increase 6-TGN's and bone marrow suppression |
|
|
Term
| In which situations is cyclosporin A used? |
|
Definition
| for severe UC patients unresponsive to corticosteroid therapy |
|
|
Term
| In which cases is methotrexate used? |
|
Definition
| moderate to severe cases of CD |
|
|
Term
| In terms of mechanism of action, how is adalimumab different from infliximab? |
|
Definition
| Adalimumab binds to the TNF-alpha receptor, while infliximab binds to TNF |
|
|
Term
| What is the impact of Milk of Magnesia on anbiotics? |
|
Definition
| It intereferes with absorption of medicines like tetracyclines and digoxin. |
|
|
Term
| What happens if PEG is aspirated? |
|
Definition
| It causes fulminant pulmonary edema |
|
|
Term
| How does bisacodyl promote diarrhea? |
|
Definition
| It is an irritant. Induce a limited low-grade inflammation of the small and large intestine to promote accumulation of water and electrolytes and stimulate intestinal motility |
|
|
Term
| What drug works by activating type chloride channels on the apical surface of the intestinal epithelial cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What osmotically active agent is used as an enema in inducing defecation? |
|
Definition
| hypertonic sodium phosphate |
|
|
Term
| What are the two commonly used suppositories to induce diarrhea? |
|
Definition
| glycerine and biscodyl suppository |
|
|
Term
| What are the three bile-salt binding agent used to treat diarrhea? |
|
Definition
| cholestyramine, colestipol, and colesevelam |
|
|
Term
| How does loperamide help treat diarrhea? |
|
Definition
| it increases mixing contractions and the anal sphincter tone/ effective against traveler's diarrhea |
|
|
Term
| Diphenoxylate is structurally similar to what other drug? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is diphenoxylate combined with to prevent abuse? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two 5-nitroimidazoles? |
|
Definition
| tinidazole and metronidazole |
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