Term
| Hormone Replacement Therapy |
|
Definition
Estrogen
-MECH: Maintains bone mass and slows bone loss; decreased osteoclast activity; increased osteoclast apoptosis; decreased apoptosis of osteoblast and osteocytes
-SE: #1 venous thromboembolism, vaginal bleeding, breast tenderness, breast cancer |
|
|
Term
| Hormone Replacement Therapy |
|
Definition
Estrogen
-MECH: Maintains bone mass and slows bone loss; decreased osteoclast activity; increased osteoclast apoptosis; decreased apoptosis of osteoblast and osteocytes
-SE: #1 venous thromboembolism, vaginal bleeding, breast tenderness, breast cancer |
|
|
Term
| Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs) |
|
Definition
-Ralxifene
-MECH: bind to estrogen receptors and have tissue-selective effects. Agonist effect in bone. Antagonist effect in uterine and breast tissue. Reduces resorption of bone. Decreases overall bone turnover.
-CLIN: decreased vertebral fractures, decreased total cholesterol and decreased LDL. Decreased risk of breast cancer
-SE: hot flashes, leg cramps, venous thromboembolism |
|
|
Term
| Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs) |
|
Definition
-Ralxifene
-MECH: bind to estrogen receptors and have tissue-selective effects. Agonist effect in bone. Antagonist effect in uterine and breast tissue. Reduces resorption of bone. Decreases overall bone turnover.
-CLIN: decreased vertebral fractures, decreased total cholesterol and decreased LDL. Decreased risk of breast cancer
-SE: hot flashes, leg cramps, venous thromboembolism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Aledronate, Risedronate, Pamidronate, Ibandronate, Zoledronic acid
-MECH: decreased osteoclast activity; decreased normal and abnormal bone resorption; decreased bone turnover
-ADMIN: all can be given 1x/day or 1x/wk, some 1x/mth
-Pamidronate and Z-acid IV for osteoporosis 2* to cancer
-Z acid is 1x/yr injection for osteoporosis
-CLIN: Osteoporosis, hypercalcemia of malignancy, paget's Dz
-SE: GI disturbances, hypocalcemia, caution in decreased renal fxn |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Aledronate, Risedronate, Pamidronate, Ibandronate, Zoledronic acid
-MECH: decreased osteoclast activity; decreased normal and abnormal bone resorption; decreased bone turnover
-ADMIN: all can be given 1x/day or 1x/wk, some 1x/mth
-Pamidronate and Z-acid IV for osteoporosis 2* to cancer
-Z acid is 1x/yr injection for osteoporosis
-CLIN: Osteoporosis, hypercalcemia of malignancy, paget's Dz
-SE: GI disturbances, hypocalcemia, caution in decreased renal fxn |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Calcitonin-Salmon
-MECH: exogenous calcitonin; binds to and activates osteoclasts; inhibits bone resorption; decreased bone resorption and decreased serum Ca2+ levels
-ADMIN: SC injxn or nasal spray
-CLIN: osteoporosis, paget's Dz
-SE: rhinitis, irritation, epistaxis, HA, arthralgia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Calcitonin-Salmon
-MECH: exogenous calcitonin; binds to and activates osteoclasts; inhibits bone resorption; decreased bone resorption and decreased serum Ca2+ levels
-ADMIN: SC injxn or nasal spray
-CLIN: osteoporosis, paget's Dz
-SE: rhinitis, irritation, epistaxis, HA, arthralgia |
|
|
Term
| Phosphate Binders: Calcium Containing |
|
Definition
-Calcium acetate; Calcium carbonate
-MECH: taken with meals to bind dietary PO4; has to take WITH MEALS
-CLIN: hyperphosphotemia associated with chronic kidney Dz
-SE: hypercalcemia |
|
|
Term
| Phosphate Binders: Calcium Containing |
|
Definition
-Calcium acetate; Calcium carbonate
-MECH: taken with meals to bind dietary PO4; has to take WITH MEALS
-CLIN: hyperphosphotemia associated with chronic kidney Dz
-SE: hypercalcemia |
|
|
Term
| Phosphate Binders: Non-Calcium Containing |
|
Definition
