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Pharm Final
dugs and classification
149
Pharmacology
Undergraduate 3
12/10/2013

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Term
Amikacin
Definition
Aminoglycosides
Term
Gentamicin
Definition
Aminoglycosides
Term
Kanamycin
Definition
Aminoglycosides
Term
Neomycin
Definition
Aminoglycosides
Term
Netilmicin
Definition
Aminoglycosides
Term
Tobramycin
Definition
Aminoglycosides
Term
Ciproflaxacin
Definition
Flouroquinolones
Term
Enoxacin
Definition
Flouroquinolones
Term
Grepafloxacin
Definition
Flouroquinolones
Term
Levofloxacin
Definition
Flouroquinolones
Term
Lomefloxacin
Definition
Flouroquinolones
Term
Norfloxacin
Definition
Flouroquinolones
Term
Ofloxacin
Definition
Flouroquinolones
Term
Sparfloxacin
Definition
Flouroquinolones
Term
Trovafloxacin
Definition
Flouroquinolones
Term
Azithromycin
Definition
Macrolides
Term
Clarithromycin
Definition
Macrolides
Term
Dirithromycin
Definition
Term
Erythromycin
Definition
Macrolides
Term
Clindamycin
Definition
Lincosamides
Term
Lincomycin
Definition
Lincosamides
Term
Sulfadiazine
Definition
Sulfonamides
Term
Sulfamethizole
Definition
Sulfonamides
Term
Sulfamethoxazole
Definition
Sulfonamides
Term
Sulfasalazine
Definition
Sulfonamides
Term
Sulfisoxazole
Definition
Sulfonamides
Term
Demeclocycline
Definition
Tetracycline
Term
Doxycycline
Definition
Tetracycline
Term
Inocycline
Definition
Tetracycline
Term
Oxytetracycline
Definition
Tetracycline
Term
-micin, -mycin
Definition
Aminoglycosides
Term
-Floxacin, -xacin
Definition
Fluoroquinolones
Term
-thromycin
Definition
macrolide
Term
-cycline
Definition
tetracycline
Term
Ceph-, Cef-
Definition
Cephalosporins
Term
-cillin, -llin
Definition
penicillins
Term
Nevirapine (ends in INE)
Definition
Nonnucleoside Analoge
Term
Rotonavir
Definition
Protease Inhibitors
Term
Fuzeon
Definition
Entry Inhibitor
Term
Maraviroc
Definition
CCR5 Antagonist
Term
Raltegravir
Definition
Integrase Inhibitor
Term
Cef the GIANT
Definition
GI - Nausea, vomitting, diarrhea
I- Increase Glucose Value
A- Alcohol causes vomitting
N- Nephrotoxicity
T- Thrombocytopenia
Term
Vancomycin s/e
Definition
Nephrotoxicity, Ototoxicity, renal failrue
Term
Most important thing to check before giving Sulfonamides
Definition
BUN & Liver function
Term
Major neurotransmitter of adrenergic system (sympathetic system)
Definition
Norepinephrine
Term
Andrenergic Agonists/Sympathomimetics do what?
Definition
stimulate norepineprhine
Term
adrenergic blockers/ symptholytics do what?
Definition
Block epinephrine
Term
dilating pupils, dilting bronchioles, increasing HR, constriction of blood vessels, relaxation of HI Bladder and Uterus are what response?
Definition
sympathetic response, from Sympatholytics/ adrenergic agonists
Term
Alpha 1 does?
Definition
vasoconstriction, dilates pupils
Term
Alpha 2 does?
Definition
dilates, decrease GI Motility
Term
beta 1 does?
Definition
Increase HR, increase BP
Term
Beta 2 does?
Definition
dilates bronchiles
Term
Which 2 enzymes inactivate norepinephrine?
Definition
MAO and COMT
Term
Sympathomimetic drugs

direct acting?
indirect?
mixed?
Definition
Direct- epinephrine
indirect - amphetamine
mixed - Ephedrine
Term
Epinephrine is a sympathomimetic drug & stimulates Alpha 1, beta 1, and beta 2. What does it do?
Definition
alpha 1 - vasoconstrict
beta 1 - increase BP & HR
beta 2 - bronchodilation
Term
dopamine stimulates?
Sympathomimetic
Definition
alpha 1 - (vasoconstrict & increase HR)
Term
Pseudophed stimulates?

