Term
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Definition
heart failure that is most common - blood backs up into the lungs first |
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Definition
blood backs up into the venous system leading to ____ ____ HF |
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Definition
an increase in preload will cause ______ _______ |
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Term
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Definition
cardioglycoside used to treat heart failure |
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Term
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Definition
Ace inhibitors end in _____ |
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Term
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Definition
beta blocker of choice - reduces cardiac workload - must be started slowly |
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Term
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Definition
preferred drug type for HF - slows progression of HF |
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Term
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Definition
drugs whose primary action are to lower blood pressure and reduce blood volume by enhancing the excretion of NA amd H2O - also dialate BV back to heart |
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Term
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Definition
drugs whose s/e are dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, GI distress, nonproductive cough, headache |
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Term
ARB (angiotensin receptor blocker) |
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Definition
newer drug used for HF when ACE's adverse effects are not tolerated |
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Term
valsartan(Diovan) candesartan(Atacand) |
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Definition
two examples of ARBs (angiotensin-receptor blockers) |
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Term
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Definition
drug type that relieve symptoms of HF by reducing fluid = decrease workload and increased output |
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Term
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Definition
HF drug that increases the chance of Dig toxicity |
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Term
arrhythmias - increased HF |
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Definition
electrolyte imbalance (esp. hypokalemia) from diuretic use can cause ______ and _____ ____ |
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Term
spironolactone (Aldactone) |
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Definition
diuretic that is potassium sparing - blocks aldosterone in kidneys to get rid of Na and water |
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Term
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Definition
drug that increases the force of the heart's contraction without increasing O2 demand (postive inotropic action) |
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Term
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Definition
cardiac glycosides depress the _______ which decreases HR |
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Term
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Definition
cardiac glycosides decrease the heart size during _______ |
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Term
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Definition
cardiac glycosides promote diuresis by increasing ____________ |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
do not give digoxin of pulse is less than _____ |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
ventricular failure, ventricular tachycardia, atrial ventricular block |
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Definition
do not use digoxin when there is (3) |
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Term
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Definition
blurred vision, visual halo, color vision deficiency, brady/tachycardia, apical pulse deficit, HF are s/s of ______ _______ |
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Term
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Definition
administering a series of Digoxin doses until theraputic effect is noted |
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Term
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Definition
during digitalization, BP, HR, and RR are taken every ________ |
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Term
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Definition
dig toxicity occurs when levels are greater than ______ |
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Term
hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia |
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Definition
_______ and ______ make the heart more sensative to digitalis - increases possibility of dig toxicity |
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Term
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Definition
give digibinf over _______ - dose varies depending on dig levels |
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Term
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Definition
Dig can or cannot be combined with other medications in a syringe |
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Term
MAOI, clonadine, reserpine, digoxin |
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Definition
4 drugs that Beta blockers interact with to cause hypotension and bradycardia |
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Term
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Definition
when combined with ACE, beta blockers decrease the ____, ____ and _____ of the heart |
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Term
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Definition
beta blockers can cause s/s of ____ |
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Term
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Definition
vasodialators take ____ to show effects |
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Term
phosphodiesterase inhibitors |
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Definition
non-glycosides for short term use in HF which has not responded to other meds |
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Term
phosphodiesterase inhibitors |
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Definition
HF meds that are given IV in the ICU/CCU |
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Term
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Definition
most serious s/e of phosphodiesterase inhibitors |
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Term
inamorine lactate - milrinone lactate (Primacor) |
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Definition
two examples of phosphodiesterase inhibitors |
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Term
natriuretic peptides (Natrecor) |
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Definition
1st new drug for HF in 10 years |
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Term
Nesiritide (Natrecor) (natriuretic peptides) |
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Definition
drug that acts on the kidneys to increase Na and H2O secretion to lower BP - also causes vasodialation |
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Term
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Definition
side effect of natriuretic peptides (Natrecor) |
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Term
dysrhythmics/antidysrhythmics |
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Definition
sodium channel blockers beta adrenergic blockers potassium channel blockers calcium channel blockers are examples of ??? |
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Term
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Definition
when Na enters the cell, it causes ________ |
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Term
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Definition
when K enters the cell it causes _________ |
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Term
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Definition
when Ca enters the cell, it causes _______ |
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Term
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Definition
class of antidysrhythmics used to treat ventricular tachycardia and A-fib (flutter) |
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Term
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Definition
class of antidysrhythmics that reduces the influence of sympathetic nervous system to decrease excitability of heart - depress depolarization phase |
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Term
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Definition
Class I antidysrhythmics are __________ |
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Term
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Definition
preferred Class I (Na blocker) for treating dysrhythmias |
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Term
propanolol (Inderal, Innopran XL) |
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Definition
preferred Class II (Beta Blocker) for dysrhythmias |
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Term
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Definition
class of antidysrhythmics that prolong repolarization phase - used in ventricular dysrhythmias, afib/flutter |
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Term
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Definition
preferred Class III (K blocker) for dysrhythmias |
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Term
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Definition
class of antidysrhythmics which depresses the depolarization phase and lengthens phase 1 & 2 repolarization |
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Term
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Definition
class of antidysrhythmics used in supraventricular tachycardia, afib/flutter, unstable angina, hypertension |
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Term
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Definition
Class IV antidysrhythmics are _______ |
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Term
verapamil (Calan, Isoptin) |
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Definition
preferred Class IV (Ca blocker) for dysrhythmias |
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Term
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Definition
antidysrhythmic that causes urinary retention |
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Term
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Definition
antidysrhythmic that can cause hyperglycemia in diabetics |
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Term
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Definition
supresses dysrhythmias - used for ventricular dysrhythmias |
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Term
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Definition
procainamide is a class ___ antidysrhythmic |
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Term
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Definition
antidysrhythimc that requires a cardiac monitor when given IV (hypotension, bradycardia) |
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Term
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Definition
propranolol/Inderal is a class ___ antidysrhthmic |
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Term
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Definition
antidysrhythmic used for life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias - drug of choice for atrial dysrhythmias |
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Term
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Definition
antidysrhymic that is toxic to the thyroid and has a very long oral half-life |
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Term
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Definition
amioderone/pacerone is a class ___ antidysrhythmic |
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Term
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Definition
drug that only works to correct supraventricular dysrhythmias. |
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Term
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Definition
grapeftuit juice increases that drug levels of ______ |
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Term
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Definition
verapamil is a class ___ antidysrhythimic |
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Term
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Definition
drug that causes a pause to rest the heart - used in ICU/ER for dysrhymthias - given with a fast push |
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Term
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Definition
the half life of adenosine is ________ |
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Term
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Definition
it is important to keep an adequate supply of ________ on hand at all times |
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Term
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Definition
class II antidysrhythmic that is not used very often anymore - don't chew or crush - watch for signs of toxicity (EKC changes, heart block, asystole, V. tach, V. fib, syncope, seizures, coma, death) |
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Term
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Definition
EKC changes, heart block, asystole, V. tach, V. fib, syncope, seizures, coma, death are s/s of ___________ |
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Term
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Definition
antidysrhythmic that is given orally with 8 oz water every 6 hours to get serum levels of 2-8 mcg/ml |
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Term
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Definition
antidysrhytmic that is given mostly IV at 1-4 mg/min and requires constant monitoring. can become toxic |
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Term
SAMS (slurred speech, altered CNS, muscle twitching, seizures) |
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Definition
s/s of lidocaine toxicity |
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Term
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Definition
neurotransmitters are released by the ______ neurons into the synaptic cleft |
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Term
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Definition
neurotransmitter that is released by sympathetic nerves at the synapse with organs |
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