Term
| Posterior Pituitary Hormones: (2) |
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Definition
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Term
| Oxytocin Two primary physiological actions: |
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Definition
1. Stimulation of frequency and force of uterine contractions during labor
2. Milk ejection: contraction of myoepithelium that surround areolar channels in breast |
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Term
Mechanism of action through oxytocin receptors:
Direct contraction of ____ muscle via increase in _____
Increased production of ____ & _____ |
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Definition
uterine
[Ca2+]
prostaglandins & leukotrienes |
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Term
| Therapeutic Uses of Oxytocin: (3) |
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Definition
Induction of Labor
Augmentation of Labor
Reduction of bleeding postpartum |
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Term
| Diagnostic Use of Oxytocin: |
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Definition
| Challenge test to determine fetal heart rate |
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Term
Oxytocin has a Short half-life of ~ __-___ min
Eliminated by ____ & ____ |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| intravenously, dilute solution (not bolus) |
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Term
| ___ doses of oxytocin increase force and frequency of contractions. ___ doses cause a sustained contraction |
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Definition
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Term
| Oxytocin Contraindications: (4) |
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Definition
Fetal distress
Prematurity
Abnormal fetal presentation
Any predisposition for uterine rupture |
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Term
| If Oxytocin Dose is too high or an exaggerated response to a typical dose, you will get Excessive ____ ____. It can also stimulate ____ receptors resulting in: (2) |
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Definition
uterine contraction
vasopressin
Water intoxication
Hyponatremia |
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Term
| Vasopressin (ADH) is Released by the posterior pituitary in response to: (3) |
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Definition
hyperosmolality
hypovolemia
hypotension. |
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Term
| _____ neurons whose axons project to the posterior pituitary, synthesize and release vasopression. They Contain _____ which respond to changes in osmolality. and they Receive PNS input from ____ that sense blood volume and blood pressure |
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Definition
Hypothalamic
osmoreceptors
baroreceptors |
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Term
| _____ is primary site of action- vasopressin binding to its (__) receptors increases its permeability to water, allowing for movement to the extracellular compartment (peritubular blood) |
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Definition
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Term
| Vasopressin ___ receptor subtype- in the heart and vascular smooth muscle (and many other organs) causes _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| Vasopression ___ receptor subtype causes Release of ACTH from ___ pituitary |
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Definition
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Term
| Drugs that Enhance Vasopressin’s Anti-Diuretic Response through Unknown Mechanism: (3) |
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Definition
Chloropropramide
Carbamazepine
NSAIDs, especially indomethacin |
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Term
| Too Little Tone (water reabsorption) could be due to: Lack of _____ or Lack of ____ to vasopressin |
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Definition
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Term
| Too Much Tone (water reabsorption) is due to Excessive ____ of vasopressin |
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Definition
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Term
| ____: impaired renal conservation of water. Causes Large volume of urine and Thirst, polydipsia |
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Definition
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Term
Two major types of Diabetes Insipidus:
____: inadequate secretion
____: inadequate renal response |
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Definition
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Term
| Neurogenic Diabetes Insipidus May be due to: (4) |
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Definition
| head injury, pituitary tumors, infections, and genetics |
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Term
| Replacement therapy is required for Neurogenic Diabetes Insipidus: _____ is preferred over ___ b/c it is 3000X more selective at ___ than ___ receptors |
|
Definition
Desmopressin
vasopressin
V2 than V1 |
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Term
| Response to ____ is a diagnostic tool b/c it distinguishes between neurogenic and nephrogenic DI |
|
Definition
Desmopressin
If you still don't respond to desmopressin treatment, then it is a nephrogenic DI, but if you do show a response to the treatment, then we know it is a neurogenic DI = inadequate secretion of vasopressin |
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Term
| Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus Primary causes are ___ & ____ related. It is the result of Failure of the expression of or signal transduction through the __ receptor or Dysfunction of the ___ |
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Definition
genetic and drug
V2
water channels |
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Term
| Drug induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is caused by: (2) |
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Definition
Lithium (nephrogenic DI in 33% of patients)
Demeclocycline |
|
|
Term
Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus Treatment:
Adequate ___ intake
____ for Lithium induced
____ diuretics (mechanism unknown) |
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Definition
|
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Term
Syndrome of Inappropriate Secretion of ADH
Too much secretion = water intoxication, hyponatremia, hypoosmolality. Can lead to Fatigue and lethargy -> convulsions and death |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Syndrome of Inappropriate Secretion of ADH Causes: (many) |
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Definition
| CNS injuries/diseases, pulmonary diseases, surgeries, and drugs (phenothiazines, narcotics, narcotics, TCA’s, chloropropramide, thiazide diuretics, cisplatin) |
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Term
Syndrome of Inappropriate Secretion of ADH Treatment:
1.) _____ (lithium has a low therapeutic efficacy and is more toxic)
2.) ___ diuretics
3.) ___ restriction |
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Definition
demeclocycline
Loop
Water |
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Term
Vasopressin Aqueous solution: IV, IM
Completely inactivated if given __
Drug of choice for __ receptor mediated therapeutic applications
Vasoconstriction of splanchnic arterial vessels to the portal system- for bleeding _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| Vasopressin Short half-life ~ __ min |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is Given IV for esophageal varices? |
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Definition
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Term
Desmopressin Preparations
IV, SQ, PO, Intranasally
Bioavailability of ___ & ___ preparations is LOW- so give large doses
Half-life of ~ 2 hours
Dosing is QD – BID (SQ) or BID –TID (PO or intranasally) |
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Definition
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Term
Desmopressin is the Treatment of choice for the anti-diuretic related disorders:
___ (NOT ____) diabetes insipidus
______- will increase the factor and shorten bleeding time |
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Definition
Neurogenic
nephrogenic
Type I von Willebrand’s disease |
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