Term
Amoxicillin (caps and tabs)
Brand, indication, dose and notes |
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Definition
Amoxil capsule/tablets
Various (adults), gram (-) and some gram (+)
500 mg q8h to 875 mg q12hr
Take on empty stomach, drink with water after chewable tabs
Excreted unchanged
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Term
Amoxicillin (suspension)
Brand, indication, doses and notes |
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Definition
Amoxil suspension
Otitis media in children
Low dose: 40 mg/kg divided q8-12hr
High dose: 90 mg/kg divided q8-12hr
Take on empty stomach |
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Term
Amoxicillin + Clavulanate
Brand, indications, doses and notes |
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Definition
Augmentin - various (adult)
Low: 250mg q8h; Med: 500 mg q8-12h; Hi: 875mg q12h
Augmentin ES-600 - Otitis media in children
High dose: 90 mg/kg divided q12h (Clav < 10 mg/kg/day)
Tell patient it will not taste well
Augmentin XR 1000 - Sinusitis/Comm-acq pneumonia
2 tabs q12h
**Take at the start of the meal! less GI effects, clavulanic acid absorption
**All clavulanic acid NOT > 10 mg/kg/day
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Term
Penicillin V potassium (Pen VK)
Brand, indications, doses and notes |
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Definition
Veetids
Various (adult) gram (+) aerobic/anaerobic cocci - 250-500 mg q6-8hr
Endocarditis prophylaxis (Dental/surgical procedures)
2 grams prior, 500mg q6h x 8 doses after
Take on empty stomach
Adverse effects- N/V, diarrhea, HIVES, RASH |
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Term
Dicloxacillin
Brand, indication, doses and notes |
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Definition
Dicloxacillin
Staphylococcal infections (skin infections, penicillinase-producing staphylococci) - 250-500 mg q6hr
Take on empty stomach |
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Term
Cephalexin (caps/tabs)
Brand, indication, doses and notes |
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Definition
Keflex (caps/tabs)
1st generation
Adult indication, pharyngitis, skin/skin structure infections
Dose schedule 2: 500 mg q8-12
Dose schedule 3: 1000 mg q6h
Take on empty stomach |
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Term
Cefuroxime (suspension)
Brand, indication, doses and notes |
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Definition
Ceftin suspension
2nd generation
Child otitis media
< 2 y/o: 30 mg/kg/day divided q12h
Take the suspension with food |
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Term
Cefuroxime (tablets)
Brand, indication and dose |
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Definition
Ceftin (tabs)
2nd generation
Adult Lower and Upper Resp. Tract Infections
250-500 mg q12hr
without regard to meals |
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Term
Cefprozil
Brand, indication, doses and notes |
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Definition
Cefzil
2nd generation
Adult Lower and Upper Resp-Tract infections
Otitis media
500 mg q12hr
Take on empty stomach |
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Term
Cefdinir (capsules and suspension)
Brand, indication, dose and notes |
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Definition
Omnicef
3rd generation
Capsules: Adult Lower/Upper Resp. Tract Infections (pharyngitis, tonsilitis)
300 mg q12hr
(Comm. acq pneumonia = q12hr)
Susp: Child otitis media
14 mg/kg/day in 1-2 div doses
Drug Interactions- Al, Mg, Fe
Adverse Effects- discolored stools
Consultation- avoid antacids/iron within 2 hours |
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Term
Erythromycin
Brand, indications, doses and notes |
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Definition
Erythromycin and Ery-Tab
Adult Lower/Upper Resp Tract Infections
250 mg q6hr to 500 mg q12h
Endocarditis prophylaxis (for dental/surgical procedures)
1 gram prior; 500 mg q6h for 8 doses after
Take with food or milk
Filmtabs vs enteric-coated. Base and salt forms exist and are not interchangable
CYP P450 inhibition |
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Term
Clarithromycin
Brand, indication, doses and notes |
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Definition
Biaxin 250, 500 (XL 500)
Adult Lower/Upper Resp tract infections (acute excerbation of chronic bronchitis, CAP (H.flu, S.pneumo, M.pneumo, C.pneumo))
Low dose: 250 mg q12hr
Dose schedule 2: 500 mg q12h or 1000 mg XL q24 hr
PK- nonlinear
XL with food (absorption)
Regular tabs without regard to food |
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Term
Azithromycin (tabs and suspension)
Brand, indications, doses and notes |
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Definition
Zithromax/Z-max suspension
Adult Respiratory (CAP) - 500 mg x 1 day; 250 mg x 4 days
Otitis media in children
Dose 1: 10 mg/kg/day x 1 day; then 5 mg/kg/d x 4 days
Dose 2: 10 mg/kg/day for 3 days
Dose 3: 30 mg/kg/day x 1 day
PK- biliary excretion/long terminal half-life
DI- antacids
Pt Consultation- without regard to meals, avoid antacids |
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Term
Telithromycin
Brand, indication, doses and notes |
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Definition
Ketek
(ketolide)
Severe adult CAP (multi-drug resistant S.pneumo plus H.flu, M.catarrhalis, C.pneumo, M.pneumo), acute excerbation of chronic bronchitis
