Term
|
Definition
| Causes lactation; no clinical use |
|
|
Term
| Bromocriptine and Cabergoline |
|
Definition
Used to decrease prolactin release to inhibit breast tenderness and lactation
Treat amenorrhea and galactorrhea that are due to hyperprolacinemia due to pituitary adenoma
Paradoxically decrease GH secretion from GH-adenomas
Cause orthostatic hypotension, fatigue, psychiatric disturbances
CI in pregnancy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Used to treat growth failure due to GH deficiency, chronic renal disease, Turner's syndrome
Treats cachexia and AIDS wasting
Improves metabolic state, increases lean body mass, sense of well-being in adults
Improved GI function in pts with short bowel syndrome
SC or IM injections; 9-17 hour half life
Can cause injection site reactions; fluid retention, edema, which reduces with treatment time; musculoskeletal pain, stiffness; hyperglycemia, hypothyroidism
CI in pts with acute critical illness, acute respiratory insufficiency, DM, hypothyroidism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Synthetic GHRH approved for tx of GH deficiency, isn't as effective as GH therapy
Used diagnostically to determine origin of GH deficiency |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Recombinant IGF-1
Used for pts who are unresponsive to GH therapy
Not as effective as GH therapy
Injected SC 2x/day |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Mix of recombinant IGF-1 and IGF-BP
Used for pts who are unresponsive to GH therapy
Longer half life, SC 1x/day |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Somatostatin analogs
Inhibit secretion of 5-HT, gastrin, VIP, insulin, glucagon, secretin, motilin, PP, GH, thyrotropin
Increases intestinal absorption of water and electrolytes, decreases acid secretion, increases intestinal transit time
Used to treat GH excess; treat other hormone-secreting tumors, can reduce tumor size/growth
Treats excess diarrhea
Injected SC 3x/day
L injected 1x/month
Have GI effects that go away, cause gallstones and gallbladder sludge
Cause heart problems
CI GB disease, DM, cardiac disease, thyroid problems |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
GH receptor antagonist
Used for GH excess syndromes
Return to normal IGF-1 levels in 97% pts
Injected SC 1x/day
Can cause growth of GH-secreting tumor (lack of negative feedback)
Can cause reversible hepatotoxicity
CI hepatic disease |
|
|
Term
| Leuprolide, Nafarelin, Goserelin |
|
Definition
Used to inhibit HPG axis activity
GnRH agonists that with continuous administration cause initial surge and then inhibition of gonadotropin release
Used in prostate cancer to reduce androgen production
Used to treat women with endometriosis, PCOS, uterine leiomyomas
Used to treat precocious puberty
Causes menopausal sxs in women
Causes ovarian cysts and testicular atrophy; decreases bone density
In men with metastatic prostate tumors, initial rise in testosterone can cause bone pain, so give with an anti-androgen
CI pregnancy and breast-feeding |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
GnRH antagonists
C is competative GnRH receptor antagonist
Suppresses LH as lower doses, FSH at higher doses
Suppresses endogenous LH and FSH for Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART)
Used to treat endometriosis and uterine fibroids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Used as an FSH drug
FSH required for development of ovarian follicle and estrogen synthesis from ovarian granulosa cells; stimulates spermatogenesis in men in Sertoli cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Purified preparations with only FSH
FSH required for development of ovarian follicle and estrogen synthesis from ovarian granulosa cells; stimulates spermatogenesis in men in Sertoli cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Recombinant human FSH, more expensive
FSH required for development of ovarian follicle and estrogen synthesis from ovarian granulosa cells; stimulates spermatogenesis in men in Sertoli cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
LH agonist
Similar structure to LH and binds to LH receptor
Longer half-life than LH
LH secreted in a pulsatile manner in response to GnRH; secreted just before ovulation, stimulates ovulation and luteinization of ovarian follicles; required for progesterone synthesis; stimulates testosterone synthesis in Leydig cells
Can cause ovarian enlargement, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
Risk of multiple births
Gynecomastia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Recombinant hCG
LH secreted in a pulsatile manner in response to GnRH; secreted just before ovulation, stimulates ovulation and luteinization of ovarian follicles; required for progesterone synthesis; stimulates testosterone synthesis in Leydig cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Recombinant LH
