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Definition
| Drug interactions in which the effect of a combination of two or more drugs with similar actions is equivalent to the some of the individual effects of the same drugs given alone (1+1=2) |
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Definition
| Any undesirable occurrence related to administering or failing to administer a prescribed medication |
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Definition
| Any unexpected, unintended, undesired or excessive response to a medication given at therapeutic dosages |
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Definition
| A general term for any undesirable effects that are a direct response to one or more drugs |
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Definition
| A drug that binds to and stimulates the activity of one or more receptors in the body |
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Definition
| An immunologic hypersensitivity reaction resulting from the unusual sensitivity of a patient to a particular medication |
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Definition
| A drug that binds to and inhibits the activity of one or more receptors in the body; inhibitors |
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Definition
| Drug interactions in which the effect of a combination of two or more drugs is less than the sum of the individual effects of the same drugs given alone |
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Definition
| A measure of the extent of drug absorption for a given drug and route (from 0%-100%) |
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Definition
| One or more biochemical reactions involving a parent drug. Biotransformation occurs mainly in the liver and produces a metabolite that is either inactive or active; metabolism |
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Definition
| The barrier system that restricts the passage of various chemicals and microscopic entities between the bloodstream and the CNS. It still allows for the passage of essential substances such as oxygen. |
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Definition
| The name that describes the chemical composition and molecular structure of the drug. |
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Definition
| Any condition, especially one related to a disease state or patient characteristic, including current or recent drug therapy, that renders a particular form of treatment improper or undesirable |
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Definition
| The general name for a large class of enzymes that play a significant role in drug metabolism and drug interaction |
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Term
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Definition
| A state in which there is a compulsive or chronic need, as for a drug |
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Term
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Definition
| The process by which solid forms of drugs disintegrate in the gastrointestinal tract and become soluble before being absorbed in circulation |
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Term
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Definition
| Any chemical that affects the physiologic process of a living organism |
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Definition
| Alteration in the pharmacologic or pharmacokinetic activity of a given drug caused by the presence of one or more additional drugs; it is usually related to effects on the enzymes required for metabolism of the involved drugs |
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Definition
| The processes involved in the interaction between a drug and body cells; mechanism of action |
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Definition
| A method of grouping drugs; may be based on structure or therapeutic use |
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Term
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Definition
| The physiologic reactions of the body to a drug. Can be therapeutic or toxic and describe how the body is affected as a while by the drug. The term onset, peak, and duration are used to describe drug effects |
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Term
| Drug induced teratogenesis |
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Definition
| The development of congenital anomalies or defects in the developing fetus caused by the toxic effects of drugs |
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Term
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Definition
| The length of time the concentration of a drug in the blood or tissues is sufficient to elicit a response |
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Term
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Definition
| Protein molecules that catalyze one or more of a variety of biochemical reactions, including those related to the body's physiologic processes as well as those related to drug metabolism |
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Definition
| The initial metabolism in the liver of a drug absorbed by from the Gi tract before the reaches systemic circulation through the blood stream |
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Definition
| THe name given to a drug by the United States Adopted Names Council. Also called the nonproprietary name. Much shorter and simpler than the chemical name and is not protected by trademark |
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Term
| Glucose-6-phospate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency |
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Definition
| A hereditary condition in which red blood cells break down when the body is exposed to certain drugs |
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Term
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Definition
| In pharmacokinetics, the time required for half of an administered dose of a drug to be eliminated by the body, or the time it takes for the blood level of a drug to be reduced by 50% |
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Term
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Definition
| An abnormal and unexpected response to a medication, other than an allergic reaction, that is peculiar to an individual patient |
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Definition
| The characteristic that causes two parenteral drugs or solutions to undergo a reaction when mixed or given together that results in the chemical deterioration of at least one of the drugs |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| Any preventable adverse drug event involving inappropriate medication use by a patient or health care professional; it may or may not cause patient harm |
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Term
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Definition
| The prescribing, dispensing, and administering of medications, and the monitoring of their effects |
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Term
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Definition
| A chemical form of a drug that is the product of one or more biochemical reactions involving the parent drug. Active metabolites are those that have pharmacologic activity of their own, even if the parent drug is inactive. Inactive metabolites lack pharmacologic activity and are simply drug waste products awaiting excretion from the body |
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Term
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Definition
| The time required for a drug to elicit a therapeutic response after dosing |
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Term
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Definition
| The chemical form of a drug that is administered before it is metabolized by the body's biochemical reactions into its active or inactive metabolites. A parent drug that is not pharmacologically active itself is called a prodrug. A prodrug is then metabolized to pharmacologically active metabolites |
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Term
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Definition
| The time required for a drug to reach its maximum therapeutic response in the body |
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Term
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Definition
| The maximum concentration of a drug in the body after administration, usually measured in a blood sample for therapeutic drug monitoring |
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Definition
| The science of preparing and dispensing drugs, including dosage form design |
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Term
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Definition
| The study of the biochemical and physiologic interactions of drugs at their sites of activity. It examines the physiochemical properties of drugs and their pharmacologic interactions with body receptors |
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Term
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Definition
| The study of economic factors impacting the cost of drug therapy |
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Term
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Definition
| The study of the influence of genetic factors on drug response, including the nature of genetic aberrations that result in the absence, overabundance, or insufficiency of drug-metabolizing enzymes. |
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Term
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Definition
| The study of drugs that are obtained from natural plant and animal sources |
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Term
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Definition
| The study of what happens to a drug from the time it is put into the body until the parent drug and all metabolites have left the body. Pharmacokinetics represent the drug absorption into, distribution, and metabolism within, and excretion from the body |
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Term
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Definition
| The broadest term for the study of science of drugs |
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Definition
| The treatment of pathologic conditions through the use of drugs |
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Term
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Definition
| An inactive drug dosage form that is converted to an active metabolite by various biochemical reactions once it is inside the body |
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Term
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Definition
| A molecular structure within or on the outer surface of a cell. Receptors bind specific substances and one or more corresponding cellular effects occurs as a result of this drug-receptor interaction |
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Term
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Definition
| The physiologic state in which the amount of drug removed via elimination is equal to the amount of drug absorbed with each dose |
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Definition
| Substances on which enzymes act |
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Term
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Definition
| Drug interactions in which the effect of a combination of two or more drugs with similar actions is greater than the sum of the individual effects of the same drugs given alone (1+1>2) |
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Term
| Therapeutic drug monitoring |
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Definition
| The process of measuring drug levels to identify a patients drug exposure and to allow adjustment of dosages with the goals of maximizing therapeutic effects and minimizing toxicity |
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Term
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Definition
| The desired or intended effect of a particular medication |
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Term
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Definition
| The ratio between the toxic and therapeutic concentrations of a drug |
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Definition
| Reduced response to a drug after prolonged use |
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Definition
| The quality of being poisonous |
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Definition
| The condition of producing adverse bodily effects due to poisonous qualities |
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Term
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Definition
| The study of poisons, including toxic drug effects, and applicable treatments |
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Term
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Definition
| The commercial name given to a drug product by its manufacturer; proprietary name |
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Term
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Definition
| The lowest concentration of drug reached in the body after it falls from its peak level, usually measured in a blood sample for therapeutic drug monitoring |
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