800 mg (2 x 400 mg) daily
**BBW 2007 - patient med guide required because of hepatotoxicity
risk for QT interval prolongation - avoid with any condition or drug predisposing to QT interval prolongation
Adverse effects- diarrhea, nausea, rare incidence of serious visual disturbances
Pt consult- report severe/persistant diarrhea or fainting |
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Term
Ciprofloxacin
Brand, indications, doses and notes |
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Definition
Cipro/Ciprofloxacin ER
UTI: 250-500 mg q12hr
Abdominal: 500 mg po or 400 mg IV q 12hr + metronidazole
Resp: 500-750 mg q12hr
Covers gram (-) pneumonia, NOT gram (+) or atypical pathogens, some anti-pseudomonal
Take with ample water
CI- tizanidine (zanaflex) |
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Term
Levofloxacin
Brand, indications, doses and notes |
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Definition
Levaquin
UTI: 250 mg qd
Resp (CAP including atypical pathogens): 500-750 mg qd
Nosocomial: 750 mg qd
Take with ample water |
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Term
Moxifloxacin
Brand, indication, doses and notes |
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Definition
Avelox
Respiratory/Upper Respiratory (chronic bronchitis, CAP including atypical pathogens)
400 mg qd
Take with ample water
Precautions- risk for QT interval prolongation
Adverse effects- sun sensitivity but less likely than other fluoroquinolones |
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Term
Tetracycline
Brand, indications, doses and notes |
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Definition
Tetracycline (Sumycin)
Acne: 125-500 mg/day
Resp (atypical pneumoia): 250-500 mg BID-QID
Prefer on empty stomach; food may be needed though
also for rickettsiae infection and chlamydia trachomatis infection |
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Term
Doxycycline
Brand, indications, doses and notes |
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Definition
Vibramycin
Malaria: 100 mg qd
Resp (atypical pneumo): 100 mg BID
Prefer on empty stomach; food may be needed though
also for rickettsiae infection, chlamydia trachomatis infection, and malaria prophylaxis |
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Term
Minocycline
Brand, indication, doses and notes |
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Definition
Minocin
Adult respiratory (atypical pneumo) and skin/skin structure infections
100 mg BID
Prefer on empty stomach; food may be needed though
also for rickettsiae infections and chlamydia trachomatis infection |
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Term
Sulfamethoxazole + Trimethoprim
Brand, indications, doses and notes |
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Definition
Bactrim/DS
Acute UTI: 1 DS tab BID x 3d (Can treat 10-14 days prn)
Skin infection w/ abscess, suspect CA-MRSA:
2 DS tabs BID +/- Rifampin
Take on empty stomach and with ample water
also for acute otitis media
DO NOT DISPENSE BACTRIM TO A PT ON WARFARIN WITHOUT CONTACTING THE PHYSICIAN OR ASSURING THE PT WILL BE MONITORED WITHIN 72 HRS
Adverse effects- photosensitivity, diarrhea, RASH |
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Term
Nitrofurantoin
Brands, indications, doses and notes |
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Definition
Macrobid capsules (monohydrate): Acute Treatment of UTI
100 mg q12h x 7 days
Macrodantin caps: Supression of UTI (maintenance)
50-100 mg qdhs
Take with food, may cause urine discoloration
DI- Mg salts
Precautions- impaired renal function, pulmonary concerns with long-term tx (>6 months)
Adverse effects- NAUSEA, diarrhea, headache |
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Term
Metronidazole (tabs and gel)
Brand, indication, doses and notes |
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Definition
Flagyl - Trichomoniasis:
250 mg TID x 7 days OR
1 day treatment: 2 grams in 1-2 doses
**Sex partner requires treatment; avoid alcohol
Metrogel Vaginal - bacterial vaginosis
1 applicator qd-BID x 5 days
(qd dose should be at bedtime)
Drug/food interactions- WARFARIN, alcohol
Precautions- organic CNS disease, severe hepatic impairment
Adverse effects- nausea, diarrhea, cramping, metallic taste, seizure risk
Pt consult- take with food or milk, avoid alcohol during and 24 hrs after therapy (conservative 72 hrs), avoid intercourse during vaginal therapy |
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Term
Clindamycin
Brand, indication, doses and notes |
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Definition
Cleocin
intra-abdom infections, anaerobes, Serious infections of Gram (+) or anaerobes
150-450 mg q6hr
DI: erythromycin (decreases efficacy of both)
Precautions: risk of pseudomembranous colitis
AE: N/D, abdom pain
Pt consult: Take with ample water; Promptly report diarrhea
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Term
Vancomycin (capsules/injection)
Brand, indications and doses |
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Definition
Vancomycin capsules - C. difficile colitis:
500-2000 mg divided TID-QID
Vancomycin injection - MRSA organisms:
15-20 mg/kg
(interval based on CrCl)
PO: c diff, IV: MRSA
PK: oral - minimal abs., IV - high renal elim
DI: concomitant nephrotoxins
Precautions: infusion rxns (Red-man syndrome so infuse for no less than 1 hour to avoid), renal insuff.
