Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Pharm Exam 2
Specific drugs
48
Health Care
Graduate
02/18/2011

Additional Health Care Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Atropine - drug class
Definition
cholinergic antagonists/ cholinergic blockers
unopposed sympathetic stimulation
block muscarinic receptors
do not block nicotinic receptors
Term
Atropine - AE
Definition
(Dose Dependent)
Xerostomia, Blurred vision, Irritated eyes, Tachycardia, Constipation, CNS: Restlessness, confusion, hallucinations, delirium
IF TOXIC treat with lose dose cholinesterase inhibitors
Term
Bethanechol - drug class
Definition
Direct Cholinergic Agonist
Not destroyed by acetylcholinesterase
Term
Carbachol - drug class
Definition
Direct Cholinergic Agonist
Muscarinic + Nicotinic Actions
Resistant to acetylcholinesterases
Non-selectivity
Term
Bethanechol - Actions
Definition
GI: ↑ intestinal motility & tone, GU: Expulsion of urine
Term
Bethanechol - Uses
Definition
Postoperative abdominal distention or urinary distention
Term
Bethanechol - AE
Definition
Effects of generalized cholinergic stimulation: Sweating, Salivation, Flushing, ↓ BP, Nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, Bronchospasm -Be careful with asthma pts
Term
Carbachol - Uses
Definition
Non-selectivity
Used locally in the eye: Miotic agent for glaucoma- Causes pupillary constriction & ↓ intraocular pressure
Term
Carbachol - AE
Definition
Little AE’s with ophthalmic use due to little systemic absorption- BUT can in some instances
Term
Pilocarpine- drug class
Definition
Direct Cholinergic Agonist, structurally similar to Ach
Resistant to acetylcholinesterases
Muscarinic activity
Term
Pilocarpine- Actions
Definition
When applied locally to eye it causes miosis & contraction of ciliary muscle
Vision is fixed at a distance making it very difficult to focus
Promotes salivation
Term
Pilocarpine- Uses
Definition
Emergent lowering of intraocular pressure: Very effective for opening trabecular meshwork around Schlemm’s canal (↑ drainage of aqueous humor)
Xerostomia
Term
Pilocarpine- AE
Definition
May enter CNS & cause systemic effects: Profuse sweating, Salivation
Term
Physostigmine - drug class
Definition
Indirect Cholinergic Agonist
Acetylcholinesterase substrate- form stable bond to inhibit Ach destruction
Term
Physostigmine -Uses
Definition
Treatment of overdoses of drugs with anticholinergic actions (reversal of CNS effects of atropine)
Term
Physostigmine- AE
Definition
Convulsions (high doses), bradycardia & ↓CO, skeletal muscle paralysis
may enter CNS
Term
Neostigmine - drug class
Definition
Indirect Cholinergic Agosist
Synthetic inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase - more Ach available
Term
Neostigmine - Actions
Definition
Greater effects on skeletal muscle: stimulates contractility before paralyzing effects
Polar compound: ↓ CNS penetration
Term
Neostigmine- Uses
Definition
Stimulation of bladder & GI tract
Antidote for tubocurarine (& other NM blocking agents)
Myasthenia gravis
Term
Neostigmine- AE
Definition
Generalized cholinergic effects: Salivation, ↓ BP, flushing, nausea, Abd. Pain, diarrhea, bronchospasm
Term
Pyridostigmine & ambenomium
Definition
Anticholinesterase
chronic myasthenia gravis
Term
Demecarium
Definition

Anticholinesterase

chronic open-angle glaucoma

closed- angle glaucoma

Dx & Tx of accommodative esotropia

Term
Edrophonium
Definition

Anticholinesterase

DoA 10-20min

Dx of myasthenia gravis

May cause cholinergic crisis: antidote=atropine

Term
Tacrine, Donepazil, Rivastigmine & Galatamine
Definition

Anticholinesterases

Use in Alzheimer's disease

AE: GI upset

Term
Echothiophate - drug class
Definition
Anticholinesterase- Irreversible bond
permanantly inactives acetylcholinesterase- synthesis of new molecules for normal activity to return
Term
Echothiophate - actions
Definition
Toxic- found in nerve gases & insecticides
Generalized cholinergic activity, paralysis of motor function, convulsions
Miosis-used topically for glaucoma (3rd line tx)
Term
Atropine - Action
Definition
eye: myhydriasis (danger in narrow-angle glaucoma), no light response, cycloplegia
GI: antispasmotic (POTENT)
Urinary: decrease hypermotility of bladder
decrease secretions: sweat, lacrimation, salivary, respiration tract
Term
Atropoine - Uses
Definition
Ophthalmic- dilates
Antispasmodic- relax GI tract
Antisecretory- blocks secretions of respiratory tract (preoperatively)
Term
Scopolamine - drug class
Definition
cholinergic antagonists/ cholinergic blockers
nopposed sympathetic stimulation
block muscarinic receptors
do not block nicotinic receptors
Term
Scopolamine - Actions
Definition
One of the most effective anti-motion sickness drugs
Term
Scopolamine - Uses
Definition
Prevention of motion sickness
Used in anesthetic regimens- to dry secretions
Prophylactic treatment
Term
Ipratropium- drug class
Definition
cholinergic antagonists/ cholinergic blockers
unopposed sympathetic stimulation
block muscarinic receptors
do not block nicotinic receptors
Term
Ipratropium- AE
Definition
local action & low CNS effects- little AE associated
Term
Ipratropium- Uses
Definition
Inhalant- for COPD & some asthma (2nd line)
Polar: low CNS effects
Term
Tropicamide & Cylcopentolate
Definition
cholinergic antagonists/ cholinergic blockers
opthalmic conditions: mydriasis & cycloplegia (like atropine)
Shorter DoA than atropine
Term
Tolterodine, Solifenancin, & Festoterodine
Definition
Competitive muscarinic receptor antagonists
Used for overactive bladder (contraction of bladder smooth muscle)
Term
Tubocurarine- drug class
Definition
Nicotonic: Neuromuscular Blocking Drugs
Antagonists (Non-depolarizing type): Competition with Ach to binding site = flaccid paralysis
Term
Tubocurarine- Uses
Definition
Lowers the amount of anesthesia required for surgical procedures
can overcome by increasing concentration of Ach
Term
Tubocurarine- AE
Definition
Histamine release & ganglionic blockade
Term
Succinylcholine - Drug class
Definition
Nicotinic: Depolarizing Neuromuscular Blockers
Term
Succinylcholine - Actions
Definition
Causes transient twitching of the muscles (fasiculations)- flaccid paralysis
Term
Succinylcholine - Uses
Definition
Rapid endotracheal intubation
Term
Succinylcholine - AE
Definition
Hyperthermia, Apnea (pts with low plasma cholinesterases), Hyperkalemia (risk with pts with massive tissue damage)
Term
Pancuronium
Definition
Nondepolarizing nicotinic neuromuscular blocker
Vagolytic (increases HR)
Term
Epinephrine - drug class
Definition
Direct adrenergic agonist,
catecholamine
a (high doses predominate) & b (low doses predominate) receptors
Term
Direct Adrenergic Agonists
Definition
Term
Indirect Adrenergic agonists
Definition
Term
Mixed action agonists
Definition
Supporting users have an ad free experience!