Term
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Definition
Latanoprost is for open-angle glaucoma. It is a prostaglandin analog that increases the outflow of aqueous humor. It sometimes causes a brown pigmentation of the iris. If unopened, it should be stored in the refridgerator. After opening, refridgeration is not required. |
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Definition
| Bimatoprost is for open-angle glaucoma. It is a prostaglandin analog that increases the outflow of aqueous humor. It may cause brown pigmentation in the iris. |
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Term
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Definition
| Travaprost is for open-angle glaucoma. It is a prostaglandin analog that increases the outflow of aqueous humor. It may cause a brown pigmentation in the iris. |
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Term
| What is the difference b/t maintenance & acute (aka rescue) asthma medications? |
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Definition
| Maintenance meds reduce inflammation (they are for prevention). They must be taken daily. They will not provide quick relief. Rescue meds treat acute asthma attacks or bronchospasms. |
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Term
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Definition
| Montelukast is used for maintenance of asthma and allergic rhinitis. It is a leukotriene receptor antagonist that must be taken daily. |
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Term
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Definition
| Zafirlukast is for maintenance of asthma. It is a leukotriene receptor antagonist that must be taken on an empty stomach. Food will decrease absorption by 40%. |
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Term
Inhaled steroids are for TX of therapy of asthma/allergic rhinitis Systemic steroids are for TX of therapy of asthma/allergic rhinitis |
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Definition
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Term
| Cortef, Cortenemia, Solu-Cortef |
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Definition
| Hydrocortisone is an anti-inflammatory used for endocrine disorders and inflammatory disorders. Side effects include GI upset, N/V, & insomnia. Cushing's syndrome (rapid wt gain, moon face) may occur w/ long-term usage. |
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Term
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Definition
| Prednisone is an anti-inflammatory used for short-term TX of allergic and inflammatory diseases (specifically respiratory). Prednisone is metabolized to the biologically active prednisolone. (prednisolone, then, is used when the pt has hepatic insufficiency) |
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Term
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Definition
| Prednisolone is a anti-inflammatory used for allergic and inflammatory diseases. Be cautious when dosing prednisolone due to the different concentrations that are available. They are often dosed mg/kg. Grape flavor is available. |
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Term
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Definition
| Methylprednisolone is an anti-inflammatory used for short-term TX of allergic & inflammatory diseases. It comes in form of a dosepak. The dosepak gives a burst of steroid; then, the doses taper off. |
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Term
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Definition
| Dexamethasone is an anti-inflammatory used for allergic & inflammatory diseases. Decadron has many dosage forms: dosepak, tablet, injectable, & oral soln. Be careful with the oral soln, b/c it may be 1.0 mg/mL or 0.5 mg/mL. |
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Term
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Definition
| Betamethasone is an anti-inflammatory used for allergic and inflammatory diseases. It is available in a topical cream, a topical foam, or multiple injectable salt forms. |
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Term
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Definition
| Triamcinolone is for the chronic TX of asthma. After each use, it is important that the pt rinse out there mouth after use to prevent thrush. It has a built-in spacer device. |
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Term
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Definition
| Fluticasonse is used for the chronic TX of asthma and allergic rhinitis. This is not for PRN TX. |
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Definition
| Fluticasone/Salmeterol is a steroid/LAB2A combination. It can be used for the chronic TX of asthma or for the chronic TX of COPD w/ bronchitis. The 250/50 strength is specific for chronic TX of COPD pts w/ bronchitis. Be sure to tell the pt to rinse their mouth after each use. |
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Term
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Definition
| Budesonide is the generic name for both medications. It is a steroid. Rhinocort AQ is for the TX of allergic rhinitis. Pulmicort is for the chronic TX of asthma. Pulmicort is available as an inhaler and also as respules for a nebulizer. Be sure to tell pt to rinse their mouth w/ both of these medications. |
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Term
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Definition
| Beclomethasone is the generic name. QVAR is for chronic asthma. Beclonase AQ is for rhinitis. Be sure to tell pts to rinse their mouth after use. |