Only approved for combination use with Follitropin alfaLH secreted in a pulsatile manner in response to GnRH; secreted just before ovulation, stimulates ovulation and luteinization of ovarian follicles; required for progesterone synthesis; stimulates testosterone synthesis in Leydig cells |
|
|
Term
| Insulin lispro, aspart, glulisine |
|
Definition
| Fast acting insulin, modified at the AA level; names have AA in the name |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Primary treatment for diabetic ketoacidosis; decreases gluconeogenesis in the liver and increases glucose uptake in liver, muscle and adipose tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Intermediate acting insulin |
|
|
Term
| Insulin glargine, determir |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ethanyl estradiol, mestranol |
|
Definition
| Synthetic estrogens, only found in combination oral contraceptives |
|
|
Term
| Conjugated equine estrogens, synthetic estrogens |
|
Definition
| Used for hormone replacement therapy of estrogen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM)
Agonist in uterus and bone, antagonist in breast
DOC for breast cancer
Does not relieve hot flashes
Oral
Increased risk of uterine cancer, may decrease HDL
CI thromboembolic disease, breast feeding |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Another SERM that increases HDL |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
SERM that is antagonist in breast and uterus
Agonist in bone and liver
Used for prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis
Lowers serum concentrations of total and LDL cholesterol in postmenopausal women
Can cause hot flashes, DVT, leg cramps |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
DOC for infertility treatment in women with intact HPG
SERM antagonist in hypothalamis
Agonist everywhere else
Used for infertility, stimulates LH and FSH (inhibits negative feedback)
5 day course, oral
Can cause hot flashes, hair loss, multiple pregnancies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Estrogen receptor antagonist
Effective in some pts with tamoxifen-resistant tumors
Can cause hot flashes, GI sxs, HA, back pain, pharyngitis |
|
|
Term
| Anastrozole, Letrozole, Exemastane |
|
Definition
Do not inhibit adrenal steroid synthesis
Nonsteroidal competitive inhibitors of aromatase
Used for treatment of advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women
Treatment of advanced breast cancer in pts who have disease progression on tamoxifen
Can cause menopausal syndrome (hot flashes) |
|
|
Term
| Progesterone, medroxyprogesterone, megastrol acetate |
|
Definition
Derivatives of progestin
Antagonize mineralocorticoid receptor
Require IM injections
Used as oral contraceptives
Prevent endometrial hyperplasia in HRT
Treatment of dysmenorrhea, endometriosis, hirsutism, uterine bleeding disorders when estrogens are CI
Can cause increase in BP, can reduce plasma HDL, cause depression |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Derived from testosterone
Used as oral contraceptives
Prevent endometrial hyperplasia in HRT
Treatment of dysmenorrhea, endometriosis, hirsutism, uterine bleeding disorders when estrogens are CI
Can cause increase in BP, can reduce plasma HDL, cause depression |
|
|
Term
| Desogestrone, norgestimate, norgestrel |
|
Definition
Have selective progestin activity
Used as oral contraceptives
Prevent endometrial hyperplasia in HRT
Treatment of dysmenorrhea, endometriosis, hirsutism, uterine bleeding disorders when estrogens are CI
Can cause increase in BP, can reduce plasma HDL, cause depression |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Blocks progestin binding to progesterone receptor
Used for pregnancy termination
Can prevent implantation if given 72 hours after intercourse
Antagonizes glucocorticoid receptor
Induces labor at end of 3rd trimester after fetal death
GI adverse effects
CI in pregnancy or breastfeeding |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Weak progestin, androgen and glucocorticoid that suppresses ovarian function
Used to treat endometriosis
Causes weight gain, edema, acne, hirsutism, deep voice, HA, libido changes, flush |
|
|
Term
| Testosterone, methyltestosterone, fluoxymasterone, oxymethalone, oxandrolone |
|
Definition
Used for men with testicular deficiency, aging and impotence (avoided due to incidence of prostate cancer), anemia
Used for women with female hypopituitarism, treat with estrogens too
Both sexes treat short stature, treat hypoproteinemia of nephrosis, use in debilitated posteop pts who have negative nitrogen balance
Can cause decreased testosterone and spermatogenesis in males
Can cause masculiization, loss of gonadotropins in females
Can cause psuedohermaphroditism in pregnant females
In both sexes can cause facial hair, baldness, oily skin, acne, decreased HDL, psychological changes
CI pregnancy, growing children |