AE: concern for nephro and ototoxicity/phlebitis (IV) |
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Term
Fidaxomicin
Brand, indication and dose |
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Definition
Dificid
oral
C difficile associated diarrhea
200 mg BID x 10 days
Pharmacology: bacteriocidal macrolide
PK: minimal absorption, primarily fecal elim
DI: low potential
AE: N, GI discomfort
Pt consult: emphasize adherence (typically 10d trx) |
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Term
Telavancin
Brand, indication, dose and notes |
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Definition
Vibativ
Complicated Gram (+) skin/structure infections
10 mg/kg over 1hr for 24 hours
Treat for 7-14 days and dose adjust for CrCl < 50 mL/min |
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Term
Ceftaroline
Brand, indications, doses and notes |
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Definition
Teflaro
Acute skin/skin structure infections:
600 mg IV q12hr x 5-14 days
Community acquired pneumonia:
600 mg IV q12hr x 5-7 days
For both: Dose adjust for CrCl < 50 mL/min
not for MRSA and no atypical coverage
CI/precautions: cephalosporin allergy, risk of C diff
DI: minimal (renal excretion)
AE: observe for development of diarrhea |
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Term
Fluconazole
Brand, indications, doses and notes |
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Definition
Diflucan
oral, IV
Vaginal candidiasis: 150 mg qd x 1 dose
Esophageal/systemic candidiasis: 200 or 400 mg qd
(Extend treatment duration needed w/ these indications)
PK: P450, high chance of DI, BAMIF
DI: warfarin - avoid combo or monitor close
Precautions - LFT
AE: N, dizziness |
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Term
Irtaconazole
Brand, indication, doses and notes |
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Definition
Sporanox
Systemic fungal infections: 200 or 400 mg qd
Extended treatment duration generally needed
PK: P450
DI: antacids, acid suppressant, enzyme inducers, statins, WARFARIN
CI/precautions: quinidine/dofetilide, CHF (negative inotrope, will exacerbate), LFT
AE: N, rash, HA, edema
Pt consult: take with food or acidi bev.; avoid antacids, surveil for cardiac/hepatic AE |
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Term
Ketoconazole
Brand, indication, doses and notes |
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Definition
Ketoconazole
available oral, cream, shampoo (ind's: system cadidiasis; recalcitrant cutaneous fungal infections)
Systemic fungal infections: 200 or 400 mg qd
Extended treatment duration generally needed
PK: P450
DI: antacids, acid suppressants, enzyme inducers, statins
CI/precautions: hepatotoxicity - LFT monitoring
AE: N, skin irritation (topical)
PT consult: take with food and/or acidic beverage; avoid antacids, surveil for hepatic AE |
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Term
Nystatin (topical)
Brand, indication, doses and dosage forms |
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Definition
Nystatin Topical
Cutaneous/mucocutaneous fungal infection:
Apply to affected areas BID-TID
Forms: Powder, cream and ointment (100k units/g)
relif in a few days, but not immediately
topical powder to wet areas, btwn toes/intertrig areas
cream - intertrig areas
ointment - not intertrig |
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Term
Griseofulvin
Brand, indication, doses and notes |
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Definition
Griseofulvin
Fungal infections of skin, hair and nails
Adults: 500-1000 mg qd or in divided doses
Pediatrics: weight-based dosing
Duration dependent on location of the infection
DI: decreased effect of warfarin and oral contraceptives
AE: skin rash/urticaria, nausea, photosensitivity
Pt consult: take with food / renal, hepatic, and blood cell monitoring may be needed for longer therapies, may get skin necrosis with extended therapy (watch for rash) |
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Term
Mupirocin (topical)
Brand, indications, doses and dosage forms |
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Definition
Bactroban topical
Cutaneous impetigo: AAA TID
Nasal MRSA: 1/2 tube each nostril BID x 5 days
Forms: 2% ointment; 2% cream; 1 gram tubes for nasal
AE: topical irritation; nasal ointment may cause HA, rhinitis, congestions
