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Pharm Dynamic and Kinetics
Formulas from the first lecture
38
Pharmacology
Graduate
09/14/2015

Additional Pharmacology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Vd
Definition

Dose


Concentration

 

Term

F

 

(Bioavailability)

Definition
1- ER
Term

k

 

(Elimination Constant)

Definition

Cl


Vd

 

Term

Cr Cl

 

Creatinine Clearance 

Definition

(140- age) x kg


SCr x 72

 

 

(x .85 for females) 

 

Term

Cl

 

(Clearance)

Definition

0.693 x Vd


t 1/2

 

Term

ClH

 

(Hepatic Clearance) 

Definition

LBF x ER

 

or 

 

LBF x (Cin-Cout)/Cin

 

Term

ER

 

 

(Extraction Ratio)

Definition

Cin-Cout


Cin

 

Term
First Order Pharmacokinetics
Definition
Percentage of drug decay over time
Term
Second Order Pharmacokinetics
Definition
Amount of drug decay over time
Term

C

 

(Concentration of drug on curve)

Definition
Cp= Co x e-kt
Term
t 1/2 
Definition

0.693


k

 

or

 

0.693 x Vd


Cl

 

Term
Css
Definition

Infusion rate


Cl

 

Term

Vss

 

(Volume at Steady State)

Definition

Vc + Vp

 

Volume in the central and peripheral compartments added together 

Term
Bioavilability
Definition
Fraction of dose that is absorbed relative to IV administration
Term

Cmax

 

(Peak Plasma Concentration)

Definition

highest observed plasma concentration

 

(depends on rate and extent of absorption)

Term
Tmax
Definition

Time of maximum plasma concentration

 

(depends on rate of absorption only)

Term
AUC
Definition

Area under the curve

 

(affected by extent of absorption and magnitude of total drug clearance)

Term
Absolute Bioavailability
Definition

F= AUCPO/AUCIV

 

fraction of dose that reaches systemic circulation from non-iv route relative to iv route 

Term
Relative Bioavailability
Definition
Fraction of dose that reaches systemic circulation of one formulation relative to standard formulation
Term
Elimination Half Time
Definition

The time necessary for plasma concentration to decline by 50% during the elimination phase 

 

(affected by Cl and Vd)

Term
Elimination Half-Life
Definition
Time necessary to eliminate 50% of the drug from the body after rapid IV injection
Term
Dosing Rate for Oral Drugs
Definition

Target Cp x Cl


F

 

Term
Loading Dose
Definition
Vd x Cpss
Term
Direct Agonist
Definition
binds directly to and activates target
Term
Indirect Agonist
Definition
Enhances availability or action of an endogenous ligand/agonist
Term
Competitive Antagonist
Definition
Reversibly competes with endogenous or exogenous agonist; may overcome by increasing agent
Term
Non-Competitive (Irreversible) Antagonist
Definition

Binds with the active site of the receptor and the maximum response reduced

 

Cannot be overcome by adding more agonist 

Term
Non-Competitive (Allosteric) Antagonist
Definition

Decreases agonist affinity by binding at site distinct from primary agonist

 

Maximum response reduced 

Term
ED50
Definition
Dose that provides 50% of max response
Term
EC50
Definition
Plasma concentration that provides 50% of max response
Term
Lipid Solubility
Definition
Increases Vd
Term
Plasma Protein Binding
Definition
Decreases Vd
Term
Ionization
Definition
High Ionization Decreases Vd
Term
Molecular Size
Definition
Larger molecules have a lower Vd
Term
Tissue Affinity
Definition
High affinity increase Vd
Term
First Pass Effect
Definition

Drugs absorbed through GI tract enter portal venous blood to the liver where the CYP450 enzymes in the endoplasmic reticulum of the the hepatocytes break durg down to more polar substances to be excreted

 

Phase I- oxidation, hydoxalation, demethylation

 

Phase II- glucuronidation, sulfation, actylation (conjugation reaction) 

Term
Excretion
Definition

Biliary- feces

 

Kidneys- Urine

 

Lungs- breathing off vapors etc. 

Term
Metabolism
Definition

Liver primary site

 

GI tract, Kidneys, Lungs, plasma esterases 

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