|
|
Term
| Spironolactone, Ketoconazole |
|
Definition
Androgen synthesis inhibitors
Used to treat hirsutism and PMS in women, precocious puberty |
|
|
Term
| Flutamide, Bicalutamide, Nilutamide |
|
Definition
Reduces male sex accessory organ function
Non-steroidal androgen receptor antagonist
Used for prostate cancer
Can be used topically for hirsutism and male pattern baldness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Inhibit 5a-reductase, decreasing levels of DHT
Increased total testosterone, TSH
Decreased PSA
Used to treat BPH, male pattern baldness
CI in pregnancy due to teratogenicity
Reduced levels of PSA may mask detection of prostate cancer |
|
|
Term
| Glyburid, Glipizide, Glimepiride |
|
Definition
| Second generation sulfonylureas; more potent than first generation; stimulate insulin release from pancreatic B cells; can cause hypoglycemia, weight gain and CI in pts with allergies to sulfa drugs |
|
|
Term
| Tolbutamide, Chlorpropamide, Tolazamide |
|
Definition
| First generation sulfonylureas; worse than second generation; cause hypoglycemia and weight gain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Meglitinides that act on K channes on B cells to increase insulin release; cause euglycemia by decreasing postprandial serum glucose, mimics insulin better; decreases HbA1c |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Increases glucose uptake, decreases glucose absorption from GI, decreases glucagon and gluconeogenesis; does not increase body weight, decreases macrovascular events, safe in children; cause lactic acidosis and diarrhea (in top 5 drugs for diarrhea); CI in CHF (TEST QUESTION) |
|
|
Term
| Pioglitazone, Rosiglitazone |
|
Definition
| Thiazolidinediones that sensitize tissues to insulin; acts on PPARy receptor that causes post-receptor insulin mimetic action; prophylactic use to decrease development of DMII; cause edema and one has black label warning for heart disease; CI in hepatic disease and CHF |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors that reduce glucose absorption in GI; no effects on weight; causes flatulence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Incretin mimetics; synthetic GLP-1 that is resistant to enzymatic degradation; requires injection before meals; lowers postprandial and fasting glucose; potentially increases B cell number and function; slows gastric emptying; weight loss |
|
|
Term
| Sitagliptin, Saxagliptin, Linagliptin |
|
Definition
| DPP-IV inhibitors; potentiates effects of incretin hormones; no effect on weight; oral drug; can cause pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Amylin-like peptide that is an adjunct to insulin therapy; for type I and type II DM; synthetic analog of amylin, hormone consecreted with insulin; causes weight loss |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| DA agonist used to inhibit sympathetic tone of CNS to decrease postmeal plasma glucose levels due to enhanced suppression of hepatic glucose production; reduces CV effects in diabetics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Non-diuretic thiazide, vasodilator and hyperglycemic; inhibits insulin secretion, decreases peripheral glucose utilization, stimulates hepatic glucose production; used in pts with insulinoma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
DOC for labor at term if indicated
Causes timed contractions
IV infusion perferred
Used for prevention of hemorrhage IM
Used for stimulation of milk let-down reflex, nasal application administration
Can cause water intoxication with convulsions (ADH-like effects)
Uterine rupture, anaphylaxis, sinus bradycardia of fetus |
|
|
Term
| Ergonovine maleate, Methylergonovine maleate |
|
Definition
Ergots used to contract uterine smooth muscle through activation of 5-HT and a-adrenergic receptors
Used after completion of labor and delivery of placenta to decrease bleeding
Second line after massage and oxytocin haven't worked
CI in hepatic and renal disease
Should NEVER be used to induce labor, contractions too strong |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Synthetic prostaglandin E2
Used to induce expulsion of uterine contents in abortion, fetal death
Used for cervical ripening before term delivery
Suppository for abortions
Gel for cervical ripening
Can cause GI disturbances, vomiting, diarrhea
Fever, chills, HA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Derivative of PGF2a
Used to induce abortion between 13th and 20th week
Used to treat postpartum bleeding due to uterine atony unresponsive to conventional management
IM administration
Can cause vomiting and diarrhea
CI in pts with acute cardiac, pulmonary, renal, hepatic diseases
