Term
|
Definition
| RIPE- Rifampin, Rifabutin, Rifapentine, INH/Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Quinolones: Moxifloxacin, Levrofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin. Aminoglycosides: amikacin, capreomycin, and streptomycin and Cycloserine, Ethionamide, PASS, Linezolid, and Bedaquiline (newest) |
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Term
|
Definition
| bacteriacidal, works against rapidly dividing bacteria, Blocks cell wall synthesis, enzymes: fatty acid carrier protein reductase and a complex of carrier proteins and B-ketoacyl-ACP synthase |
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Term
|
Definition
| peripheral neuropathy and other CNS side effects |
|
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Term
| Has side effect of increased risk of hepatitis and increased AST |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| works against rapidly dividing and slow dividing bacteria, inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase |
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Term
| autoinduces its own metabolism via cyp3a4 |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| causes body fluid colors to appear orange-red and contacts are not recommended |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| can cause transient asymptomatic hyperbilirubinemia |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Can cause flu-like symptoms and thrombycytopenia |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| TB drugs that can cause rash |
|
Definition
| Rifampin, Pyrazinamide, Rifabutin |
|
|
Term
| 1st line agents for rapidly dividing TB |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| 1st line agent for dormant and semi-dormant TB |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| targets enzyme responsible for fatty acid biosynthesis in TB |
|
|
Term
| can cause nongouty polyarthralgias |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| can cause nausea/anorexia |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| can cause asymptomatic hyperuricemia |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bacteriostatic, inhibits the enzyme involved in biosynthesis of the cell wall of TB causing death |
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Term
| can cause retrobulbar neuritis- blurred vision and impaired red-green color affect |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Plan of treatment based on AFB smear/culture results and cavitary lesion |
|
Definition
RIPE- First 2 months
At 2 months perform repeat AFB smear and culture
If neg w cavitary lesion- just continue with RI - 6 months of therapy
If pos w cavitary lesion- RI for 9 months
If pos/neg w/o cavitary lesion- RI for 6 months
Neg no cavitary lesion- RI for shorter |
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Term
| INH resistance risk factors |
|
Definition
| if the patient has had a prior history of tuberculosis, if they are originally Asian or Pacific Islander descent, if they are less than 65 years of age, and if they were born in a foreign country-- all of these things increase the risk for INH resistance that we would see here in the US |
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Term
| Drug reserved for pts w HIV on antiretroviral therapy |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Drug that we may need to dose adjust when pt is also on protease inhibitor or non-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| has the most activity of all the commercially available fluoroquinolones against both tuberculosis and also non-tuberculosis mycobacterium |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| used to treat TB meningitis or CNS-related disease |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| TB drug used more in other parts of the world bc it's cheaper |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Aminoglycoside used frequently in other parts of the world leading to resistance forming |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| can cause ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity |
|
Definition
| Streptomycin, Amikacin, Capreomycin |
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|
Term
| Contraindicated in a patient with a known seizure disorder |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inhibits cell wall biosynthesis by inhibiting racemase (not l-ala-d-ala)(holes in cell wall) |
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|
Term
| Drug to avoid if GFR ius under 50 |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Can cause headache, restlessness and psychosis |
|
Definition
| Cycloserine because it is a partial agonist at the glycine recognition site of the NMDA receptor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inhibits mycolic acid synthesis |
|
|
Term
| can cause a metallic taste, nausea and severe vomiting |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| can cause optic neuritis, depression and personality changes |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Drugs that can increase the risk of seizures when taken together |
|
Definition
| Ethionamide and Cycloserine |
|
|
Term
