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Pharm Block 14 Review
KYCOM Cumelative
54
Pharmacology
Graduate
04/05/2014

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Cards

Term
nitroglycerine MOA
Definition
venodilator decreases preload which decreases work on heart
Term
nitroglycerine use
Definition
angina SL for acute attack
not great preventitive
Term
drugs good vo vasospasm angina
Definition
never BB
CCB vascular specific - amlodipine
Term
drugs good for stable angina prevention
Definition
#1 is BB
any CCB will work (amlodipine, ditilzaim, verapmil)
Term
furosemide: MOA
Definition
work on ascending loop of henle targeting Na/K/2Cl diuretic
Term
furosemide: SE 4
Definition
loops loose Ca
ototoxic
K loss and thus H loss so metabolic acidosis
Term
furosemide: use
Definition
DOC acute pulmonary edema
Term
hydrochlorothiazide: MOA
Definition
works on DCT NaCl channels
Term
hydrochlorothiazide: SE 4
Definition
K loss and thus H loss so metabolic acidosis
thiazides save Ca
hyperglycemia
Term
hydrochlorothiazide: use 2
Definition
DOC daily fluid balance duiretic (long half life)
DI NOT caused by lithium
Term
what is used to tx DI caused by lithium, why
Definition
amularide: becaue lithium and Na are similar in size and charge. comes into CD through Na channels
Term
amiloride: MOA
Definition
works in CD as direct Na channel blocker
K sparing
Term
eplerone and spironolactone: MOA
Definition
works in CD as ALD receptor blocker decreasing number of Na chennals, thus indirect CD blocker
K sparing
Term
SE K sparing diuretics
Definition
if you save K you save H causing metabolic acidosis
Term
niacin MOA 3
Definition
lowers VLDL, TG
raises HDL
Term
niacin SE 2
Definition
flushing
itching
Term
cholestyramine: MOA
Definition
bile acid sequesterant (ie cholesterol)
complexes with bile so you cannot recycle them and you loose them from the body and liver needs to make more bile acids and thus need to pull cholesterol from the blood to do it
Term
cholestyramine: contrindications, why
Definition
hyperTG patients: further increases TG because when liver starts making more bile acids it starts making other lipids too
Term
statins: MOA
Definition
HMG CoA reductase (rate limiting step in cholesterol synthesis) inhibitor
benifit all aspects of lipid profile
Term
which statin is most likley to raise HDL, which is least
Definition
atrivostatin > simvastatin
Term
Statin: SE
Definition
muscle toxicity (myalgia, myositis, rhabdomyalgia)
Term
statin interactions
Definition
take with P450 inhibitor increases statin levels and risk of muscle toxicity (never drink grapefruit juice!)
Term
fenofibrate MOA
Definition
increases gene expression of PPARy which increases lipoprotein lipase which lowers TG
Term
what two NT and change in parkinsons disease
Definition
decreased dopamine
increased ACh (Relative)
Term
levadopa: MOA
Definition
taken into CNS and turned into dopamine
use carbadopa to avoid DOPA decarboxylase break down in periphery
Term
ropinerole: MOA
Definition
dopamine agonist directly stimulates D2 receptors
Term
selegiline: MOA
Definition
stops metabolism of dopamine by MAOB blocking it
Term
entacapone: MOA
Definition
in periphery and CNS levodopa is converted to 3-o-methyodopa by COMT
drug blocks COMT to increases levadopa conversion to dopamine
Term
benzotropine: MOA 3
Definition
targets ACh, muscarinic blocker
lowers effect of ACh in parkinsons
Term
benzotropine: SE
Definition
atropine like
Term
drugs used for parkinsons
Definition
levodopa/carbadopa
ropinerole
selegiline
entacapone
benzotropine
Term
explain the break down process of ethanol and the SE 3
Definition
ethanol > alcohol DH > acetaaldehyde > aldehyde DH > acid aldehyde > acidosis, N/V, headache
Term
explain break down process of methanol and the SE 2
Definition
methanol > alcohol DH > formeldahyde > aldehyde DH > formic acid > acidosis, eye damage
Term
explain break down process of ethylene glycol and the SE 2
Definition
ethylene glycol > alcohol DH > aldehyde > aldehyde DH > acid aldehyde > acidosis, kidney damage
Term
MOA disulfram
Definition
blocks aldehyde DH causing aldehyde buildup which causes toxic effects deturing from alcohol use
Term
2 stimulants
Definition
methylphenidate
dextroamphetamine
Term
MOA stimulants 2
Definition
promote release of NE and dopamine
Term
USE stimulants 2
Definition
ADHD
narcolepsy
Term
SE stimulants 3
Definition
tachycardia
sweating
increased BP
Term
heparin MOA
Definition
uses antithombin III to cleave IIa, IXa, XIa, XIIa
works on activated factors so works rapidly
Term
heparin antidote and MOA
Definition
protamine: directly complexes with heparin stopping its action
rapid onset
Term
SE heparin
Definition
heparin induced thrombocytopenia (stop all drugs working through antithrombin III if induced, not just heparin)
Term
how can heparin be monitered
Definition
PTT
Term
enoxaprin: MOA
Definition
low molecular weight heparin
Term
warfarin MOA
Definition
takes time, decreased synthesis of II, IV, IX, X by stopping vitamin K
Term
warfarin antidote and MOA
Definition
Vit K: never going to be fast
fresh frozen plasma: fast, replenishes clotting factors
Term
how is warfarin monitered
Definition
INR
Term
rivaroxban: MOA, how monitored
Definition
blocks factor Xa
no need to monitor
Term
dabigatran: MOA, how monitored
Definition
direct thrombin inhibitor
no need to monitor
Term
clopidogrel: MOA, use
Definition
ADP receptor blocker
cannot activate platelets
good back up to aspirin
Term
abciximab: MOA
Definition
glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor blocks fibrinogen receptors prevents cross linking in platelet aggregation
Term
abciximab: use 3
Definition
angioplasty
acute coronary syndromes
unstable angina
Term
alteplace: MOA
Definition
tPA
fibrinolytic
breaks down clots
Term
alteplace: antidote
Definition
aminocaproic acid
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