Sympathomimetic
Definition
Alpha 1 - vasoconstrict
Beta 1 - increase BP & HR
Term
Isuprel - intended effect and unwanted?
Definition
beta 2- dilates bronchioles
beta 1 - increase HR
Term
Albuterol/Proventil stimulates?
Definition
beta 2 - brochodilates
Term
How do adrenergic blockers (sympatholytics) work?
Definition
occupt receptor sites or inhibit release or transmitter
Term
Alpha Adrenergic blockers (Regitine) used for?
Definition
Peripheral vascular disease
Term
Alpha Adrenergic blockers do what?
Definition
Vasodilator & decrease BP
(can be reflex tachycardia)
Term
Alpha Adrenergic blockers additional use?
Definition
Hypertension and BPH
Term
Result of non-selective beta blockers
Definition
decreased HR, decreased BP, bronchoconstriction
Term
Stimulation of the parasympathic system
Definition
constricts pupils, constrict bronchioles decreased HR, dilates blood vessels, bladder contraction, increased GI motility
Term
Another term for parasympathetic
Definition
Cholinergic
Term
neurotransmitter of parasympathetic sysmtem
Definition
Acetycholine
Term
Drugs that stimulate Parasympathetic sysmtem are called
Definition
Cholinergics or cholinergic agonists
Term
drugs that block parasympathetic system are called?
Definition
anticholinergics
Term
Cholinergic receptors
Definition
Nicotinic & muscarine
Term
Nicotinic and muscarine effect what?
Definition
nicotinic - skeletal muscl
emuscarine - smooth muscle (heart rate)
Term
indirect action of cholinergic drugs
Definition
stimulate release of acetylcholine

inhibit cholinesterase = makes more acetylcholine availble
Term
Stimulation of bladder and GI tone
constrict pupils
decrease BP, HR , increase Salivation

are the effects of what?
Definition
Cholinergics
Term
Urecholine is what?
Definition
direct acting cholinergic
Term
Effect of Urecholine, a cholinergic
Definition
Polyuria & increased GI activity
Term
Side Effects of cholinergics (direct acting)
Definition
hypotension, bradycardia, diarrhea, excessive saliva, dysrthmias
Term
What constricts pupils, relieving intraocular pressure caused in glaucoma?

what drugs?
Definition
Direct acting cholinergics

isopto-carpine, policarpine
Term
Examples of Indirect acting cholinergics?
Definition
Prostigmin - treats myasthenia gravis
Tacrine - improves memory
Term
What is the result of indirect acting cholinergics
Definition
increased muscle tone
Term
Anticholinergic drug effects
Definition
decreased GI & saliva, dilate pupils, decrease bladder contraction, decrease tremors, increase HR
Term
What population are anticholinergics not good for?
Definition
Elderly
Term
What surgery are anticholinergics useful in?
Definition
eye surgery
Term
Atropine (drug class)
Definition
anticholinergic
Term
Atropine (anticholinergic) use?
Definition
preop to dry secretions & increase HR
Term
Artane (drug class?)
Definition
Anticholinergic
Term
Artane (anticholinergic) use
Definition
Parkinsons, decrease muscle rigidity
Term
Scopolamine (drug class & use)
Definition
Anticholinergic,
motion sickness for dry secretions and relaxed GI muscles
Term
What disease is contraindicated for anticholinergic use?
Definition
Glaucoma (dilated pupils makes pressure worse)
Term
What do anticholinergics and dopaminergics treat?
Definition
Parkinson's.
Term
Levodopa (drug class?)

(only 1% crosses blood brain barrier + high does)
Definition
Dopaminergics
Term
strength of contraction
Definition
inotropic
Term
rate on contraction
Definition
chronotropic
Term
+ Inotropic (increased contractility)
- chronotropic (decreased rate)
for CHF and atrial dysrhytmias
Definition
Cardiac Glucosides
Term
What do cardiac glycosides treat?
Definition
CHF
Term
Digoxin (drug class)?
Definition
Cardiac Glycoside
Term
What drugs increae Dig toxicity?
Definition
Lasix & hydroclorathiazides
Term
Digoxin index range & most important assessment
Definition
.5-.2 ng/ml
HR, <60 don't give!
Term
3 types of antianginal drug classes
Definition
Nitrates, Beta blockers, Ca+ channel blockers
Term
Nitrates drug interventions

(work by relaxing coronary arteries and increasing O2 to the heart)
Definition
Check BP frequently
teach - 3 tabs q 5 min then call 911
Term
What 3 things do Ca+ channel blockers treat?
Definition
Angina
dysrhythmias
hypertension
Term
Calan, Procardia, Cardiazem, Norvasc, Cardene

(drug class)
Definition
Ca+ channel blockers
Term
Important assessment and S/E of Ca+ channel blockers
Definition
check liver enzymes
S/E - bradycardia, hypotension, dizziness, flushing
Term
Why do Ca+ channel blockers cause bradycardia
Definition
relax smooth muscle
-inotropic = decreased workload of heart = slower HR
Term
4 classes of Antidysrhythmic drugs
Definition
1 - Fast (NA) channel blockers
2- Beta blockers
3-Prolong repolorization
4 - calcium channel blockers
Term
Action of Class 1 - fast NA Channel blockers