| useful if strptomycin resistnat |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Causes wasting of mg and k |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| can cause thrombocytopenia, optic neuritis that can lead to blindness and peripheral neuropathy that can be irreversible |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| TB drug used for MDR-TB and XDR-TB |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inhibits mycobacterial ATP-synthase |
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|
Term
| can cause QTc prolongation and transaminitis |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ethinyl estradiol and Mestanol |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Stabilize endometrial lining and provide cycle control
- Suppress FSH release from pituitary o Block LH surge and inhibit ovulation |
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|
Term
| Therapeutic estrogen contraindications |
|
Definition
-Estrogen-dependent neoplasms
-Heavy smokers aged >35 years (≥15 cigarettes per day) -Thrombogenic mutations (e.g., factor V Leiden) or history of thromboembolic disorder |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Medroxyprogesterone
- Norgestrel
- Norethindrone
- Desogestrel
- Dimethisterone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
o Block LH surge - Inhibits ovulation
o Thickens cervical mucus
o Slows tubal motility
o Promotes endometrial lining atrophy |
|
|
Term
| Progestin Adverse effexts |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
" Women older than 35 years
" Smoking
" Hypertension
" Dyslipidemia
" Diabetes
" Migraine headaches
" Thromboembolism |
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|
Term
| Oral Contraceptives Chart |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Progesterone contraceptive Chart |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| barbiturates, carbamazepine, corticosteroids, griseofulvin, phenytoin, rifampin, rifabutin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| most antibiotics, ~40-50% of all drugs |
|
|
Term
| CYP3a4 interaction and oral contraceptives |
|
Definition
" Potential reduction in contraceptive efficacy
" Advise a combined hormonal contraceptive pill with a higher dose of estrogen or a barrier form of contraception or switch to IUD |
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|
Term
| HRT for woman with intact uterus |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| HRT for woman with hysterectomy |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Emergency contraception adverse effects |
|
Definition
-Nausea and vomiting (40%)
- Frequently concomitantly administered with anti- emetic
-Headache, dizziness, breast tenderness, irregular bleeding, and abdominal and leg cramping
-precaution: ectopic pregnancy |
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|
Term
| Androgens are used for what? |
|
Definition
" Replacement therapy hypogonadism
" Stimulate red blood cell production in certain anemias
" Anabolic effects exploited illicitly by athletes |
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Term
|
Definition
| Testosterone, Testosterone cypionate, Testosterone enanthate, Methyltestosterone, Fluoxymesterone, Oxymetholone, Oxandrolone, Nandrolone deconate |
|
|
Term
| Anabolic Steroid Adverse Effects |
|
Definition
" Females: results in virilization (deepened voice, menstrual irregularity, hirsutism)
" Men: gynecomastia, testicular shrinkage, infertility
- Feedback inhibition
" Both sexes: cholestatic jaundice, elevated liver enzymes, and (rarely) hepatocellular carcinoma |
|
|
Term
| Protein synthesis inhibitors that affect the 30S subunit |
|
Definition
• Tetracyclines – Doxycycline – Minocycline
• Glycylcyclines – Tigecycline
• Aminoglycosides
– Gentamicin
– Tobramycin
– Amikacin |
|
|
Term
| Protein synthesis inhibitors that affect the 50S subunit |
|
Definition
• Macrolides – Erythromycin – Clarithromycin – Azithromcyin
• Lincosamides – Clindamycin
• Oxazolidinone – Linezolid– Tedizolid |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| SE: nausea, vomiting, GERD, photosensitivity, stains teeth enamel of young children |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
-MRSA, MSSA, pneumococcus
-H.influenzae, poor-E.coli and other enterobacteriaceae
-good against oral anaerobes, not so good against Bacteroides fragilis
-Legionella, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Chlamydia trachomatis
-Drug of choice for lyme- Borrelia burgdorferi
-Anaplasma, Rickettsia
-can be used for UTIs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| -do not use in children under 8 as their permanent teeth may not have formed by then |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
-binds 5x more tightly to ribosome than minocycline
-MRSA, MSSA, Staph epi, pneumococcus, penicillin-resistant pneumococci, enterococcus (VRE)
-H. influenza, Moraxella catarrhalis, Chlamydia, Legionella, Enterobacteriacea
-doesn't cover Burkholderia
-covers E. coli better than other tetracyclines
-covers Acinetobacter baumani but there can be resistnace
-covers ESBLs-E.coli and Kleb but not first choice
-covers carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae, KPCs but variable success
-low serum levels not used for bacteremia
-not used for UTIs- little gets in urine
-Only IV |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| -SE: nausea, vomiting and rarely pancreatitis, elevated LFTs |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| -do not cover 3 P's- Psudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus, Providencia |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
