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Pharm Final/Kaplan
total course content
166
Pharmacology
Undergraduate 3
12/01/2011

Additional Pharmacology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Drugs that work on protein synthesis are
Definition
lethal
Term
Name the different classes of antibiotics
Definition
-sulfonamides
-PCNs
-cephalosporins
-carbapenems
-monobactams
-tetracyclines
-macrolides
Term
Bactericidal
Definition
kill bacteria
Term
bacteriostatic
Definition
inhibit growth of susceptible bacteria, leads to eventual bacterial death
Term
If bacteria maintains staining it is considered
Definition
gram positive
Term
If bacteria loses its staining it is considered
Definition
gram positive
Term
Aerobic bacteria thrive in what type of environment?
Definition
oxygen rich
Term
True or false: Anaerobic bacteria can grow in an environment without any oxygen
Definition
True
Term
Which immunocomprimised patients get viral infections most often?
Definition
cancer patients, AIDs patients, transplant patients
Term
Antiviral agents are used to treat
Definition
infections caused by viruses other than HIV
Term
Antiretroviral agents are used to treat
Definition
infections caused by HIV
Term
Acyclovir belongs to which category of drugs?
Definition
antiherpetic antivirals
Term
3 prototypes of Acyclovir
Definition
-acyclovir (Zovirax) -famcyclovir (Famvir) -valacyclovir (Valtrex)
Term
Famcyclovir and valacyclovir are both
Definition
prodrugs (need to metabolized by liver first to work)
Term
What drug is most commonly used to treat genital herpes?
Definition
Valacyclovir (Valtrex)
Term
Acyclovir is given
Definition
IV or PO
Term
Topical acyclovir prototypes
Definition
-penciclovir (denavir)
-docosanol (abreva-OTC)
-Trifluridine opthalmic (viroptic)
-viderabine (vira-A)
Term
Can a patient develop resistance to acyclovir?
Definition
Yes
Term
IV acyclovir can cause
Definition
phlebitis, reversible nephrotoxicity
Term
Oral acyclovir can cause
Definition
nausea, vertigo
Term
Topical acyclovir may cause
Definition
a stinging sensation
Term
Which acyclovir prototypes only treat cytomegalovirus (CMV)?
Definition
ganciclovir (cytovene)
fascarnet (foscavir)
cidofovir (vistide)
Term
Drugs used to treat CMV are given
Definition
po
Term
Foscarnet (used to treat CMV) can also be used for
Definition
herpetic infections that are resistant to acyclovir
Term
What is the most commonly used drug to treat CMV?
Definition
ganciclovir (cytovene)
Term
Ganciclovir: heme side effects
Definition
thrombocytopenia, granulocytopenia, bone marrow suppression, anemia
Term
Ganciclovir: GI side effects
Definition
nausea, liver dysfunction
Term
Ganciclovir: CNS side effects
Definition
confusion, reproductive toxicity
Term
True or false: ganciclovir can cause rash
Definition
True
Term
True or False: ganciclovir can cause fever
Definition
True
Term
Foscarnet and cidofovir can cause
Definition
renal toxicity
Term
When does protection begin after flu vaccination?
Definition
1-2 weeks
Term
How long does protection last after the flu vaccine?
Definition
6 months
Term
There is a small risk for what syndrome after getting the flu vaccine?
Definition
guillian-barre
Term
a patient with an acute febrile illness should not get the flu vaccine until they recover, what is considered febrile?
Definition
above 101 degrees F
Term
What allergy prevents you from getting the flu vaccine?
Definition
allergy to eggs
Term
parasympathetic
Definition
cholinergic
Term
Prophylaxis for peptic ulcers
Definition
misoprostol, PPI's
Term
NSAID induced peptic ulcers tx
Definition
PPI's, H2 receptor blockers, discontinue NSAIDS if possible
Term
"ulcer diet"
Definition
change to 5-6 small meals per day, prevents pH fluctuations
Term
Why are a min of two abx used to treat h. pylori?
Definition
to decrease chance of developing resistance
Term
Drugs of choice to treat h. pylori
Definition
amoxicillin, clarithromycin, tetracycline, metronidazole, tinidazole, bismuth compounds
Term
Guidelines for managing h. pylori
Definition
-at least 2 abx, preferably 3
-antisecretory agent (PPI, H2 antagonist)
Term
H2 antagonists are
Definition
anti-ulcer/anti-secretory
Term
H2 antagonist prototypes
Definition
-ranitidine
-cimetidine
-famotidine
-nizatidine
Term
H2 antagonist ending
Definition
tidine
Term
H2 antagonists are given
Definition
IV or PO
Term
Which H2 antagonist has significant side effects?