Norpace, Pronestyl
Definition
slow conduction and prolong repolorization
Term
S/E of Class 1 - Fast NA channel blockers
Definition
Heart block
Term
Inderal (drug class)
Definition
Beta Blocker
Term
Beta blocker contraindications?
Definition
COPD, CHF, heart block
Term
Nursing assessment before administering beta blockers?
Definition
HR, <60/min don't give
Term
Bretylol, Cordarone (drug class)
Definition
Class 3- Prolong Repolorization
Term
Class 3, Prolong Repolorization - use and assmenents
Definition
Emergencies
-check vitals, monitor heart,
-Cause PHOTOSENSITIVITY
Term
Diuretics - use and action
Definition
Hypertension & edema
- inhibit sodium & water reabsorption
Term
Where do Thiazide Diuretic work?
Definition
distal convuluted tubule
Term
What is an additional action of Thiazides?
Definition
vasodilation
aka- very good to treat hypertension
Term
S/E of thiazide diuretics
drug contraindications
Definition
hyperglycemia
-No for renal failure, No w/ Digoxin
Term
HCTZ, Dyzide (drug class?)
Definition
Thiazide Diuretic
Term
Loop diuretic action, where?
Definition
Loop of henle
inhibits chloride(loss of sodium, water, potassium, calcium & magnesium)
No Blood Sugar effect
Term
Lasix (drug class)
Definition
Loop Diuretic
Term
Which diuretic is the best choice for pt's with renal failure
Definition
Loop Diuretics
Term
Nursing interventions for Loop Diuretics
Definition
monitor weight, BP, electrolytes, avoid Alcohol and other highly protein bound drugs
Term
Osmotic Diuretic - action & use
Definition
increase osmolarity in tubules = major diuresis
Decrease intracranial pressure,
decrease intraocular pressure,
prevent kidney failure
Term
Mannitol (drug class)
Definition
Osmotic Diuretic
Term
Nursing interventions for osmotic diuretics (Mannitol)
Definition
check bottle for crystals, vital signs, I&O
Term
Diamox (drug class)
Definition
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor - diuretic
Term
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor (diamox) use
Definition
decrease intraocular pressure
Term
Nursing Interventions with Diamox
Definition
give w/ food or antacids
don't mix with fruit juice (instead use honey or syrup)
Term
Dyrenium, Aldactone (drug class)
Definition
Potassium Sparing Diuretic
Term
What drug class are Potassium Sparing diuretics combined with and why?

-Aldactazide, dyazide
Definition
combined with Thiazides - intensifies diuresis and prevents potassium loss
Term
First line choice for treating hypertension
Definition
Thiazide diuretic or combination
Term
First line choice for treating hypertension
Definition
Thiazide diuretic or combination
Term
Lopressor, Tenormin, Coregard (drug class)
Definition
Beta blockers (sypatholytics)
Term
Reserpine (drug class)
Definition
adrenergic Neuron Blocker
- very potent in Emergencies
-block norepinehrine at receptor site
Term
Normodyne, Cartol (drug class & action)
Definition
alpha 1 & beta 1 blocker
vasodilation and decrease HR
Term
Apresoline, Minoxidil, Nitroprusside (drug class)
Definition
direct acting vasodilators
Term
Action and S/E of direct acting vasodilators
Definition
decrease BP, but retain water
(often combined w/ diuretics)
Term
Important S/E of Direct acting vasodilators
Definition
reflex tachycardia, lupus like symptoms
Term
-Pril (drug class)
Definition
Ace Inhibitors
Term
Important Ace Inhibitor S/E & Nursing Interventions
Definition
hypotension w/ first dose
monitor electrolytes, vital signs & renal function
Term
Cozaar & Atacand (drug class)
Definition
A-II blockers
Term
How do Ace II blockers work?
Definition
block vasoconstriction at receptor sites

-better tolerated & can be used with mild hepatic and renal impairement
Term
What must be monitored when giving heparin?
Definition
PTT
Term
Levonox
Definition
Low Molecular weight Heparin
Term
Coumadin/Warafin - Monitor INR (should be?)
Definition
between 2-3
Term
Thrombolytics (Streptokinase & t-PA) use
Definition
MI or CVA (4-6 hours)
Term
Lipitor, Zocor, Prevachol, Mavacor (drug class)
Definition
Vastatins
Term
Vasastain use, action, (don't take with?)
Definition
decrease Cholesterol by decreasing cholesterol synthesis in liver
don't take with grapefruit juice
Term
Drug class used to treat Raynaud's Disease and Buerger's disease
Definition
Peripheral Vasodilators
Term
Priscoline & Vasodilan (drug class)
Definition
Peripheral vasodilator
Term
Peripheral vasodilator action
Definition
alpha andrenergic
beta 2 agonist
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