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Pharm - Cardiac Drugs - test 2
a
78
Pharmacology
Undergraduate 2
10/10/2011

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Term
left sided
Definition
heart failure that is most common
- blood backs up into the lungs first
Term
right sided
Definition
blood backs up into the venous system leading to ____ ____ HF
Term
lung congestion
Definition
an increase in preload will cause ______ _______
Term
digoxin
Definition
cardioglycoside used to treat heart failure
Term
pril "April"
Definition
Ace inhibitors end in _____
Term
carvedilol (coreg)
Definition
beta blocker of choice
- reduces cardiac workload
- must be started slowly
Term
ace inhibitor
Definition
preferred drug type for HF
- slows progression of HF
Term
Ace Inhibitors
Definition
drugs whose primary action are to lower blood pressure and reduce blood volume by enhancing the excretion of NA amd H2O
- also dialate BV back to heart
Term
Ace inhibotors
Definition
drugs whose s/e are dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, GI distress, nonproductive cough, headache
Term
ARB (angiotensin receptor blocker)
Definition
newer drug used for HF when ACE's adverse effects are not tolerated
Term
valsartan(Diovan) candesartan(Atacand)
Definition
two examples of ARBs (angiotensin-receptor blockers)
Term
diuretics
Definition
drug type that relieve symptoms of HF by reducing fluid = decrease workload and increased output
Term
diuretic
Definition
HF drug that increases the chance of Dig toxicity
Term
arrhythmias - increased HF
Definition
electrolyte imbalance (esp. hypokalemia) from diuretic use can cause ______ and _____ ____
Term
spironolactone (Aldactone)
Definition
diuretic that is potassium sparing
- blocks aldosterone in kidneys to get rid of Na and water
Term
cardiac glycosides
Definition
drug that increases the force of the heart's contraction without increasing O2 demand (postive inotropic action)
Term
SA node
Definition
cardiac glycosides depress the _______ which decreases HR
Term
diastole
Definition
cardiac glycosides decrease the heart size during _______
Term
kidney perfusion
Definition
cardiac glycosides promote diuresis by increasing ____________
Term
HF and A-Fib
Definition
two uses for Digoxin
Term
60
Definition
do not give digoxin of pulse is less than _____
Term
digibind
Definition
digoxin antidote
Term
ventricular failure, ventricular tachycardia, atrial ventricular block
Definition
do not use digoxin when there is (3)
Term
dig toxicity
Definition
blurred vision, visual halo, color vision deficiency, brady/tachycardia, apical pulse deficit, HF are s/s of ______ _______
Term
digitalization
Definition
administering a series of Digoxin doses until theraputic effect is noted
Term
2-4 hours
Definition
during digitalization, BP, HR, and RR are taken every ________
Term
2.0 ng/ml
Definition
dig toxicity occurs when levels are greater than ______
Term
hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia
Definition
_______ and ______ make the heart more sensative to digitalis
- increases possibility of dig toxicity
Term
30 min
Definition
give digibinf over _______
- dose varies depending on dig levels
Term
cannot
Definition
Dig can or cannot be combined with other medications in a syringe
Term
MAOI, clonadine, reserpine, digoxin
Definition
4 drugs that Beta blockers interact with to cause hypotension and bradycardia
Term
HR, BP, workload
Definition
when combined with ACE, beta blockers decrease the ____, ____ and _____ of the heart
Term
CHF
Definition
beta blockers can cause s/s of ____
Term
weeks
Definition
vasodialators take ____ to show effects
Term
phosphodiesterase inhibitors
Definition
non-glycosides for short term use in HF which has not responded to other meds
Term
phosphodiesterase inhibitors
Definition
HF meds that are given IV in the ICU/CCU
Term
ventricular dysrhythmias
Definition
most serious s/e of phosphodiesterase inhibitors
Term
inamorine lactate - milrinone lactate (Primacor)
Definition
two examples of phosphodiesterase inhibitors
Term
natriuretic peptides (Natrecor)
Definition
1st new drug for HF in 10 years
Term
Nesiritide (Natrecor) (natriuretic peptides)
Definition
drug that acts on the kidneys to increase Na and H2O secretion to lower BP
- also causes vasodialation
Term
severe hypotension
Definition
side effect of natriuretic peptides (Natrecor)
Term
dysrhythmics/antidysrhythmics
Definition
sodium channel blockers
beta adrenergic blockers
potassium channel blockers
calcium channel blockers
are examples of ???