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Term
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Definition
Mometasone is available as a ung/crm/lotion (Elocon) or as an inhaler (nasonex). Elocon is for dermatoses (a general term for any disease of the skin). Nasonex is used for allergic rhinitis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Fludricortisone is a steroid used for replacement therapy in Addison's disease. It's also used to minimize the development of hyperkalemia. MOA: it promotes increased Na reabsorption and K loss from the distal renal tubule. It is important, then, for fluid retention/edema to be monitored. |
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Term
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Definition
| Spironolactone is a K-sparing diuretic used for HTN. It's also used for edema caused by CHF or cirrhosis. MOA: It competes w/ aldosterone for receptors in the distal renal tubule, so it increases excretion of Na, Cl, & water while conserving K & hydrogen ions. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ibuprofen is an NSAID used for pain and/or arthritis. It should be taken w/ food & w/o alcohol. |
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Term
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Definition
| Flurbiprofen is an NSAID used for rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. |
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Term
Anaprox/Anaprox DS Naprosyn/EC-Naprosyn |
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Definition
| Naproxen sodium is used for moderate pain. It has a faster peak than naproxen base. Naproxen base is used for arthritic conditions, not acute pain. |
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Term
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Definition
| Indomethacin is an NSAID used for RA, OA, & gout. It should always be taken with meals or after meals. There is an IV formulation that is used for patent ductus arteriosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Piroxicam is an NSAID used for arthritis. It's advantage is that is has a long half-life of 50 hours. |
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Term
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Definition
| Meloxicam is an NSAID used for osteoarthritis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Diclofenac is an NSAID used for arthritis |
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Term
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Definition
| Sulindac is a prodrug. It is an NSAID used for arthritis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Etodolac is an NSAID used for minor pain or arthritis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ketorolac is an NSAID used for moderate to severe acute pain. It should never be used for more than 5 days to avoid side effects like ulcers & internal bleeding. |
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Term
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Definition
Oxaprozin is an NSAID used for RA or OA. Try to look at the last 2 letters of Daypro (r & o) to remind you that Daypro is for RA & OA. |
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Term
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Definition
| Nabumetone is a prodrug. It is an NSAID used for OA/RA. |
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Term
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Definition
| Celecoxib is a COX-2 inhibitor used for OA/RA. It is contraindicated in pts w/ sulfonamide allergies. |
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Term
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Definition
| is a combination of diclofenac/misoprostol. The diclofenac is an NSAID for arthritis, & the misoprostol is a PGE1 analog that protect patients at high risk for NSAID-induced ulcers. This drug is contraindicated in pregnant women. |
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Term
| What are some narcotic counseling points? |
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Definition
Avoid alcohol use Take w/ food or milk to lessen nausea Take on schedule for chonic pain TX Possible adverse effects are nausea, drowsiness, dizziness, &/or narcosis (unconsciousness). Constipation may occur with long-term use. |
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Term
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Definition
| Propoxyphene/APAP is an opioid analgesic/APAP combination used for mild to moderate pain. No more than 6 Darvocet 100/650 per day. Darvocet is a C IV. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hydrocodone/APAP is a opioid analgesic/APAP combination used for moderate to moderately severe pain. Lortab is a C III. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hydrocodone/Ibuprofen is an opioid analgesic/NSAID combination drug used for acute pain (short-term); it is not indicated for chronic conditions. It is a C III. |
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Term
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Definition
| Morphine sulfate is a pure opioid analgesic used for moderate to severe chronic pain. MS contin is for sustained release. MS IR is immediate release. Constipation is to be expected. Do not crush the tablet. MS is a C II. |
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Term
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Definition
| Oxycodone is a pure opioid analgesic for moderate to severe chronic pain. Oxycontin is the sustained release version; Oxy IR is immediate release. Constipation is to be anticipated. Do not crush the tablets. Oxycodone is a C II. |