MOA: bind to outer cell membrane bc polar and cationic and displace calcium and magnesium which link lipopolysaccharide layer and forms holes in the cell membrane of these gram-neg organisms, once inside the cell they interfere w translational accuracy of mRNA codons and aminoacyl-fRNA codons and bind tightly to amino unit of 16S ribosome- interrupt protein synthesis -> cell death, also they are bacteriocidal
– Gentamicin
– Tobramycin
– Amikacin |
|
|
Term
-spectrum of activity: excellent anti gram-neg: Enterobacteriaceae (E.coli), Klebsiell, Proteus, Enterobacxter, Citrobacter, AMC organisms, Serratia marcesens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
-not good against Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Burkholderia cepacia
-have gram pos acitivity in combination w a cell wall antibiotic- Enterococci, staph aureus, staph epi (enterococcal endocarditis, prosthetic vavle artificial heart valve endocarditis)
-no anaerobic activity
-minimally absorbed from GI tract- not good for systemic infections |
|
Definition
Aminoglycosides:
– Gentamicin
– Tobramycin
– Amikacin |
|
|
Term
| SE: nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, vestibular toxicity |
|
Definition
Aminoglycosides:
– Gentamicin
– Tobramycin
– Amikacin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-bind to 50S ribosomal subunit and blocks the tunnel so the newly formed peptide can't be extruded form the ribosomal subunit
-Erythromycin, Clarithromycin, Azithromycin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-treat sinusitis or skin and soft tissue infections in pt's w anaphylactic penicillin allergy (but not reliable against MRSA)
-Erythromycin, Clarithromycin, Azithromycin |
|
|
Term
| -SE: diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain (affects motilin receptor to inc peristalsis in GI) also QT interval prolongation, Torsades de pointes |
|
Definition
Macrolides
-Erythromycin, Clarithromycin, Azithromycin |
|
|
Term
| Macrolide that doesn't inhibit cytochrome P450 isoenzyme 3A4 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| resistance forming to macrolides |
|
Definition
| Pneumococcus resistance with efflux pumps |
|
|
Term
-covers pneumococcus but seeing resistance
-MSSA, group A strep, group B strep, not good against MRSA
-legionella, chlamydia, mycoplasma pneumonia
-limited gram neg: Moraxella coatarrhalis (sinusitis), pneumonia, bordatella pertussis, campylobacter jejuni
-not H. influenza |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
-inc gram-neg activity: H.influenza covered
-treat atypical mycobacterium: MAI- mycobacterium avium-intracellulare
-treat community-acquired pneumonia |
|
Definition
| Clarithyromycin and Azithromycin |
|
|
Term
| Clindamycin MOA (Licosamide) |
|
Definition
| -blocks protein synthesis by interfering with transpeptidatin, blocks the P stie, the peptidyl donor site |
|
|
Term
-covers MSSA but variable activity against MRSA
-covers strep well- A, B, C, G and pneumococcus
-no gram neg activity
-very good for oral anaerobes
-resistance w Bacteroides fragilis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| -used for gram-pos infections in pts w serious penicillin or beta-lactam allergies and for anaerobic lung abscess, and postpartum endometritis w another antibiotic such as gentamicin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| -causes much antibiotic-associated diarrhea, first linked to C. diff |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Linezolid and Tedixolid
-MOA: inhibit the initiation complex of protein synthesis, block the binding of fMet-tRNA at the P site at the initiation complex at the initiation codon AUG and inhibit elongation by inhibiting the movement of the polypeptide from the P to the A site during protein synthesis |
|
|
Term
-covers gram-pos, MSSA, MRSA, Staph epi, methicillin-resistant Staph epi, enterococci, VRE, pneumococcus, penicillin-resistant pneumococci
-little gram-neg activity, minimal anaerobic activity |
|
Definition
| Oxazolinidones, Linezolid and Tedixolid |
|
|
Term
| -SE: Thrombocytopenia, anemia, pancytopenia, aplstic anemia, peripheral neuropathy with prolonged use over 4 weeks |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
-effective against multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis
-resistnace developing for MRSA and VRE, also expensive |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Coverage: H. influenza, E. coli, Proteus mirabilus, AmpC-Enterobacter, Citrobacter. Pseudomonas (only oral), Listeria, Mycoplasma Pneumoniae, Chlamydia (Gram Pos poor) (No anaerobes) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MOA: Binds to DNA gyrase and DNA Topoisomerase IV (inhibits cell replication) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Contraindications: Not used in pregnant women, lactating women or kids due to cartiladge damage in mice. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Drug interaction with Theophyalline (asthma) (P450), QT prolongation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Coverage: Similar to Cipro, dec Pseudomonal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MOA: Binds to DNA gyrase subunit ParC and DNA Topoisomerase IV |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Contraindications: Not used in pregnant women, lactating women or kids, QT prolongation |
