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Pharm Exam 2
Heart failure, Resp conditions, dyslipidemia, angina +more
121
Pharmacology
Undergraduate 3
10/25/2011

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Cards

Term
Pain travels along?
Definition
C fibers
Term
Visceral pain
Definition
pain of the organs/smooth muscle of the abdomen
Term
Referred pain
Definition
pain is not in the place where the actually tissue damage is ocurring
Term
Neuropathic pain
Definition
pain of the fingers/feet, damaged nerves
Term
Psychogenic pain
Definition
due to traumas/procedures
Term
Central pain
Definition
CNS
Term
What are the 3 most common opioid analgesics?
Definition
morphine sulfate, fentanyl citrate, codeine sulfate
Term
What is the most common opioid antagonist?
Definition
Naloxone (Narcan)
Term
What are opioid anatagonists used for?
Definition
Reverse the resp. depression caused by opioid analgesics
Term
What is used for acetaminophen toxicity?
Definition
Acetylcysteine
Term
What class of drugs do cyclooxygenase inhibitors belong to?
Definition
NSAIDS
Term
What is celecoxib (Celebrex)?
Definition
a COX 2 inhibitor
Term
What is celebrex used for?
Definition
osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, dysmenorrhea, acute pain
Term
Can you used NSAIDS during pregnancy?
Definition
NO!
Term
Opioid tolerance
Definition
needing larger and larger doses to the maintain the same level of analgesia
Term
Physical dependence
Definition
withdrawal, seen when opioid analgesic is abruptly stopped or when opioid antagonist is given
Term
Psychological dependence
Definition
the need to use opioid analgesics for a reason other than pain relief
Term
Opioid analgesic side effects on the skin?
Definition
itching, wheal formation
Term
How is nitroglycerin normally given?
Definition
Sublingually
Term
How do nitrates work?
Definition
They are vasodilators
Term
Beta-blockers/ACE inhibitors are most effective in what type of patients?
Definition
Caucasian patients
Term
CCB's/Diuretics are more effective in what types of patients?
Definition
Geriatric patients, African american patients
Term
3 different types of diuretics
Definition
thiazide, loop, potassium sparing
Term
What is the relationship between digoxin and potassium?
Definition
low levels of potassium while using digoxin may cause dysrythmias and toxicity
Term
How is digoxin given?
Definition
PO or IV
Term
Most commonly used thiazide diuretic
Definition
hydrochlorothiazide
Term
Most commonly used loop diuretic
Definition
furosemide (lasix)
Term
What do ACE inhibitors do?
Definition
Inhibit the RAAS
Term
What are PDI's used for?
Definition
short term management of HF
Term
Digoxin is a _____ line therapy.
Definition
Second
Term
Chronotropic
Definition
rate of the heart rate
Term
How does digoxin affect vision?
Definition
colored vision, halo vision
Term
How is digoxin toxicity treated?
Definition
Immunefab (Digibind)
Term
Most nitrates cause
Definition
Hypotension
Term
Name 3 CCB prototypes
Definition
Veraprimil, Nfedipine, Diltiazem
Term
Anti-ischemic therapy consists of
Definition
Nitroglycerin, IV morphine, supplemental 02, beta blocker, ACE inhibitor
Term
What are nitrates used for?
Definition
Angina
Term
Nitrate prototypes
Definition
nitroglycerin, isosorbide dinitrate, isosorbide mononitrate
Term
Name ARB prototypes
Definition
losartan, valsartan
Term
Dromotropic
Definition
rate of the conduction of electrical impulses
Term
Inotropic
Definition
force of the muscular contraction
Term
Digoxin is a
Definition
Cardiac glycoside anti-dysrhythmic
Term
What are PDI's?
Definition
Inotropes
Term
What is the most worrisome side effect of Inamrinone?
Definition
Thrombocytopenia
Term
Name PDI prototypes
Definition
Inamrinone, milrinone
Term
What do ARB's do?
Definition
Inhibit the RAAS
Term
Name ACE inhibitor prototypes
Definition
captopril, lisinopril, elanapril, quinapril
Term
What are cardiac glycosides used for?