Term
depolarization
Definition
when Na enters the cell, it causes ________
Term
repolarization
Definition
when K enters the cell it causes _________
Term
muscle contraction
Definition
when Ca enters the cell, it causes _______
Term
class I
Definition
class of antidysrhythmics used to treat ventricular tachycardia and A-fib (flutter)
Term
class II
Definition
class of antidysrhythmics that reduces the influence of sympathetic nervous system to decrease excitability of heart
- depress depolarization phase
Term
Na blockers
Definition
Class I antidysrhythmics are __________
Term
procainamide (procanbid)
Definition
preferred Class I (Na blocker) for treating dysrhythmias
Term
propanolol (Inderal, Innopran XL)
Definition
preferred Class II (Beta Blocker) for dysrhythmias
Term
Class III
Definition
class of antidysrhythmics that prolong repolarization phase
- used in ventricular dysrhythmias, afib/flutter
Term
amiodarone (cardarone)
Definition
preferred Class III (K blocker) for dysrhythmias
Term
Class IV
Definition
class of antidysrhythmics which depresses the depolarization phase and lengthens phase 1 & 2 repolarization
Term
class IV
Definition
class of antidysrhythmics used in supraventricular tachycardia, afib/flutter, unstable angina, hypertension
Term
Ca blockers and Misc
Definition
Class IV antidysrhythmics are _______
Term
verapamil (Calan, Isoptin)
Definition
preferred Class IV (Ca blocker) for dysrhythmias
Term
disopyramide
Definition
antidysrhythmic that causes urinary retention
Term
inderal
Definition
antidysrhythmic that can cause hyperglycemia in diabetics
Term
procainamide
Definition
supresses dysrhythmias
- used for ventricular dysrhythmias
Term
IA
Definition
procainamide is a class ___ antidysrhythmic
Term
propranolol/Inderal
Definition
antidysrhythimc that requires a cardiac monitor when given IV (hypotension, bradycardia)
Term
II
Definition
propranolol/Inderal is a class ___ antidysrhthmic
Term
amiodarone/pacerone
Definition
antidysrhythmic used for life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias
- drug of choice for atrial dysrhythmias
Term
amioderone/pacerone
Definition
antidysrhymic that is toxic to the thyroid and has a very long oral half-life
Term
III
Definition
amioderone/pacerone is a class ___ antidysrhythmic
Term
verapamil
Definition
drug that only works to correct supraventricular dysrhythmias.
Term
verapamil (Ca blocker)
Definition
grapeftuit juice increases that drug levels of ______
Term
IV
Definition
verapamil is a class ___ antidysrhythimic
Term
adenosine/adenocard
Definition
drug that causes a pause to rest the heart
- used in ICU/ER for dysrhymthias
- given with a fast push
Term
10 seconds
Definition
the half life of adenosine is ________
Term
Ca blockers
Definition
it is important to keep an adequate supply of ________ on hand at all times
Term
quinidine/quinaglute
Definition
class II antidysrhythmic that is not used very often anymore
- don't chew or crush
- watch for signs of toxicity (EKC changes, heart block, asystole, V. tach, V. fib, syncope, seizures, coma, death)
Term
quinlone toxicity
Definition
EKC changes, heart block, asystole, V. tach, V. fib, syncope, seizures, coma, death are s/s of ___________
Term
disopyramine/norpace
Definition
antidysrhythmic that is given orally with 8 oz water every 6 hours to get serum levels of 2-8 mcg/ml
Term
lidocaine/Xylocaine
Definition
antidysrhytmic that is given mostly IV at 1-4 mg/min and requires constant monitoring. can become toxic
Term
SAMS (slurred speech, altered CNS, muscle twitching, seizures)
Definition
s/s of lidocaine toxicity
Term
presynaptic
Definition
neurotransmitters are released by the ______ neurons into the synaptic cleft
Term
norepinephrine
Definition
neurotransmitter that is released by sympathetic nerves at the synapse with organs
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