|
Definition
| Levifloxacin and Moxifloxacin |
|
|
Term
| Coverage: Inc Gram Pos, Strep pneumo MSSA, MRSA, Not useful for UTIs, gram neg similar to Cipro, legionella, mycoplasma, chlamydia, oral anaerobes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MOA: Binds to DNA gyrase subunit A and DNA Topoisomerase IV |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Contraindications: Not used in pregnant women, lactating women or kids, QT prolongation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Caused 7 cardiac deaths, QT prolongation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MOA: Inhibits folate metabolism |
|
Definition
| Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole as TMP/SMX, Bactrim or Septra (Antimetabolite drug) |
|
|
Term
| Coverage: Drug of choice for Stenotrophromonas maltophilia and Pneumocystis jirovecii, Klebsiella, E.coli, Proteus mirabilus, AmpC-Enterobacter and Citrobacter, Staph aureus, MRSA, pneumococcus (no enterococcus or streptococcal), used for UTIs |
|
Definition
| Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole as TMP/SMX, Bactrim or Septra (Antimetabolite drug) |
|
|
Term
| SE: rash, nausea, vomiting, bone marrow suppression, hyperkalemia (inhibits secretion of potassium in distal tubules) |
|
Definition
| Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole as TMP/SMX, Bactrim or Septra (Antimetabolite drug) |
|
|
Term
| MOA: bactericidal, forms free radicals that damage DNA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Spectrum of activity: bacteroides fragilis, the bacteroides fragilis group, prevotella, fusobacterium, Clostridium perfringens, anaerobic gram-negative Cocci, anaerobic gram-positive Cocci, Clostridium difficile |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| SE: nausea, vomiting, metallic taste, alcohol interaction (disulfiram reaction-- nausea, vomiting, flushing, headache) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MOA: binds to terminal tripeptide of cell wall D-Ala D-Ala |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| SE: Red man syndrome, Neutropenia, Thrombocytopenia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Coverage: MRSA, MSSA, Group A, B, C, G Strep, Strep Viridans, Bacillus, Corynebacterium, C. Diff (Enterococcus is resistant- D-Ala D-lactone) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MOA: Depolarizes the cell membrane in a calcium-dependent fashion, kills faster than vanco |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Coverage: VRE, MRSA, MSSA, Group A, B, C, G Strep, Strep Viridans, Bacillus, Corynebacterium, C. Diff, Enterococcus, Pneumococcus, avoid in MRSA pneumonia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MOA: interrupts cell wall cross linking like vanco and depolarizes the cell membrane, forms pores |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Coverage: very good against MRSA pneumonia, daptomycin non-susceptible VRE, daptomycin non-susceptibe staph aureus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| more effective than vanco but expensive, use for severe MRSA pneumonia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Teratogen, interferes with PT/PTT tests due to lipid tail |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Reduce Dynamic factors of BPH, relax prostatic smooth muscle: alpha 1-adrenergic antigen antagonists |
|
Definition
-Prazosin/minipress (2nd gen)
-Terazosin/hytrin (2nd gen)
-Doxazosin/Cadura (2nd gen)
-Alfuzosin/uroxatral) (2nd gen)
-Tamulsosin/Flomax (3rd gen) (selective to prostate) |
|
|
Term
antagonize peripheral vascular alpha one receptors in addition to those in the prostate
orthostatic hypotension and dizziness are characteristic adverse effects, as syncope, dizziness, and hypotension
start with a low dose then titrate up
CYP3A4 pathway |
|
Definition
| prazosin, terazosin, and doxazosin |
|
|
Term
selective to the prostate alpha 1A receptors
Blockade of these receptor results in a smooth muscle relaxation of the prostate and bladder neck, without causing peripheral vascular smooth muscle relaxation
good choice, particularly for patients who cannot tolerate hypotension
should be taken on an empty stomach
onset of peak of action is quick, in the range of one week
CYP3A4 pathway |
|
Definition
| -Tamulsosin/Flomax (3rd gen) |
|
|
Term
| should be discontinued one week before elective cataract surgery bc of Floppy iris syndrome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Reduce static factor, interfere w testosterone stimulatory effect on prostate gland size: 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
comparatively inhibits type 2 5 alpha-reductase, suppressing intraprostatic dihydrotestosterone by 80% to 90%
moderate to severe
delayed peak onset of clinical effect
preferred in patients taking multiple anti-hypertensive agents or patients who are unable to tolerate hypotensive adverse effects of alpha 1 blockers
unaffected by food
can produce sexual dysfunction
nausea, abdominal pain, dizziness, headache, and gynecomastia
pregnancy category X |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
non-selective inhibitor of type 1 and type 2 5 alpha-reductase
moderate to severe
delayed peak onset of clinical effect