-Sevelamer HCL, Sevelamer Carbonate
-MECH: taken with meals to bind dietary PO4, must take WITH MEALS
-CLIN: hyperphosphotemia - use when calcium-phosphorus factor >55 mg/dl; decreased LDL and increased HDL
SE: hypocalcemia, GI disturbance |
|
|
Term
| Phosphate Binders: Non-Calcium Containing |
|
Definition
-Sevelamer HCL, Sevelamer Carbonate
-MECH: taken with meals to bind dietary PO4, must take WITH MEALS
-CLIN: hyperphosphotemia - use when calcium-phosphorus factor >55 mg/dl; decreased LDL and increased HDL
SE: hypocalcemia, GI disturbance |
|
|
Term
| Phosphate Binders: Vitamin D Analogues |
|
Definition
-Calcitriol, Paricalcitol, Doxercalciferol
-MECH: decreased PTH synthesis = decreased PTH serum concentrations. Increased Ca2+ absorption = decreased PTH secretion
-CLIN: secondary hyperparathyroidism, hypocalcemia (calcitriol)
-SE: hypercalcemia, edema, N/V/D |
|
|
Term
| Phosphate Binders: Vitamin D Analogues |
|
Definition
-Calcitriol, Paricalcitol, Doxercalciferol
-MECH: decreased PTH synthesis = decreased PTH serum concentrations. Increased Ca2+ absorption = decreased PTH secretion
-CLIN: secondary hyperparathyroidism, hypocalcemia (calcitriol)
-SE: hypercalcemia, edema, N/V/D |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Cinacalcet
-MECH: binds to Ca2+ receptor on parathyroid gland, causing a negative feedback suppression of PTH secretion
-CLIN: secondary hyperparathyroidism, hypercalcemia associated with parathyroid carcinoma
-SE: hypocalcemia, N/D, caution on seizure disorders
-CONTRA: do not use if Ca2+ <8.4 mg/dl |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Cinacalcet
-MECH: binds to Ca2+ receptor on parathyroid gland, causing a negative feedback suppression of PTH secretion
-CLIN: secondary hyperparathyroidism, hypercalcemia associated with parathyroid carcinoma
-SE: hypocalcemia, N/D, caution on seizure disorders
-CONTRA: do not use if Ca2+ <8.4 mg/dl |
|
|
Term
| Hormone Replacement Therapy |
|
Definition
Estrogen
-MECH: Maintains bone mass and slows bone loss; decreased osteoclast activity; increased osteoclast apoptosis; decreased apoptosis of osteoblast and osteocytes
-SE: #1 venous thromboembolism, vaginal bleeding, breast tenderness, breast cancer |
|
|
Term
| Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs) |
|
Definition
-Ralxifene
-MECH: bind to estrogen receptors and have tissue-selective effects. Agonist effect in bone. Antagonist effect in uterine and breast tissue. Reduces resorption of bone. Decreases overall bone turnover.
-CLIN: decreased vertebral fractures, decreased total cholesterol and decreased LDL. Decreased risk of breast cancer
-SE: hot flashes, leg cramps, venous thromboembolism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Aledronate, Risedronate, Pamidronate, Ibandronate, Zoledronic acid
-MECH: decreased osteoclast activity; decreased normal and abnormal bone resorption; decreased bone turnover
-ADMIN: all can be given 1x/day or 1x/wk, some 1x/mth
-Pamidronate and Z-acid IV for osteoporosis 2* to cancer
-Z acid is 1x/yr injection for osteoporosis
-CLIN: Osteoporosis, hypercalcemia of malignancy, paget's Dz
-SE: GI disturbances, hypocalcemia, caution in decreased renal fxn |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Calcitonin-Salmon
-MECH: exogenous calcitonin; binds to and activates osteoclasts; inhibits bone resorption; decreased bone resorption and decreased serum Ca2+ levels
-ADMIN: SC injxn or nasal spray
-CLIN: osteoporosis, paget's Dz
-SE: rhinitis, irritation, epistaxis, HA, arthralgia |
|
|
Term
| Phosphate Binders: Calcium Containing |
|
Definition
-Calcium acetate; Calcium carbonate
-MECH: taken with meals to bind dietary PO4; has to take WITH MEALS
-CLIN: hyperphosphotemia associated with chronic kidney Dz
-SE: hypercalcemia |
|
|
Term
| Phosphate Binders: Non-Calcium Containing |