Definition
HF, a fib, a flutter
Term
Most commonly used potassium sparing diuretic
Definition
Spironalactone (aldactone)
Term
What class does Epi belong to?
Definition
Alpha/beta adrenergic
Term
How is epi administered?
Definition
IV or SQ
Term
Epi side effects
Definition
hypertensive crisis, dysrythmias, angina, necrosis following extravasation, hyperglycema
Term
What is Epi used for?
Definition
restore cardiac function during arrest, anaphylactic shock, delay absorption of anesthetic, overcome AV block, increase BP, broncodilation
Term
What are adrenergic catecholamines?
Definition
substances that produce a sympathomimetic response
Term
Treating CHF (UNLOAD FAST)
Definition
upright position, nitroglycerin, oxygen, ACE inhibitors, digoxin, decrease fluids, decrease afterload, sodium restriction, tests
Term
Non-Cardioselective beta blockers
Definition
labetalol, carvedilol, sotalol, propanolol
Term
Cardio-selective beta blockers
Definition
Atenolol, metropolol, esmolol
Term
2 different types of adrenergic catecholamines
Definition
endogenous or synthetic
Term
What are the actions of beta blockers?
Definition
decrease HR, decrease BP, decrease rate of AV conduction
Term
Acetaminophen drug interactions
Definition
ALCOHOL, liver failure/dysfunction, hepatotoxic drugs
Term
Celebrex side effects
Definition
bleeding, GI ulceration, increased risk for MI/stroke, pulmonary edema, renal impairment
Term
Side effects of beta blockers
Definition
bradycardia, hypotension, lethargy, GI disturbance, CHF, depression
Term
Digoxin drug interactions
Definition
ACE inhibitors, ARB's, diuretics, sympathomimetics, quinide, veraprimil, amphotercin B, Anatacids, steroids, some antibiotics
Term
Opioid analgesic side effects: GI/GU
Definition
urinary retention, nausea, vomiting, constipation
Term
Opioid analgesic side effects: Resp/CV
Definition
RESP DEPRESSION, bradycardia, hypotension, diaphoresis, flushing
Term
Opioid analgesic side effects: CNS
Definition
euphoria, CNS depression, pupil constriction (miosis)
Term
How does celebrex work?
Definition
Inhibits the action of COX2, inhibits prostaglandin/leuktriene pathway
Term
What are celebrex drug interactions?
Definition
Warfarin, decreased effect of lasix, decreased effect of ACE inhibitors, decreased levels of lithium, levels of celebrex can be increased by flucanozole
Term
1st generation NSAIDS (COX1)
Definition
ibuprofen, naproxen, naproxen plus lansoprazole, indomethacin, ketorolac
Term
How do opioid analgesics work?
Definition
mimick actions of endogenous opioid receptors, at mu1 opioid sites
Term
How does acetaminophen work?
Definition
inhibits production of prostaglandins
Term
what is the most common type of non-opioid analgesic?
Definition
acetaminophen
Term
How do opioid analgesics work?
Definition
bind to opioid receptors and prevent response
Term
Contraindications for opioid analgesics
Definition
known allergy, chronic resp issue, pregnancy, increased intracranial pressure
Term
Somatic pain
Definition
pain of the muscles, joints, ligaments
Term
C fibers
Definition
small, w/o myelin sheath, slow conduction
Term
A fibers
Definition
large, myelin sheath, fast conduction
Term
Analgesics treat pain without?
Definition
LOC
Term
Most commonly used cholesterol lowering agents
Definition
STATINS= HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
Term
Drug of choice for HF pt. with fluid overload
Definition
loop diuretic
Term
Drug of choice for HTNsive emergencies
Definition
nitroprusside IV
Term
Drug of choice for initial therapy of HTN
Definition
Thiazides
Term
Name 2 anti-rhinitis decongestants
Definition
psuedoephedrine (sudafed), phenylphenerine (sudafed PE)
Term
Name 4 intranasal corticosteroids
Definition
bedamethasone, fluticasone proprionate (flonase), mometasone (nasonex), trimcinalone (nasocort)
Term
Name the 2nd generation H1 antagonists *non drowsy
Definition
cetrizine (zyrtec), loratidine (claritin), fexofenadine (allegra)
Term
Name 1st. generation antihistamines *drowsy
Definition
chorheniramine, clemastine, diphenhydramine
Term
H1 antagonists are?