Definition
cimetidine
Term
cimetidine side effects: CNS
Definition
confusion, lethargy, hallucinations, excitation
Term
cimetidine side effects: CV
Definition
dysrhythmias and hypotension when given IV
Term
cimetidine side effects: resp
Definition
increased risk for pneumonia
Term
cimetidine side effects: heme
Definition
neutropenia, leukpenia
Term
cimetidine side effects: GU
Definition
antiadronergic effect
Term
Cimetidine can not be taken concurrently with
Definition
antacids
Term
cimetidine inhibits liver metabolism of
Definition
warfarin, phenytoin, theophylline, lidocaine
Term
PPI's are
Definition
antiulcer/antisecretory
Term
PPI's end in
Definition
prazole
Term
PPI's are given
Definition
po
Term
Common side effects of PPI's
Definition
HA, N/V/D
Term
long term use of omeprazole (prilosec) may cause
Definition
gastric cancer, hip fracture
Term
Antacids prototypes
Definition
-almuinum/calcium (maalox)
-magnesium
-calcium carbonate (TUMS)
Term
Aluminum/Calcium (maalox) side effects
Definition
constipation
Term
Magnesium side effects
Definition
diarrhea
Term
Calcium carbonate (TUMS) side effects
Definition
gas and belching
Term
Should antacids be used for a long period of time?
Definition
No
Term
Antacids increase absorption of
Definition
basic drugs
Term
Antacids decrease absorption of
Definition
acidic drugs
Term
Antacids increase excretion of
Definition
acidic drugs
Term
Antacids decrease excretion of
Definition
basic drugs
Term
Pts with HTN or HF should use what type of antacids?
Definition
low sodium- riopan, maalox, mylanta II
Term
Medications are given how many hours after giving an antacid?
Definition
1-2 hours after
Term
What should antacids be administered with?
Definition
8oz of water to enhance absorption
Term
Sulcrafate is a
Definition
gastric barrier
Term
sulcrafate (carafate) is given
Definition
po
Term
sulcrafate creates a barrier for
Definition
up to 6 hours
Term
What is the most common side effect of sulcrafate (carafate)?
Definition
constipation
Term
Sulcrafate inhibits the absorption of
Definition
warfarin, dig, phenytoin, theophylline, fluoroquinoline abx
Term
Misoprostol is a
Definition
prostaglandin e analog
Term
Misoprostol (cytotec) is given
Definition
PO
Term
Misoprostol prevents gastric ulcers caused by
Definition
long term NSAID use
Term
Misoprostol side effects
Definition
abd cramping, diarrhea, spotting/amenorrhea in women
Term
antiemetics are given to suppress
Definition
nausea, vomiting
Term
Antiemetic drugs, 3 sites of action
Definition
GI tract, inner ear, cerebral cortex
Term
antiemetics that target GI
Definition
-prokinetic drugs
-serotonin blockers
Term
antiemetics that target inner ear
Definition
-anticholinergic
-antihistamines
-neuroleptics
-prokinetic drugs
Term
antiemetics that target cerebral cortex
Definition
-THC
-corticosteroids
-benzodiazapenes
Term
scopolamine is an
Definition
anticholinergic
Term
scopolamine is primarily used to treat
Definition
motion sickness, secretions prior to surgery
Term
Meclizine (antivert) is an
Definition
antihistamine
Term
if scopolamine is a patch, where should it be applied?
Definition
hairless area behind the ear
Term
Antivert treats
Definition
motion sickness, vertigo, rhinitis, sedation
Term
Compazine is a
Definition
neuroleptic
Term
Reglan is a
Definition
prokinetic
Term
Reglan aka
Definition
metoclopramide
Term
Ondansetron is the generic name for
Definition
Zofran
Term
Zofran treats nausea associated with
Definition
chemo, postop
Term
substance p/neukinin 1 antagonists
Definition
aprepitant (emend)
Term
Benzodiazapine
Definition
Lorazepam (ativan)
Term
Aprepitant (emend) has adverse effects when combined with
Definition
other anti-emetics
Term
What drug is usually given before chemo? And which is usually given after?
Definition
lorazepam (ativan) before, Ondansetron(zofran) after
Term
phenothiazines can cause
Definition
parkinson's like symptoms, anticholinergic effects (dry mouth, urinary retention), hypotension, sedation
Term
Halperidol (Haldol) acts similar to
Definition
phenothiazines
Term
Why is ECG monitoring necessary for those on Haldol?
Definition
haldol can cause prolonged QT interval and fatal dysrhythmias
Term
metoclopramide (Relgan) can cause
Definition
hallucinations
Term
what drugs are considered both antihistamines and anticholinergics?
Definition
dimenhydrinate (dramamine)
meclizine (antivert)
cyclizine (Marezine)
Term
most anti-emetics cause severe
Definition
drowsiness
Term
antiemetics mixed with alcohol can cause severe
Definition
CNS depression
Term
anti-emetic agents are given how long before the chemo therapy agent?