|
Definition
-Sevelamer HCL, Sevelamer Carbonate
-MECH: taken with meals to bind dietary PO4, must take WITH MEALS
-CLIN: hyperphosphotemia - use when calcium-phosphorus factor >55 mg/dl; decreased LDL and increased HDL
SE: hypocalcemia, GI disturbance |
|
|
Term
| Phosphate Binders: Vitamin D Analogues |
|
Definition
-Calcitriol, Paricalcitol, Doxercalciferol
-MECH: decreased PTH synthesis = decreased PTH serum concentrations. Increased Ca2+ absorption = decreased PTH secretion
-CLIN: secondary hyperparathyroidism, hypocalcemia (calcitriol)
-SE: hypercalcemia, edema, N/V/D |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Cinacalcet
-MECH: binds to Ca2+ receptor on parathyroid gland, causing a negative feedback suppression of PTH secretion
-CLIN: secondary hyperparathyroidism, hypercalcemia associated with parathyroid carcinoma
-SE: hypocalcemia, N/D, caution on seizure disorders
-CONTRA: do not use if Ca2+ <8.4 mg/dl |
|
|
Term
| Hormone Replacement Therapy |
|
Definition
Estrogen
-MECH: Maintains bone mass and slows bone loss; decreased osteoclast activity; increased osteoclast apoptosis; decreased apoptosis of osteoblast and osteocytes
-SE: #1 venous thromboembolism, vaginal bleeding, breast tenderness, breast cancer |
|
|
Term
| Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs) |
|
Definition
-Ralxifene
-MECH: bind to estrogen receptors and have tissue-selective effects. Agonist effect in bone. Antagonist effect in uterine and breast tissue. Reduces resorption of bone. Decreases overall bone turnover.
-CLIN: decreased vertebral fractures, decreased total cholesterol and decreased LDL. Decreased risk of breast cancer
-SE: hot flashes, leg cramps, venous thromboembolism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Aledronate, Risedronate, Pamidronate, Ibandronate, Zoledronic acid
-MECH: decreased osteoclast activity; decreased normal and abnormal bone resorption; decreased bone turnover
-ADMIN: all can be given 1x/day or 1x/wk, some 1x/mth
-Pamidronate and Z-acid IV for osteoporosis 2* to cancer
-Z acid is 1x/yr injection for osteoporosis
-CLIN: Osteoporosis, hypercalcemia of malignancy, paget's Dz
-SE: GI disturbances, hypocalcemia, caution in decreased renal fxn |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Calcitonin-Salmon
-MECH: exogenous calcitonin; binds to and activates osteoclasts; inhibits bone resorption; decreased bone resorption and decreased serum Ca2+ levels
-ADMIN: SC injxn or nasal spray
-CLIN: osteoporosis, paget's Dz
-SE: rhinitis, irritation, epistaxis, HA, arthralgia |
|
|
Term
| Phosphate Binders: Calcium Containing |
|
Definition
-Calcium acetate; Calcium carbonate
-MECH: taken with meals to bind dietary PO4; has to take WITH MEALS
-CLIN: hyperphosphotemia associated with chronic kidney Dz
-SE: hypercalcemia |
|
|
Term
| Phosphate Binders: Non-Calcium Containing |
|
Definition
-Sevelamer HCL, Sevelamer Carbonate
-MECH: taken with meals to bind dietary PO4, must take WITH MEALS
-CLIN: hyperphosphotemia - use when calcium-phosphorus factor >55 mg/dl; decreased LDL and increased HDL
SE: hypocalcemia, GI disturbance |
|
|
Term
| Phosphate Binders: Vitamin D Analogues |
|
Definition
-Calcitriol, Paricalcitol, Doxercalciferol
-MECH: decreased PTH synthesis = decreased PTH serum concentrations. Increased Ca2+ absorption = decreased PTH secretion
-CLIN: secondary hyperparathyroidism, hypocalcemia (calcitriol)
-SE: hypercalcemia, edema, N/V/D |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Cinacalcet
-MECH: binds to Ca2+ receptor on parathyroid gland, causing a negative feedback suppression of PTH secretion
-CLIN: secondary hyperparathyroidism, hypercalcemia associated with parathyroid carcinoma
-SE: hypocalcemia, N/D, caution on seizure disorders
-CONTRA: do not use if Ca2+ <8.4 mg/dl |
|
|