Asthma, HTN, anemia, jaundice, epilepsy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Given with a glucocorticoid for replacemnt therapy in adrenocortical insufficiency |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cortisol; equal glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid effects; used for replacement therapy for adrenal insufficiency |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cortisol; converted to hydrocortisone in the body |
|
|
Term
| Prednisone and Prednisolone |
|
Definition
| More glucocorticoid effect than mineralocorticoid; most commonly prescribed oral glucocorticoids |
|
|
Term
| Triamcinolone and Methylprednisolone |
|
Definition
| No mineralocorticoid activity; high glucocorticoid activity; newer glucocorticoid drugs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Glucocorticoid for cerebral edema because it enters the CNS; used when endogenous cortisol levels have to be measured (Cushing's test) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Most commonly prescribed glucocorticoid for inhaled and intranasal use |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Off market inhibitor of conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone, inhibits all steroid synthesis; used in Cushing's syndrome and breast and prostate cancer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Oral antifungal that in high doses can inhibit steroidogenesis by inhibiting 17a-hydroxylase; used for Cushing's |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Adrenocorticolytic, causes adrenocortical atrophy; used in primary renal carcinoma and Cushing's |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Off market aldosterone and cortisol reduction; used to treat Cushing's, can be given to pregnant women |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Antagonist of progesterone and glucocorticoid receptors; used in inoperable Cushing's pts that haven't responded to other treatments |
|
|
Term
| Spironolactone, Eplerenone |
|
Definition
| Mineralocortocoid receptor antagonist; can use to treat hirsutism and ascites associated with cirrhosis, to treat primary hyperaldosteronism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| T4 given to hypothydroid pts to normalize pts thydroid hormones; measure with TSH levels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| T3 used to give rapid increase in thyroid action in the body |
|
|
Term
| Methimazole and Propylthiouracil |
|
Definition
Decreases synthesis and release of T4; M more potent
P blocks conversion of T4 to T3 peripherally
Effects are gradual, circulating T3/T4 last a week or so
First line for Graves' disease
P causes liver failure
Use P in early pregnancy because M causes teratogens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Short term decrease in synthesis and release of T3/T4; used before surgery
Prevents thyroid storms
Also used for radioactive emergencies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
B blocker used to treat the sxs of hyperthyroidism
CI in asthma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Analogs of pyrophosphate
Inhibit osteoclastic activity and bone resorptoin; bind to Ca salts and replace the phosphate, blocking hydroxyapatite
Inhibit formation, aggregation, dissolution of hydroxyapatite in bone, making bone denser
First line treatment for osteoporosis in men and women
Used to treat Paget's disease
Absorption is poor, should be taken 2 hours before breakfast
Taken with 1/2 cup of water to flush into stomach
Pts must remain upright for 30-60 minutes to reduce GI irritation
IV formulations must be given slowly or the pt might suffer renal toxicity
Oral drug causes abdominal pain, upper GI irritation, esophageal ulceration, diarrhea, flatulence
IV can cause renal toxicity
Both can cause N/V, osteonecrosis of the jaw |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Decreases bone resorption of Ca, antagonizes PTH; decreased bone pain and loss
Nasal spray and injection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Recombinant PTH; intermittent administration produces growth; prodrug, ONLY anabolic drug for osteoporosis
Used to treat osteoporosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Human antibody against RANKL
Density osteo human monoclonal antibody
Inhibits bone resorptoin
Antibody to RANK ligand made by osteoblasts that is necessary for formation of mature osteoclasts
Used in severe osteoporosis in postmenopausal women
Increases bone mass and strength in cortical and trabecular bone
SC injection once every 6 months
Can cause eczema, hypocalcemia, osteonecrosis of jaw
CI in hypocalcemia, pregnancy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Binds to calcium sensing receptor
Blocks PTH release by this mechanism
Used to treat secondary hyperparathyroidism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
RDA is 1000mg, not to exceed 2000mg
Ca alone cannot prevent or treat osteoporosis, but adequate Ca needed for any other treatment to work
Best absorbed from certain preps; chewable tablets best
Better when absorbed throughout the day, take twice daily