Pt consult: apply small amt. to affected area(s) but do NOT rub in, do not use nasal ointment with other nasal meds,
Pt educ: squeeze together nasal folds repeatedly for 1 min following treatment |
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Term
Terbinafine (tablets and topical)
Brand, indications, doses and notes |
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Definition
Lamisil Tablets
Onychomycosis (fungal nail infection): 250 mg qd
(Treat 6 weeks for fingernails; 12 weeks for toenails)
Lamisil Topical
Tinea infections - Treat for 7-28 days
For cruris (jock itch) and corporis (ring worm): apply qd
For pedis: apply BID
DI: cimetidine - (increases lvls of lamisil)
Precautions: skin rxns, pre-existing liver disease (baseline LFT needs to be done)
AE: Diarrhea, dyspepsia; RASH (w/ PO use), local irritation (topical)
PT consult: take with food, surveil for signs of liver dysfx or rash (if rash appears DC immediately) |
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Term
Spinosad
Brand, indication, dose and notes |
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Definition
Natroba Topical (0.9% suspension) - Head lice infestation
Dose: Apply up to 120 mL to cover hair and scalp
indications: head lice in patients > 4 y/o
Pharmacology: pediculocidal, ovicidal
PK: spinosad serum lvls below significant detectable limits in indicated age range
AE: application site redness/irritation
PT consult: 1. for topical use only. 2. shake suspension well. 3. cover DRY scalp and DRY hair. 4. leave on for 10 mins and then rinse thoroughly with warm water. 5. observte for additional live lice after 7 days. 6. adjunct lice mgmt: (launder everything in hot water, can't use Spinosad to spray on furniture)
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Term
Acylcovir
Brand, indications, doses and notes |
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Definition
Zovirax- Herpes infections
oral dosage indications
Genital tx (??): 200 mg q4h (5 doses/day) x 5 days
Genital supression: 400 mg BID x 1 year
Zoster (Shingles): 800 mg q4hr (5 doses/day) x 10 days
also available topical and IV
PK: renal elim.
CI/precaution: renal disease, dehydration
AE: N/V (oral admin)
Pt consult: Take with ample water, can cause crystallization of urine |
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Term
Valacyclovir
Brand, indications, doses and notes |
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Definition
Valtrex - Herpes infections
Genital tx: 1 gram BID x 10 days
Genital suppression: 500-1000 mg qd
Zoster (shingles): 1 gram TID x 7 days
PK: metabolized to acyclovir; renal elim
CI/precautions: renal disease, dehydration
AE: HA, N/D, fatigue
Pt consult: drink ample fluids |
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Term
Famciclovir
Brand, indications, doses and notes |
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Definition
Famvir - Herpes infections
Genital treatment: 1 gram BID x 1 day
Genital suppression: 250 mg BID x 1 year
Zoster (shingles): 500 mg q8hr x 7 days
Pt consult: Take with ample water
PK: renal
CI/precaution: renal disease, dehydration
AE: HA, N/D, fatigue
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Term
Oseltamivir
Brand, indications, doses and notes |
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Definition
Tamiflu
Influenza treatment for adults (outpatient):
75 mg BID x 5 days
(must be symptomatic < 2 days for best results)
Prophylaxis of influenza within 48 hours of exposure for patients > 13 y/o: 75 mg qd x 10 days
(Community outbreaks; can be given for 6 weeks total)
AE: N/V
Pt consult: start w/in 2 days of sx onset if used for trx |
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Term
Rifampin
Brand, indications, doses and notes |
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Definition
Rifampin
Tuberculosis: 10 mg/kg/day
(Maximum 600 mg daily for adults)
CA-MRSA: 600 mg/day or 300 mg BID + Bactrim
Generally combined with other agents
NOTES: Eradication of N. meningtidis from nasopharynx, can be combined with Bactrim for certain community derm infections (MSSA/MRSA),
DI: CYP P450 enzyme INDUCER; oral contraceptives may become ineffective
Warnings: red/orange discolor of secretion/urine, potential Hepatotoxicity
Pt. Consult: take 1h AC or 2h PC (bioavail decreases w/ food), soft contact lense may become permanently stained (wear eye glasses instead) |
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