Term
|
Definition
Suspicion of Infection
Prophylaxis |
|
|
Term
Choosing Ab
What is the bug? |
|
Definition
GOLD STD: CULTURE
Methods:
*Kirby-Bauer
*MIC (lowest concentration of Ab required to inhibit bacterial growth) |
|
|
Term
Choosing Ab
Where is the bug?
Can the Ab get there? |
|
Definition
-can be anywhere
-Blood flow
-Intracellular
-Lipid membrane barrier, P-glycoprotein pump |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Resident and transient bacteria
-Common pathogens:
-S. psuedointermedius
-MRSP (if oxacillin resistant, assume resistance to all B-lactams)
-Tx: Chloramphenicol, TMS |
|
|
Term
Skin
Pyoderma Classification |
|
Definition
-Based on depth of involvement
-deeper infections = more aggressive dx and longer tx
-Surface, superifical, deep |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-treat
-1 week past CS (superficial)
-2 weeks past CS (deep)
-1st tier
-Cephalexin
-Cefpodoxime (Simplicef)
-Cefovecin (Convenia)
-Amoxicillin clavulanate (Clavamox)
Deep Pyoderma
-guided by culture and sensitivity
-4-6 weeks for tx |
|
|
Term
Skin
Bite Wounds/Abscesses |
|
Definition
-usually mixed population
-drainage is most important
Tx:
-Clavamox
-Convenia
-Clindamycin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Normal flora on conjunctiva and lids
Dogs:
foreign body or trauma
conjunctivitis or intraocular
Cats:
Conjunctivitis
Chlamydia (50-75%)
-topical tetracycline |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
High:
oral cavity
mid-jejunum - rectum
Low:
esophagus
stomach
duodenum
prox jejunum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Anaerobic/Polymicrobial
-clindamycin
-clavamox
-metronidazole
Tx:
-drainage of abscess
-remove plaque |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Helicobacter spp. (non-pathogenic)
Tx:
-Amoxi
-Metro
-proton pump inhibitor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-outcompete pathogenic bacteria
-produce FA's and vitamins
-metabolize irritating bile acids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Prostora (iams)
-Fortiflora (Purina)
-VSL #3 |
|
|
Term
Intestines
Acquired Bacteria |
|
Definition
-Campylobacter
-SAlmonella
-Yersinia
-Listeria |
|
|
Term
Intestines
Ab Characteristics |
|
Definition
-Broad spectrum
-good biliary secretion and enterohepatic recycling |
|
|
Term
Intestines
Large Bowel Diarrhea
Clostridium |
|
Definition
-Fecal cytology
*SPORES DOES NOT EQUAL DISEASE*
Dx: toxin testing + organism detection
Tx: Metronidazole |
|
|
Term
Intestines
Enteroinvasive E. Coli |
|
Definition
-"BOXER COLITIS"
-wt loss + large bowel diarrhea
*INTRACELLULAR PENETRATION*
Tx:
-Enrofloxacin 6 WEEKS min |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Hallmark: ^ PCV with normal TP
Tx: Fluids |
|
|
Term
Hepatobiliary
Ab that Concentrate in Bile |
|
Definition
-Clindamycin
-Doxycycline *can be hepatotoxic*
-Penicillins
-Fluoroquinolones
-Chloramphenicol |
|
|
Term
Hepatobiliary
Choosing drugs |
|
Definition
-Efficacy against coliforms and anaerobes
*BEWARE OF INCREASED TOXICITY*
-Chloramphenicol
-Macrolides
-MEtro
-Sulfonamides
-Tetracyclines |
|
|
Term
Hepatobiliary
Bacterial Hepatitis/Cholang |
|
Definition
-underlying cause
-ALWAYS culture tissue or bile |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Amoxi
-Neomycin
-Lactulose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Common organisms
-E-coli
-Staph *
-Proteus*
*urease producing bacteria --alkaline urine = struvites
Ab: Renal excretion with high [urine] |
|
|
Term
Bacterial Cystitis
First time UTI |
|
Definition
-no renal/prostatic involvement
-otherwise healthy
-treat for 14 days
-1st generation cephalosporins/ Clavamox |
|
|
Term
Bacterial Cysitis
Complicated Infections |
|
Definition
-renal/prostatic/uterine involvement
-cystoliths
-dogs: struvite
-cats: sterile
NEED CULTURE
-treat 4-6 weeks
culture 5-7 days INTO therapy
culture 5-7 days AFTER therapy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Infection of the kidneys
-acute/chronic
-predisposing cause:
-CKD
-endocrinopathies
-Obstruction
-Difficult to eliminate
-Tx min of 6-8 WEEKS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-symmetrically large, painful prostate, intact dogs
Active:
-systemically ill; leaky barrier
-tx: 4-6 weeks
Chronic:
-intact barrier
-tx: 1-2 mths
*CASTRATE*
Tx: basic, lipid soluble Ab have better penetration
TMS, Chloramphenicol |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Infection of the uterus
E. coli most comoon
tx: Evacuate the uterus
spay
Ab: Enrofloxacin/ Clavamox |
|
|
Term
Respiratory
Bacterial Pnuemonia |
|
Definition
-Ab with good bronchial penetration
-lipophilic and low molecular weight are best
tx:
-min 4 weeks; 2 weeks past radiographical resolution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Plueral Infection
-inoculation
-hematogenous
-lymphatic
Tx:
-sx debridement
-chest tube placement
-Ab (usually penicillin derivative) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Secondary Bacterial Rhinitis
-SNOT CULTURE INEFFECTIVE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-TTW
-no anesthesia required, excellent for unstable patients, large dogs only
Endotracheal wash
-Smaller dogs/ cats
BAL
-expensive
-visualization of airway |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Infection of IVD space and adjacent vertebral end plates
-S. intermedius is number one
Tx:
Cephalexin
Clavamox
Parenteral for 5-7d if neurologic
Oral for 2-4 mths + |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Infection of bone
-assoc with trauma or FB
Tx:
-remove any ortho implants/sx debride/ stabilize fractures
Ab with good bone penetration:
-Cefazolin, Clindamycin, Clavamox, Fluoroquinolones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Inflammation of the endocardial surface of the heart, usually the valves
Affected valves:
-Aortic (most common)
-Mitral
Tx:
Bactericidal, broad spectrum, IV
-Timentin
-Imipenem
-Amikacin/ Enrofloxacin
Min 6 week course; tx primary cause of infection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Gram (-)m intracellular bacteria
-Zoonotic
-B. Henselae (flea vector)
-B. vinsonii (tick vector) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Serology
-PCR
-Broth-enriched culture PCR
**Combining these tests yields highest sensitivity!* |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Ideal tx and duration unknown
Combo therapy
-Azithromycin
-Doxy
-Enrofloxacin
Long duration: 4-6 weeks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ehrlichia
Anaplasma
RMSF
Lyme
*All cause fever, uveitis, thrombocytopenia, etc
TX: Doxy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*ZOONOTIC
Tx:
-Ampicillin
-Doxy- 2 weeks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Gram (-), acid fast, epicellular parasites
Tx:
Doxy |
|
|