preferred in patients taking multiple anti-hypertensive agents or patients who are unable to tolerate hypotensive adverse effects of alpha 1 blockers
can produce sexual dysfunction
nausea, abdominal pain, dizziness, headache, and gynecomastia
pregnancy category X |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| reduce prostate size, halting the disease progression, and improve voiding symptoms with fewer serious cardiovascular adverse effects |
|
Definition
| 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors |
|
|
Term
| 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors disadvantages |
|
Definition
| delayed peak onset of clinical effect, which is undesirable in patients with bothersome symptoms. 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors can cause more sexual dysfunction than alpha 1 blockers, therefore prescribers should consider 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors to be a second line agent for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia |
|
|
Term
| in pts with an enlarged prostate gland of at least 40 grams |
|
Definition
| Combination therapy with an alpha 1 blocker and 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor is ideal in patients with severe symptoms who also have an enlarged prostate gland of at least 40 grams. Such patients appear to be at a high risk for disease progression, as evidenced by symptoms worsening and development of disease complications. A regimen of finasteride and doxazosin is the most studied combination therapy. |
|
|
Term
| promote nitric oxide vasodilation by inhibiting the phosphodiesterase 5 enzyme responsible for the catabolism of cyclic GMP |
|
Definition
ED
Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors
Sildenafil-fatty meals, blue-green discrimination, visual halos, priapism
Vardenafil- QTc prolongation, priapism
Taldalafil- CYP3A4, renal dosing, muscle and back pain
Avanafil- fastest, CYP3A4 and 2C |
|
|
Term
| vasodilation, smooth muscle relaxation, leading to symptoms such as headache, facial flushing, dyspepsia, nasal congestion, dizziness, and hypertension. Isolated cases of Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy, or NAION, organic nitrates are contraindicated in what |
|
Definition
| Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors - Sildenafil, Vardenafil, Taldalafil, Avanafil |
|
|
Term
| Testosterone intramuscular injections |
|
Definition
| Cypionate, enanthate, propionate |
|
|
Term
| testosterone replacement regimens can cause |
|
Definition
| sodium retention, which can cause weight gain or exacerbate hypertension, congestive heart failure, and edema. Gynecomastia can occur |
|
|
Term
| stimulate adenyl cyclase, resulting in increased production of cyclic AMP |
|
Definition
| Alprostadil, also known as prostaglandin E1 |
|
|
Term
| Urethra pain has been reported in 24% to 32% of patients. Usually it's mild and does not require discontinuation of treatment. Penile pain, hypotension, Female sexual partners may experience vaginal burning, itching, or pain, which is probably related to the transfer from the man's urethra to the woman's vagina during intercourse. Prolonged painful erections, priapism, have been rarely reported. Syncope and dizziness have been reported rarely, only 2% to 3% of patients, and likely are related to the use of excessively large doses. |
|
Definition
| intracavernosal injection, Caverject and Edex, and as an intraurethral insert, Medicated Urethral System for Erection, or M-U-S-E |
|
|
Term
| Oral alkylated testosterone replacement regimens have caused |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MOA: enhance glycine, GABA. Inhibit Na+ K+ channels. Inhibit Nicotinic acetylcholine, NMDA, inhaled |
|
Definition
| Desflurane, Isoflurane, Sevoflurane, Nitrous oxide |
|
|
Term
| SE: Good muscle relaxant, moderate myocardial depression, brief bronchial constriction, marked airway irritation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Contraindications: History of metabolic hyperthermia, Severe COPD |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cautions: ischemic heart disease, asthma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Drug Interactions: Nondepolarizing skeletal muscle relaxants (Rocuronium- racoonium, vecuronium-venomium, pancuronium- pantherium) and St. John's Wart |
|
Definition
| Desflurane, Isoflurane, Sevoflurane, Nitrous oxide |
|
|
Term
| Common anesthetic use: Maintenance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| SE: Good Muscle relaxant, moderate myocardial depression |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cautions: ischemic heart disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
SE: Moderate myocardial depression, unchanged HR
Contraindications: History of metabolic hyperthermia, Severe COPD |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cautions: ischemic heart disease, renal risks |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Common anesthetic use: Inhaled Inductions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
-Good analgesia