Can inhibit Fe absorption and absorption of thyroid medication
Cholecalciferol synthesized in skin with sun D3
Ergocalciferol from plants, found in milk and cereal D2; must be converted to D3
Calcitriol most active form
Vitamin D must be adequate for optimal absorption of Ca
Increases GI Ca and PO4 absorption, decreases excretion
Used in Vitamin D deficiency
Rickets
Hypoparathyroidism
Osteomalacia
Does not need to be taken at the same time as Ca |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Long acting B2 agonists; for prevention and prophylaxis; effect takes 20-30 mins; should be used in combination with steroid
Causes tachycardia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Muscarinic antagonist; used to treat asthma in pts who can't tolerate B2 agonists
DOC for COPD |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Increases cAMP by inhibiting PDE in the bronchial cells
Blocks effects of adenosine receptor, similar to caffeine
Relaxes smooth muscle, stimulates CNS and heart
Used for asthma that can't be controlled by B2 agonists
Causes insomnia, anxiety, tremor (like drinking lots of coffee)
Tachycardia, arrhythmias
Narrow therapeutic range
Blood level can differ from generics and real |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Decreases inflammation, reduces bronchial activity, improves response to B agonists
Few side effects because not absorbed systemically
Oral used for severe asthma
Side effects oral candidiasis |
|
|
Term
| Zileuton, Zafirlukast, Montelukast, Pranlukast |
|
Definition
Blocks LT receptors and 5-lipooxygenase
Decreases inflammatory cells, mucus secretion, bronchoconstriction
May allow a lower steroid dose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Inhibit release of histamine from mast cells; used mainly in children
Given to treat asthma, given for prevention |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Monoclonal antibody to IgE Fc receptor; prevents binding of IgE to cells associated with allergic response
Lowers free serum IgE concentrations
Used for moderate to severe allergic asthma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| B2 agonist that inhibit histamine release and relax airway smooth muscles; act 4-6 hours, short acting; rescue inhaler |
|
|
Term
| H1 Antagonists Diphenhydramine, Promethazine, Hydroxyzine, Dimenhydrinate |
|
Definition
Inverse agonists/competative antagonists that decrease activity of the H1 receptor; inhibit smooth muscle response, vasodilation, flare and itch, salivary and lacrimal gland secretion, and counter motion sickness
Very sedating because they enter the brain
Decrease seizure threshold |
|
|
Term
| Second generation H1 Antagnoists Cetirizine, Loratadine, Fexofenadine |
|
Definition
Inverse agonists/competative antagonists that decrease activity of the H1 receptor
Metabolized by p450
Do not enter the brain well so sedation is less common
Do not have anticholinergic effects, not useful for motion sickness
Decrease seizure threshold
C, Levo, Acri directly excreted by kidney |
|
|
Term
| Cromolyn, Azelastine, Cetirizine |
|
Definition
Histamine release inhibitors
Used by direct application to nasal tissue or bronchi |
|
|
Term
| Cimetidine, Ranitidine, Famotidine, Nizatidine |
|
Definition
H2 antagonists that decrease GI formation through H2 receptor blockade; nocturnal acid reduced best
C causes gynecomastia and impotence; inhibits metabolism of many drugs because it is CYP inhibitor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Short acting agonist of GnRH that is pulsed IV
Not available in US
Used to treat infertility by inducing ovulation in women
Diagnosing hypoogonadotropic hypogonadism
Used to treat delayed puberty
Used to stimulate spermatogenesis in men with hypogondatropic hypogonadism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Non-steroid with estrogen activity
Used to treat primary hypogonadism in estrogen deficient patients
Used in postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy
Oral contraceptives
Decrease uterine bleeding
Suppress ovulation in women with dysmenorrhea
Treat androgen-dependent cancers
Can cause uterine hyperplasia, breast tenderness, migraines
HTN, hyperpigmentation, thromboembolism and accelerated blood clotting
CI in estrogen-dependent neoplasms, undiagnosed genetal bleeding, uncontrolled HTN, liver disease, history of thromboembolic disorders, smoking, pregnancy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Neutralized acid in the GI tract
Can cause metabolic alkalosis
Use caution in CHF because it has Na
Change absorption of drugs or form insoluble complexes
Tetracycline binds to Ca, isoniazid, ketoconazole, quniolone, digitalis, antibiotics, iron |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Antacid that can cause milk alkali syndrome
Not helpful for ulcers because it can cause an acid rebound |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Poorly absorbed antacid