Definition
Anti-histamines
Term
What do methylxanthines treat?
Definition
asthma, bronchitis, emphysema
Term
Name 3 methylxanthines
Definition
theophylline, aminophylline, dyphillene
Term
Name 3 LABA's (long acting beta antagonists)
Definition
fluticasone/sametrol (advair), budesonide/formetrol (symbicort)
Term
Mast cell stabilizers treat?
Definition
Asthma
Term
Name 2 mast cell stabilizers
Definition
cromolyn, nedocromil
Term
Leukotriene modifiers treat?
Definition
Chronic asthma
Term
Name leukotriene modifier prototypes
Definition
montelukast (singulair), zafirlukast, zileuton
Term
Leuktriene modifiers/receptor agonists are?
Definition
Anti-inflammatory
Term
Corticosteroids treat?
Definition
bronchospasm, inflammation
Term
What are bronchodilators used for?
Definition
Bronchospasms
Term
What class do bronchodilators belong to?
Definition
Beta2-Adrenergic agonists
Term
What are 2 bronchodilators?
Definition
albuterol, salmeterol
Term
Beta-Adrenergic agonists result in...
Definition
bronchial, GI, uterine smooth muscle relaxation, glycogenolysis, cardiac stimulation
Term
Beta-Adrenergic side effects
Definition
mild tremors, HA, nervousness, dizziness, tachycardia, palpitations, dysrhythmias, BP fluctuation, sweating, N/V, muscle cramps
Term
Alpha adrenergic side effects
Definition
HA, restlessness, excitement, insomnia, euphoria, palpitations, tachycardia, vasoconstriction, HTN, anorexia, dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, taste changes (rare)
Term
What are dopaminergic receptors?
Definition
adrenergic receptors stimulated by dopamine, cause dilation of renal, mesenteric, coronary, cerebral blood vessels
Term
What are nitrates side effects?
Definition
HA, tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension, methemoglobin, rash, tolerance develops
Term
Corticosteroids aka
Definition
Glucocorticoids
Term
Nitrate drug interactions
Definition
hypotensive drugs, PDI type 5 for ED, beta blockers, veraprimil, diltiazem
Term
Types of sympatholytics
Definition
beta blockers, alpha blockers, beta/alpha blockers, centrally acting Alpha1 agonists, direct acting vasodilators
Term
Most commonly prescribe statin
Definition
Lipitor
Term
Nictonic acid is a?
Definition
Antilipemic
Term
Good LDL level
Definition
less than 130 mg/dl
Term
Good HDL level
Definition
over 45 mg/dl
Term
Total cholesterol should be
Definition
less than 200 mg/dl
Term
Drugs used to treat CHD
Definition
HMG CoA reducatase inhibitors, bile acid sequestrants, nicotinic acid, fibrates (TG's only)
Term
HMG CoA reductase inhibitors are?
Definition
Antilipemics
Term
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors prototypes
Definition
atrovastatin, lovastatin, pravastatin, rosuvastatin, simvastatin
Term
STATINS are given
Definition
PO
Term
Side effects of statins
Definition
HA, rash, dyspepsia, cramps, flatulence, constipation, abdominal pain
Term
STATINS adverse effects
Definition
hepatotoxicity, myopathy, peripheral neuropathy, link to parkinsons
Term
STATINS drug interactions
Definition
other lipid lowering drugs (except bile acid sequestrants), drugs that inhibit CYP3A4
Term
Can STATINS be used during pregnancy?
Definition
NO THEY ARE CATEGORY X
Term
How are STATINS dosed?
Definition
1x daily in the evening
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