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Pharm - antifungal, antiviral - test 1
a
57
Pharmacology
Undergraduate 2
09/14/2011

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Term
mycoses
Definition
fungal diseases
Term
dermatophytes
Definition
superficial fungus infections of the scalp, skin, mucous membranes, and nails
- treated topically
Term
systemic
Definition
fungal infection that affects the organs
- can be fatal w/ immunocompromised pts
Term
nystatin (mycostatin, nilstat, nystex)
Definition
topical antifungal used for candida of the vagina, skin, and mouth
Term
amphotericin B (fungazone)
Definition
drug of choice for systemic fungal infections
Term
fluconazole (Diflucan)
Itraconazole (Sporonox)
Ketoconasole (Nizoral)
Definition
newer 'azole' drugs that are more frequently being used to treat systemic fungal infections
- can be system or topical
Term
amphotericin B
Definition
wide spectrum antifungal used in systemic mycoses
- given by IV only and may be for months
- resistance is uncommon
Term
fever/chills at start, phlebitis, nephrotixicity
Definition
s/e of amphotericin B
Term
antiemetic - Tigan
Definition
to minimize n/v w/ amphotericin B, give ________ suppository
Term
amphotericin B
Definition
drug that must the covered with a brown bag to protect it from the light
Term
ketoconazole
Definition
antifungal that must be taken with water, juice, coffee, or tea to enhance absorption
Term
retrovirus
Definition
HIV is a ________
Term
blocking replication
Definition
HIV meds working by ___________
Term
highly active antiretroviral therapy
Definition
HAART
- 3-4 drugs at a time used to reduce serum level of HIV
Term
zidovudine (retrovir, AZT)
Definition
drug used for 25 years to create defective DNA HIV cells, thus stopping the action of HIV
Term
resistant
Definition
some HIV has become __________ to zidovudine (retrovir, AZT)
Term
toxic - anemia, leukopenia
Definition
zidovudine (retrovir, AZT)is _______ to normal blood cells and can cause _____ and ________
Term
stevens' johnson syndrome
Definition
antiretrovirals can cause mouthy sores called __________
Term
hyperglycemia
Definition
antiretrovirals can cause ____________ so blood glucose levels must be monitored
Term
orthostatic hypotension
Definition
antiretrovirals can cause ________ ________ so advised to rise slowly
Term
herpes simplex virus
Definition
repeated blister-like lesions to skin, genitals, mucous membranes
Term
HSV 1
Definition
nongenital herpes
Term
HSV 2
Definition
genital herpes
Term
amantadine (symmetrel)
Definition
drug used to prevent/treat influenze A for many years
- also for parkinsons
Term
48 hours
Definition
Amantadine (symmetrel) should be take no longer than ____ after the onset of flu symptoms
Term
10 days
Definition
amantadine (symmetrel) treatment for the flu continues for _______
Term
12
Definition
amantadine (symmetrel) is given every ___ hours to treat flu symptoms
Term
osteltamivir(Tamiflu) - zanimivir (Relenza)
Definition
2 neuroamidase inhibitors (new influenza drugs)
Term
osteltamivir (Tamiflu)
Definition
oral neuroamidase inhibotor (new flu treatment)
Term
zanimivir (Relenza)
Definition
inhaled neuroamidase inhibotor (new flu treatment)
Term
5 days - 48 hours
Definition
neuroamidase inhibitors shorten flu from 7days to _____ if taken within ____ of symptoms
Term
acyclovir (zovirax)
Definition
drug of choice for HSV 1 and HSV 2, as well as varicella & CMV in high doses
Term
HSV vericella CMV lesions
Definition
topical acyclovir (zovirax) is used for ________
Term
HSV vericella CMV prevention
Definition
oral acyclovir (zovirax) is used for ________
Term
severe HSV vericella CMV infections
Definition
IV acyclovir (zovirax) is used for ________
Term
malaria
Definition
disease caused by plasmodium transmitted in bite of female Anopheles mosquito
Term
malaria
Definition
2nd most common fatal disease in the world
Term
chlorquine (Aralen)
Definition
drug of choice for malaria
- cdc recommends taking before, during, and 1 week after visit to infected area
Term
resistance
Definition
______ to chloroquine is common so other drugs may need to be used
Term
chloroquine
Definition
terminates acute attacks of malaria
Term
chloroquine (anti-malarial)
Definition
drug that can cause bleaching of scalp, eyebrows
- body hair may change
Term
aluminum and magnesium
Definition
chloroquine should not be given with antacids containing ____ and _____
Term
rabies
Definition
chloroquine may interfere with the _____ vaccine, making it less effective
Term
giardisis
Definition
most common intestinal parasite in the US
Term
4-6 weeks
Definition
if not treated, most giardisises resolve themselves within __________
Term
quinacrine (atabrine)
Definition
drug used for giardiasis that is cheaper than Furoxone, but has many side effects
Term
furazolidone (Furoxone)
Definition
drug of choice for giardiasis
Term
metronidazole (Flagyl)
Definition
least effective drug for long term treatment of giardiasis
Term
metronidazole (fagyl)
Definition
drug that is effective against intestinal amoebas and giardia, and trichomonas (STD).
Term
metronidazole (Flagyl)
Definition
alcohol causes a disulfiram reaction when taken with this anti-protazoan
Term
albendazole/albenza
Definition
drug that kills hookworms in all stages of the life cycle
Term
mebendazole
Definition
drug that inhibits glucose uptake of helminthes (hookworms)
Term
Pyrantel pamoate(Antiminth)
pyrvinium pamoate (Povan)
Definition
deworming agent in the treatment of hookworms
Term
enterobiasis (pinworms)
Definition
parasite whos eggs float in the air, and are ingested or inhaled
- eggs hatch in small intestine and females ley eggs at anus
Term
enterobiasis (pinworms)
Definition
the tape test is used to check for ________
Term
mebendazole (Vermox)
Definition
drug of choice for enterobiasis (intestinal parasite)
Term
mebendazole (Vermox)
Definition
drug that stains stool, vomit, and clothing near anal area bright red
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