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Term
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Definition
| Percocet is Oxycodone/APAP. Percodan is Oxycodone/aspirin. This drug is used for moderate to moderately severe pain. If percocet is used, consider the max APAP limit. If percodan is used, consider bleeding concerns. |
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Term
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Definition
Codeine/APAP is an opioid analgesic/APAP combination used for mild to moderate pain. Tylenol #2 tabs (15/300) Tylenol #3 tabs (30/300) This drug is a C III. |
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Term
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Definition
| Tramadol is an analgesic used for mild to moderately severe pain. It should not be taken w/ TCAs or SSRIs. In addition, it should not be given to pts who have a history of opioid addiction. |
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Term
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Definition
| Tramadol/APAP is used for short-term mgmt of acute pain. It shouldn't be given to pts taking TCAs or SSRIs. In addition, it shouldn't be given to pts w/ a prior history of opioid addiction. |
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Term
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Definition
| Fentanyl is a pure opioid analgesic used for chronic pain. It comes in form of a patch. Doses > 50 mcg should only be given to opioid-tolerant patients. So, no more than 25 mcg/day in opioid naive pts. An additional med may be required for acute pain relief. Constipation must be anticipated. Do not cut the patch. |
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Term
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Definition
| Meperidine is a pure opioid analgesic used for moderate to severe chronic pain. It shouldn't be used in the elderly &/or in people w/ renal failure. Constipation should be anticipated. There is a risk of seizures. It is a C II. |
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Term
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Definition
| Butorphanol is a mixed agonist/antagonist opioid analgesic. The IV formulation is used for acute pain, & the nasal form is used for migraines. It shouldn't be used in opioid-dependent pts, b/c there is potential for physical withdrawal symptoms. It is a C IV. |
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Term
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Definition
| Talwin NX is a combination of Pentazocine & Naloxone. Pentazocine is an opioid agonist/antagonist. Naloxone is an opioid antagonist. The Naloxone is given to prevent abuse. Talwin is given as an oral tablet. The naloxone has poor bioavailability, but Talwin NX cannot be given as IV, b/c the naloxone will block the petazocine. Talwin NX is a C IV. |
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Term
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Definition
| Gabapentin is an anti-epileptic. It is used as adjunctive therapy in seizure disorders. It is also used for neuropathic pain. It is highly renally eliminated, so dosage adjustments should be made if the pt has renal impairment. Somnolence (sleepiness) is the main adverse effect. When starting this drug, the dose should be titrated. Before stopping this drug sure, the dose should be tapered. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pregabalin is commonly used for neuropathic pain. It can also be used as an adjunct for seizure disorders. The primary side effect is somnolence (sleepiness). When starting this drug, the dose should be titrated. When stopping this drug, the dose should be tapered. |
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Term
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Definition
| Carbamazepine is primarily an antieleptic used for seizures. It also has an un-labeled use for neuropathic pain. It has many drug interactions. It induces its own metabolism. |
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Term
| Nicoderm, nicorette, nicotrol |
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Definition
| These are nicotine replacement products used for smoking cessation |
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Term
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Definition
| Varenicline is used for smoking cessation. The pt should plan their quit day. The pharmacist should go over the dosing schedule w/ the pt. There are numerous side effects. |
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Term
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Definition
| Buproprion is used for smoking cessation. The pt should plan their quit day, & the pharmacist should review the dosing schedule with the patient. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ondansetron is a very expensive antiemetic used for chemotherapy-induced N/V. It is also used for prevention of PONV (post-operative) |
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Term
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Definition
| Promethazine is an antihistamine/antiemetic used to control N/V. Drowsiness is a common side effect. There is a black box warning saying this drug should not be given to children < than 2, b/c it can cause fatal respiratory depression. |
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Term
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Definition