Causes diarrhea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Antacid that causes constipation
Combined with magnesium to cancel out diarrhea
Decreased renal function can be a problem |
|
|
Term
| PPIs (Omeprazole, etc...) |
|
Definition
Give as prodrugs that block H pumps
They only work in the stomach
Given once a day and best to take on an empty stomach
Can cause osteoporosis, HA, skin rash, bacterial overgrowth
Used for ulcers, GERD, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Provides protective barrier to cells in the base of ulcers
Coats the ulcer to protect from acid
Causes constipation, take without food
Stomach upset common |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Prostaglandin E1 analogue
Prevents or reduces NSAIDs-induced damage
CI in pregnancy, can induce abortion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
D2 antagonist and increases ACh release
Reduces reflux
Antiemetic
Causes GI cramping, diarrhea
HIgh doses can cause Parkinson's sxs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Blocks 5HT3 receptor to treat IBS
Can cause constipation, GI obstruction, perforation
Many CIs; Risk-benefit statement required |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
HT4 partial agonist
Stimulates peristalsis
Diarrhea side effect
Off the market |
|
|
Term
| Ondansetron (Zofran), etc... |
|
Definition
5HT3 antagonists
Very effective for nausea, vomiting
Few side effects |
|
|
Term
| Prochlorperazine, Promethazine |
|
Definition
Block DA receptors, muscarinic and histamine receptors
Used for post-op nausea
Highly sedating |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cannabinoid used to treat chemo nausea, appetite stimulant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Osmotic laxative that has profound osmotic effect
Used in cirrhosis and liver disease to decrease NH3
Causes flatulence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Laxative prep for colonoscopy
Found OTC, called Miralax for constipation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Prostaglandin analogue that activates Cl channels to increase fluid secretion in the gut
Softens stools for better GI motility |
|
|
Term
| Alvimopan, Methylnaltrexone |
|
Definition
Opioid mu receptor antagonist for the GI
NO central effects
Selective for GI to treat postop constipation after bowel surgery
For ST hospital use only |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Does not enter CNS
Opioid used to treat diarrhea |
|
|
Term
| Diphenoxylate/atropine (Lomotil) |
|
Definition
Given with atropine to reduce abuse potential, also increases effectiveness
Opioid used to treat diarrhea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Used for diarrhea by absorbing water and pathogens
Contains a salicylate for anti-inflammatory effects
Causes mouth, stools and tongue black
CI in children for Reyes and asthmatics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Anti-inflammatory aminosaliyclic acid product used in IBD
Requires bacteria in bowel to activate
Avoid in children |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Used to treat flatulence
Coats gas and dissipates |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Somatostatin analogue
Used to treat diarrhea caused by GI carcinoid tumors
Decreases release of 5-HT, gastrin, CCK
Decreases GI motility |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Muscarinic agonist used to increase GI motility |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Antibiotic used to treat diabetic gastroparesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Muscarinic antagonist used to treat IBS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Relaxes uterine muscles by direct effect on uterine cells
NOT FDA approved for premature labor
May be given to preeclamptic pts to prevent convulsions
IV
Can cause flushing, diaphoresis, hypotension
Depressed DTRs, weakness, lethargy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
CCB
Not FDA approved for premature labor
Do not use with MgSO4 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Not FDA approved for premature labor
NSAID
Reduces prostaglandin synthesis
May lead to maternal GI irritation, thrombocytopenia
Can cause partial closure of the fetal ductus arterioles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Not FDA approved for premature labor
Maintains length of pregnancy when given prophylactically
Used only in high risk women with hx of spontaneous birth less than 37 weeks
NOT effective in acute management of preterm labor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ermergency use only for uterine rupture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Not FDA approved for premature labor
Direct relaxant effect on myometrium and inhibition of oxytocin release
Inhibits premature labor
IV |
|
|