Definition
30 min-3 hours before the chemo is administered
Term
adsorbents treat
Definition
diarrhea
Term
name 2 adsorbents
Definition
-bismuth subsalicylate (pepto)
-kaolin pectin, activated charcoal (kaopectate)
Term
which anticholinergics treat diarrhea?
Definition
-belladona alkaloids (donnatol)
-atropine
-hyoscyamine
Term
what happens when adsorbants are given with anti-coags?
Definition
increased bleeding
Term
anatacids decrease the effects of
Definition
anticholinergics used to treat diarrhea
Term
adsorbents decrease the absorption of
Definition
quinidine, dig, clindamycin, hypoglycemic agents
Term
do not given pepto to
Definition
children under 16
teens with chicken pox
BC REYE'S SYNDROME
Term
IBS specific drugs
Definition
-alosetron (lotronex) W ONLY!
-amitiza
-zelnorm
Term
amitiza
Definition
-constipation dominent only
-full bowel prep prior to starting
Term
-diol's are used to dissolve
Definition
gallstones
Term
what drugs treat seizures?
Definition
-barbituates (i.e. phenobarbitol)
-valproates (i.e. depakote)
-hydantoins (i.e. phenytoin)
-new AED's (i.e. gabapentin)
-imostilbenes (i.e. carbamezapine)
-succinimides
-levetiracetam (Keppra)
-topiramate (Topamax)
Term
valproates react with
Definition
-phenobarbital
-phenytoin
-topiramate
Term
phenobarb reacts with
Definition
valproates
Term
oxcarbazepine (Trileptal reacts with
Definition
OCP's
Term
Rapid acting insulins
Definition
Insulin lispro (Humalog)
Insulin aspart (NovoLog)
Insuline glulisine (Apidra
Term
short acting insulin
Definition
regular insulin (humulin r, novolin r)
Term
intermediate insulin
Definition
NPH (humulin n, novolin n)
Term
long acting insulin
Definition
Insulin detemir (Levemir)
Insulin glargine (Lantus)
Term
rapid acting insulin onset
Definition
15-30min
Term
short acting insulin onset
Definition
30-60 min
Term
intermediate insulin onset
Definition
60-120 min
Term
long acting insulin onset
Definition
70 min, no peak
Term
regular insulin is
Definition
clear
Term
nph is
Definition
cloudy
Term
oral antidiabetic agents end in
Definition
-amide
-ide
-glitazones
Term
Metformin (Glucophage) is taken with meals to
Definition
reduce GI effects
Term
oral antidiabetic agents are usually taken
Definition
30 min before meals
Term
Alpha-glucosidase (acarbose, miglitol) inhibitors are with the first bite of each main meal
Definition
with the first bite of each main meal
Term
thyroid replacement drugs for hypothyroidism
Definition
levothyroxine (Synthroid, Levoxyl)
liothyronine (Cytomel)
liotrix (Thyrolar)
Thyroid
Term
thyroid replacment drugs react with
Definition
Oral anticoagulants
Digitalis glycosides
Cholestyramine
Patients with diabetes may need to increase their doses of hypoglycemic agents
Term
antithyroid drugs
Definition
-thionamides (methamizole, PTU-propylthiouracil)
-iodine
Term
antithyroid drugs treat
Definition
hyperthyroidism
graves disease
Term
thyroid drugs should be taken in the am to decrease
Definition
insomnia
Term
when on antithyroids the pt should avoid food high in
Definition
iodine
Term
Symptoms of overdose of thyroid hormones include cold intolerance, depression, edema
Definition
Term
low mol weight heparin
Definition
lovenox
Term
antidote for heparin OD
Definition
protamine sulfate
Term
lovenox OD antidote
Definition
protamine sulfate
Term
greater the INR
Definition
the higher the bleeding tendencies
Term
normal INR
Definition
2.0-3.0
Term
normal PT range
Definition
10-13 seconds
Term
Aspirin can also be used as an
Definition
antiplatelet
Term
-ase
-kinase
Definition
clot busters!
Term
-asone
Definition
corticosteroids used to treat resp inflammation
Term
-lukasts
Definition
ex: singulair
Term
LABA's
Definition
-advair
-symbicort
(think -erol)
Term
theophylline
Definition
bronchodilator
Term
ARB's
Definition
-sartans
Term
ACE inhibitors most common side effect
Definition
cough
Term
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
Definition
-STATINS
Term
nicotinic acid (niacin) treats
Definition
hyperlipidemia
Term
Bile Acid Sequestrants
Definition
starts w
-chole
-chol
think cholesterol
Term
nitroglycerin treats
Definition
angina
Term
-rinones treat?
Definition
HF
Term
digoxin treats
Definition
HF
Term
vasopressors
Definition
-ines (ex: dobutamine, dopamine)
Term
how to treat digoxin toxicity
Definition
digibind- aka digoxin immune fab
Term
Nitrates are
Definition
vasodilators
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