| Prochlorperazine is a phenothiazine derivative that is typically used for severe N/V. It can also be used as an antipsychotic. Drowsiness is a common side effect. A person may experience abnormal muscle tone due to prolonged use or if they take excessive doses. Compazine comes in multiple dosage forms including SR spansules. |
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Term
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Definition
| Metoclopramide is primarily an anti-emetic used for N/V. It prevents N/V by inhibiting dopamine activity. It's other indications are for diabetic gastroparesis & symptomatic GERD. When used for these indications, it should be taken 30 min ac. Drowsiness is a common side effect, & abnormal muscle tone may occur w/ prolonged use. |
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Term
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Definition
| Meclizine is an antihistamine/antiemetic/antivertigo agent used for motion sickness/vestibular imbalance. Drowsiness & dry mouth are common side effects. Meclizine is available OTC as Bonine. |
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Term
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Definition
| Diphenolxylate/atropine is an adjunct in the mgmt of diarrhea. If it's not effective w/in 48 hrs, the pt should d/c the drug. Common side effects are drowsiness and dry mouth. Lomotil is a C V medication. |
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Term
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Definition
| Loperamide is an anti-diarrheal that is available OTC. Dosing is done in accordance to stool frequency. The max OTC dose is 4 tabs/day. |
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Term
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Definition
Shake inhaler for 5 seconds If its your 1st time or you haven't used it in a while, spray it into the air 1st Sit up straight or stand & lift your chin Take a few deep breaths & exhale slowly Seal your lips around mouth piece Breathe in slowly & deeply Simultaneously press down the canister Continue to breathe in deeply Hold your breath for 10 seconds if you can If you need another puff, wait 1 minute |
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Term
How do you use an inhaler w/ a spacer? |
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Definition
Shake inhaler for 5 seconds If it's your first time or if you haven't used it in a while, spray it into the air first Sit up straight or stand & lift your chin Put the mouthpiece of the inhaler into the small end of the spacer Seal your lips around the spacer tube If the spacer comes w/ a mask, hold the mask around your face Exhale normally, not forcefully Press the button on the canister to release the medicine Breath in slowly & deeply for 4-6 seconds Hold your breath for 10 seconds if you can & repeat 2 or 3 times with the mouthpiece still in your mouth If you need another puff, wait at least 30 seconds |
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Term
How do you use a Dry Powder Inhaler? |
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Definition
Load your dose Turn your head to the right & exhale as much as you can Seal your lips around the DPI Breathe in deep & fast Hold breath for 10 seconds Slowly breathe out If your dr told you to take more than 1 puff, wait 1 minute before each puff Be sure to put your cap back on your DPI |
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Term
| How do you use a spiriva handihaler? |
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Definition
Open the dust cap Open the mouthpiece Place a capsule in the center chamber Close the mouthpiece until it clicks Press the green button & release it to puncture the capsule Breath out completely & be sure to never breathe into the mouthpiece Breathe in slowly and deeply until your lungs are full (be sure you can hear the capsule vibrate) Hold your breath as long as comfortably possible Resume normal breathing Take a couple more inhalations to ensure you received all of the medication throw the capsule away |
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Term
| How should you use ear drops? |
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Definition
Wash your hands Don't touch your ear with the dropper It would be best if someone else could do it for you If the drops are in suspension form, shake them for 10 seconds Lie on your side or tilt your head to the side For adults, pull the earlobe up & back For children, pull the earlobe down & back Instill the prescribed # of drops Keep your ear tilted for 2-5 minutes or insert a cotton plug |
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Term
| How should eye drops be administered? |
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Definition
Wash your hands Tilt your head back Form a pouch with your lower eyelid Don't touch the dropper to your eye Look up before instilling the drop Look down after instilling the drop for a few secnds Gently close your eyes Apply pressure to the inside corner of your eye for 3-5 minutes If you have another type of eyedrop to be used, wait at least 5 minutes |
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Term
| How should you administer an ophthalmic ointment? |
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Definition
Wash your hands Warm the ung w/ your hands When you first open the tube, squeeze out 1/4 inch, b/c it may be too dry Tilt your head back Form a pouch w/ your lower eyelid Squeeze 1/4 to 1/2 inch into the eyelid using a sweeping motion Close your eye & roll your eye around for a minute or two You may have some blurry vision for a little while If you have a different type of ung to use, wait about 10 minutes before applying it |
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