Term
|
Definition
- generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
- panic disorder
- phobic disorder
- OCD
- PTSD |
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Term
|
Definition
| lowers excitement and clams the awake patient |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| produces drowsiness and promotes sleep |
|
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Term
| Sedative Hypnotic Agents (4) |
|
Definition
1) barbiturates
2) other sedative/hypnotics
3) benzodiazepines
4) bensodiazepine-related |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
reversibly suppress the activity of the CNS along a dose-dependent contimuum
- therapeutic index for seditive effects is low |
|
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Term
|
Definition
- one of "the others" sedative/hypnotic agents
- only used for GAD
- equipotent to diazepam in treatment of anxiety
- should not exceed 60 mg/day
- should not be used with renal or hepatic dysfunction
- slower acting
- low abuse potential
- ADE: dizziness, headache, nervousness, GI upset
- Drug Interactions: + SSRI or + trazodone => serotonin syndrome |
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Term
| Sedative/Hypnotic Pharmacokinetics |
|
Definition
- small therapeutic index
- benzodiazepines have replaced barbituates as hypnotics
- highly LIPID soluable (reach BBB easily)
- can be sequestered in other tissue (slow metabolism and hangover)
- metabolized in LIVER, excreted via KIDNEY |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Barbiturates: potentiate GABA, or prevent release from presynaptic terminals
Benzodiazepines: inhibition at GABA synapses (increase GABA, decrease arousal) |
|
|
Term
| Problems and Adverse Effects Sedative/Hypnotic |
|
Definition
- need for more drug
- onset of withdrawal
- sleepy, psychosis, seizures, DEATHS from benzodiazepine withdrawal from large doses
- drowsiness, hangover, |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- have replaced barbiturates
- diazepam is prototype
- safe and effective at relieving tension and anxiety without hypnosis
- less sedation
- within class differences: onset, persistence, major metabolic breakdown, molecular structure |
|
|
Term
| Benzodiazeine-Related Hypnotics |
|
Definition
- rapid onset, short duration of action, act on GABA receptors, less tolerance and dependence, hypnotics of choice
- lack anxiolytic, anticonvulsant and muscle relaxant properties
- Ambien, Sonata, Lunesta |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Barbiturates
Barbiturate-like
antihistamines
benzodiazepines
Ambien, Sonata, Lunesta |
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|
