Term
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Definition
| any chemical that can affect living processes |
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Term
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Definition
| the study of drugs and their interactions with living systems |
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Term
| clinical pharmacology is... |
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Definition
| the study of drugs in humans |
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Term
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Definition
| the use of drugs to diagnose, prevent, or treat disease or to prevent pregnancy |
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Term
| the most important properties of an ideal drug are... |
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Definition
| effectiveness, safety, and selectivity |
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Term
| if a drug is not effective... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| one that cannot produce harmful effects regardless of dosage |
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Term
| is there such thing as a safe drug? |
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Definition
| NO - all drugs can cause harm |
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Term
| is there such thing as a selective drug? |
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Definition
| NO - all drugs can cause side effects |
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Term
| the objective of drug therapy is... |
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Definition
to provide maximum benefit with minimum harm
*because all patients are unique, drug therapy must be tailored to each individual |
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Term
| why must the nurse be diligent in assessing patients' responses to pharmacological intervention? |
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Definition
| because all patients are unique and can respond to drugs differently from what is expected |
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Term
| early identification of side effects allows for... |
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Definition
| early intervention and aids in the prevention of adverse responses |
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Term
| correct administration is... |
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Definition
| the key to preventing medication errors |
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Term
| nursing responsibilities with regard to drugs extend far beyond the six rights of drug administration |
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Definition
| the six rights are important, but important events will take place after the drug is delivered, and the nurse must be able to respond to these |
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Term
| the nurse is the patient's last line of defense against what? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| ANTICIPATE drug responses and not simply respond to them after the fact |
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Term
| the steps to prevent medication error during administration include... |
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Definition
*reading the order carefully
*verifying patient identity
*reading the medication label carefully
*verifying the correct dosage
*only administering drugs about which you know the action
****six rights: patient, drug, dose, route, time, documentation |
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Term
| the nurse's knowledge of pharmacology has... |
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Definition
| a wide variety of practical applications in patient care and patient education |
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Term
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Definition
| the extent to which the patient's behavior coincides with medical advice |
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Term
| by applying your knowledge of pharmacology... |
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Definition
| you will make a large contribution to achieving the therapeutic objective of maximum benefit with minimum harm |
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Term
| adverse effects include... |
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Definition
| gastric erosion and sedation - and about a million other things |
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Term
| adverse interactions can lead to... |
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Definition
| reduced drug effectiveness |
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Term
| patients should be instructed about... |
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Definition
| the name, dosage, route of administration, storage, and duration of treatment regarding each of their medications |
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Term
| patients should be instructed about nondrug measures to... |
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Definition
| enhance therapeutic response |
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Term
| application of the nursing process in drug therapy is... |
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Definition
| directed at individualizing treatment, which is critical to achieve the therapeutic objective |
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Term
| the goal of preadministration assessments is to gather data needed for... |
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Definition
*evaluation of therapeutic and adverse effects
*identification of high risk patients
*assessment of the patient's capacity for self-care |
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Term
| the analysis and diagnosis of phase of treatment is directed at... |
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Definition
*judging the appropriateness of the prescribed therapy
*identifying potential health problems treatment may cause
*characterizing the patient's capacity for self-care |
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Term
| planning is directed at... |
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Definition
*defining goals
*establishing priorities
*establishing criteria for evaluating success |
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Term
| what are the four major parts of implementation of the care plan in drug therapy? |
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Definition
*drug administration
*patient education
*interventions to promote therapeutic effects
*interventions to minimize adverse effects |
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Term
| in the evaluations stage, the objective is to evaluate... |
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Definition
*therapeutic responses
*adverse reactions and interactions
*patient adherence
*patient satisfaction with treatment |
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Term
| the food, drug, and cosmetic act of 1938 was the first legislation to... |
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Definition
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Term
| the harris-kefauver amendments, passed in 1962, were the first legislation to... |
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Definition
| demand that drugs actually be of some benefit |
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Term
| the controlled substances act, passed in 1970, set rules for... |
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Definition
| the manufacture and distribution of drugs to have potential for abuse |
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Term
| the FDA amendments act, passed in 2007, expanded the mission of the FDA the mission of the FDA to... |
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Definition
| include rigorous oversight of drug safety after a drug has been released for marketing |
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Term
| under the new law, the FDA has the legal authority to... |
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Definition
*require postmaketing surveillance studies
*order changes in a drug's label to include new safety information
*restrict distribution of a drug based on safety concerns |
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Term
| some drugs have an off-label use, which is... |
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Definition
| a use that has not been evaluated by the FDA |
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Term
| development of a new drug is... |
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Definition
| an extremely expensive process that takes years to complete |
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Term
| the randomized control trial is... |
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Definition
| the most reliable way to objectively assess drug therapy |
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Term
| the purpose of randomization is... |
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Definition
| to prevent allocation bias |
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Term
| phase I testing involves... |
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Definition
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Term
| drug testing in phase II and phase III clinical trials is... |
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Definition
| limited to a relatively small number of patients, most of whom take the drug for a relatively short time |
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Term
| during phase IV, the drug is... |
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Definition
| released to the general public |
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Term
| since women and children have been excluded from drug trials in the past... |
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Definition
| our understanding of drug effectiveness and safety in these groups is limited |
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Term
| when a new drug is released for general use... |
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Definition
it may well have adverse effects that have not yet been detected
*when working with a new drug, you should be especially watchful for previously unreported adverse events |
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Term
| drugs have three types of names. what are they? |
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Definition
*chemical
*generic/nonproprietary
*trade/proprietary |
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Term
| each drug has only one generic name but... |
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Definition
| can have many trade names |
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Term
| nurses must pay special attention to drug names because... |
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Definition
| many drugs have similar names, and giving the incorrect drug can cause significant complications for the patient |
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Term
| OTC drugs are defined as... |
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Definition
| drugs that can be purchased without a prescription |
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Term
| since the job of the drug representative is sales and not education... |
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Definition
| this person may not be your best source of drug information, especially if you are trying to establish an unbiased comparison between the representatives product and a drug from a competing manufacturer |
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Term
| nurses must have a source of information regarding drugs that is... |
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Definition
*accurate
*up to date
*contains info relative to patient response, adverse effects, etc. |
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