-No arrythmogenic potential, okay to use with history of malignant hyperthermia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Common anesthetic use: dental procedures, adjunct |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lowest blood/Gas partition coefficient |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Highest blood/gas partition coefficient |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| can cause metabolic hyperthermia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| treatment for metabolic hyperthermia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MOA: Modulates the action of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA , IV |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ADEs: Hypotension, Tachycardia, Reduction in adrenocorticosteroid synthesis, Pain upon injection, Nausea/vomiting, Myoclonus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cautions/Contraindications: Inhibits 11-beta-hydroxylase o Cortisol production inhibited for 6-8 hr |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Drug Interactions: Verapamil |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Common use: Cardiovascular stability for induction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
ADE: Apnea (22-45%), Hypotension, " Infusion Syndrome" o High doses (>4mg/kg/hr) for long durations (>48 hr) in critically ill patients
o Features: bradyarrhythmias, acidosis, rhabdomyolysis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Allergy: Contains soybean oil, glycerol, and egg lecithin |
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Definition
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Term
| Cautions/Contraindications: - Discard after open for 12 hr, excellent bacterial medium - Caution in elderly and hypovolemic patients, or those with compromised cardiac function |
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Definition
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Term
| Drug Interactions: St. John's wort |
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Definition
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Term
| Common use: - May have antiemetic properties - No analgesic effects |
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Definition
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Term
| MOA: NMDA receptor antagonist, dissociative anesthetic , IV |
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Definition
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Term
| ADEs: CV stimulation (increase HR, CO, BP), Bronchodilation, Increased secretions, Hallucinations, disturbing dreams, delirium |
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Definition
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Term
| Cautions/Contraindications: - Cerebrovascular accidents- Significant hypertension- Advanced ischemic heart disease- Patients with a history of psychiatric illness |
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Definition
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Term
| Drug Interactions: CYP2C9 (fluconazole, amiodarone) |
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Definition
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Term
| Common use: - Young children- Noncompliant adults- Patients in shock requiring cardiovascular stimulation - Adjunctive analgesic |
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Definition
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Term
| MOA: Reversibly block nerve conduction, Reduces the influx of sodium ions at the nerve membrane, Action not limited to sensory neurons-also block motor neurons, local anesthetics |
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Definition
Esters: Procaine, cocaine, Tetracaine, Benzocaine, Chloroprocaine
Amides: Lidocaine, Bupivacaine, Mepivacaine, Prilocaine, Ropicavaine |
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Term
| Contraindication: sulfite allergy |
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Definition
| Epinephrine (given with Local Anesthetics) |
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Term
Side effects: CNS- Sedation, visual and auditory disturbances, local involuntary muscular activity, slurred speech, seizures, respiratory arrest - Paresthesia:
-Cardiovascular - Decreases in electrical excitability, conduction rate, and force of contraction - Cardiovascular collapse |
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Definition
Esters: Procaine, cocaine, Tetracaine, Benzocaine, Chloroprocaine
Amides: Lidocaine, Bupivacaine, Mepivacaine, Prilocaine, Ropicavaine
-Paresthesia: more common with articaine and prilocaine |
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Term
| local anesthetic with short duration of action and low potency |
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Definition
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Term
| local anesthetic with long duration of actionand high potency |
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Definition
| ropivacaine, bupivacaine, tetracaine |
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Term
| local anesthetic with moderate potency and moderate duration of aciton |
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Definition
| articaine, prilocaine, mepivacaine, lidocaine |
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Term
| To treat methemoglobinemia where metabolites prevent the hgb from appropriately oxygenating, occurs w prilocaine, articaine, benzocaine |
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Definition
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