Term
Feline Asthma
Corticosteroids |
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Definition
-multi faceted MOA
-injectable, oral, inhalation
-Side effects include suppression of the immune system and of the HPA axis |
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Term
Feline Asthma
Inj Corticosteroids |
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Definition
-Short term in SEVERE cases
-Start with IV Dex
-Inhaled Albuterol q30min
-supplement oxygen
-LAST RESORT for chronic therapy: Methylprednisolone (IM once every 4-8 weeks) |
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Term
Feline Asthma
Oral Corticosteroids |
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Definition
-use if symptoms occur more than once/wk
-Prednisolone (start @ high dose and then taper over 2-3mths)
-Ideally, switch to an inhaled steroid (Albuterol) |
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Term
Feline Asthma
Inhaled Corticosteroids |
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Definition
Fluticasone proprionate
-reduces eosinophilic airway inflammation
-min systemic immune effects
-can also supress HPA axis
-maintenance dose not well defined |
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Term
Question:
When is parenteral Dexamethasone indicated for feline asthma cases? |
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Definition
| For short term tx of severe cases |
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Term
Question:
Which of the following drugs is preferred for inhaled therapy of feline asthma? |
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Definition
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Term
Question:
In feline asthma, oral corticosteroid therapy is more appropriate |
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Definition
| -When symptoms occur several times/wk |
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Term
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Definition
Beta-adrenergic agonists
-stabilize mast cells
-increase mucociliary clearance |
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Term
Bronchodilators
Terbutamine Sulfate |
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Definition
-Oral and inj preps
-emergency tx of resp distress (when Albuterol is not possible)
-min cardio stimulation
-hypokalemia possible but RARE |
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Term
Bronchodilators
Albuterol Sulfate |
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Definition
-inhalant
-side effects rare (caution in patients with pre-existing cardiac issues)
-use as needed (tolerance may develop)
-paradox: causes bronchospasms |
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Term
Bronchodilators
Anticholinergic Drugs
MOA |
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Definition
| Block Ach by competing for muscarinic receptors |
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Term
Bronchodilators
Anticholinergics
Atropine |
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Definition
-Aerosolized or IV
-NONSPECIFIC MUSCARINIC RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST
-side effects: tachycardia, mydriasis, ileus, colic in horses, reduced ciliary beat freq, reduced mucus secretion
Indications:
-horses: emergency relief
-SA: organophosphate toxicity, unresponsive to asthmatics |
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Term
Bronchodilators
Anticholinergics
Glycopyrrolate |
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Definition
-less toxic than atropine
-quaternary amine
-more polar
-does not cross BBB |
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Term
Bronchodilators
Anticholinergics
Ipratropium Bromide |
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Definition
-more polar
-same properties as Atropine except:
*no CNS signs
*No effect on mucociliary apparatus
*little cardiovascular properties
-use in horses and possibly cats |
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Term
Question:
How often should B-agonists generally be used in feline asthma? |
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Definition
| -as needed for acute flare-ups |
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Term
Other Drugs Affecting Bronchospasm and Inflammation
3 of them |
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Definition
Zafirlukast (Leukotriene receptor antagonist; block bronchorestrictve cysteinyl leukotrienes)
Cyproheptadine (Serotonin and H1 agonist; mediator in Type I hypersensitivity in cats)
Cetirizine (H1 receptor antagonist; histamine increased in BALF of asthma cats) |
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Term
| Inhaled therapy in Horses |
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Definition
-reduction in side effects
Admin of:
-glucocorticoids (short lived)
-B-receptor agonists (fast-acting)
-Anticholinergics (Ipratropium bromide)
-Cromolyn (prophylactic) |
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Term
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Definition
-HORSES
-stabilizes mast cells
-inhibits PAF synthesis
-administered by nebulization prophylactically |
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Term
PHT reducers
Sildenafil (Viagara) |
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Definition
-PHT associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
-reduces pulmonary arterial pressure in dogs
-acts as a phosphodiesterase inhibitor --> vasodilation
-given TID in dogs |
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Term
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Definition
Indications: prevent coughing due to tracheal collapse, canine bronchitis or when a painful, nonprod, exhausting cough exists with the potential for exacerbating lung damage
Contraindications: when the animal has a PRODUCTIVE cough; may prevent infectious fluids and secretions from exiting the body |
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Term
Cough Suppressants
Centrally Active
Dextromethorpan |
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Definition
-codeine derivative; NON-NARCOTIC
-elevates the threshold for coughing
-onset in ~30 min; lasts 4-6 hrs |
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Term
Cough Suppressants
Centrally Active
Diphenoxylate |
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Definition
-NARCOTIC
-used in combo with Atropine (Lomotil) |
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Term
Cough Suppressants
Centrally Active
Codeine |
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Definition
-oral
-NARCOTIC, CONTROLLED
-binds to opioid receptors in the cough center and depresses sensitivity to afferent stimuli
-side effects: constipation, sedation
-Onset ~30 min; lasts 4-6 hrs |
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Term
Cough Suppressants
Centrally Active
Butorphanol |
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Definition
-parenteral and oral admin
-NARCOTIC, CONTROLLED
-MOA similar to codeine
-onset: 5 min; lasts 90 min |
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Term
| Expectorants and Mucolytics |
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Definition
Goal:increase the fluidity of the secretions and facilitate their removal
Systemic physiological fluid therapy: SINGLE MOST IMPORTANT THERAPY- MAINTAIN HYDRATION
Saline expectorants: Iodide Salts
-MOA: irritates mucous glands of the respiratory tract to produce a productive cough
-Contraindications: hypotyroid patients, pregnant/lactating
-Drugs: K+ Iodide salt soln, ethylenediamine dihydroiodide
Acetylcysteine
-decrease viscosity of mucous secretions
-require an intact mucociliary apparatus
-reduces disulfide bonds in mucoproteins
-increase levels of glutathione (scavengers of free radicals) |
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Term
Respiratory Stimulants
Doxapram |
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Definition
-stimulate chemoreceptors of carotid artery and aorta
Indications:
-drug-induced medullar depression
-apnea in neonates
-detection of laryngeal paralysis |
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Term
Question:
Which of the following cough supressants is a non-narcotic? |
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Definition
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