Term
| 3 functions of FSH, which are the main ones |
|
Definition
main: spermatogenesis in seminiferous tubules
regulate testicular growth
steroidogenesis |
|
|
Term
| what are the 4 functions of LH, which is the main one |
|
Definition
main: regulate testosterone release from leydig cells
regulate resticular growth
steroidogenesis
spermatogenesis |
|
|
Term
| how is the release of testosterone regulated |
|
Definition
| it feeds back to hypothalamus and pituitary |
|
|
Term
| what is the process of testosterone production |
|
Definition
| cholesterol > progesterone > andostenedione or androstendione . testosterone |
|
|
Term
| what enzyme produces testosterone |
|
Definition
| 12B-hydrosteroid dehydrogenase |
|
|
Term
| how is testosterone transported in the body |
|
Definition
sex hormone binding globulin (can enter cell too may have role in action)
some on albumin
1-2% unbound |
|
|
Term
| what enzyme turns testosterone into DHT, where is it located |
|
Definition
steroid 2a-reductase in non-genital skin and liver
steroid 5a-reductase in urogenital tract |
|
|
Term
| what is the difference between testosterone and DHT |
|
Definition
| DHT has a higher binding affinity |
|
|
Term
| what are the 6 general functions of testosterone |
|
Definition
embryo: virilize urigenital tract of male
growth of testes, scrotum, penis
thicken and make skin more oily
increase height and muscle
axillary hair
larynd development |
|
|
Term
| what are the testosterone drugs (5) |
|
Definition
testosterone aq
testosterone cypionate
fluxymesterone
testosterone gel (androgel)
danzol |
|
|
Term
| what are the anti-androgens (5) |
|
Definition
spironolactone
flutamide
ketoconazole
cimetidine
finasteride |
|
|
Term
| what is used to treat impotence (3) |
|
Definition
sildenafil
vardenaful
tadalafil |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
stop androgen binding to receptor
stop synthesis of androgens
decrease p450enz 12a-hydroxylase C12-20 lyase complex which decreases testosterone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| non-steroid competitive inhibitor of DHT |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| H2 receptor antagonist that competes for receptor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 5a-reductase competitive inhibitor of conversion enzyme of DHT to testosterone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
normally NO activates gyanulyl cyclase which causes smooth m. relaxation of corpus callosum letting blood in then phosphodiesterase (PDE) closes it off
drug inhibits PDE |
|
|
Term
| 11 uses of all testosterone drugs |
|
Definition
androgenic: hypogonadism, failure of hypo-pit-axis
anabolic: osteroperosis, burns, surgery recovery
counteract cortical hormone effects
growth: skeletal muscle growth in pre-pubescent boys and dwarfism
unapproved: increase lean body mass, muscle strength, agression |
|
|
Term
| clinical use of fluoxymesterone |
|
Definition
more focused on anabolic effects of androgens (little androgenic effects)
osteoperosis, burns, surgurical recovery |
|
|
Term
| clinical use of danzol (3) |
|
Definition
not very androgenic
endometrosis, fibrocystic breast disease, hereditary angioedema |
|
|
Term
| clinical use of spironolactone (2) |
|
Definition
women: hirsutism
men: causes impotence |
|
|
Term
| clinical use of flutamide (1) |
|
Definition
| prostate cancer (with GnRH blocker or an estrogen) |
|
|
Term
| clinical use of ketoconazole (1) |
|
Definition
| prostate cancer (high dose) |
|
|
Term
| clinical use of cimetidine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| clinical use of finasteride (3) |
|
Definition
prostatic hyperplasia
male pattern baldness (low dose) |
|
|
Term
| side effects flutamide (2) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| side effects ketoconazole |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| males with zollinger ellison get cynecomastia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| side effects impotence treatment (6) |
|
Definition
no effect in absence of stimulation
headache
flushing
dyspenia
change in color vision
decreased BP |
|
|
Term
| what is a major contraindication to impotence drugs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the longest lasting impotence drug, how long |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| side effects of all testosterone drugs in females only (8) |
|
Definition
masculinization
acne
facial hair
deeper voices
male pattern baldness
muscle development
menstural irregularities
virilization of fetus |
|
|
Term
| side effects of all testosterone drugs in males only (5) |
|
Definition
priapism
impotence
decreased spermatogenesis
gynecomastia |
|
|
Term
| side effects of all testosterone drugs in any sex or age (6) |
|
Definition
increased LDL
decreased HDL
coronary artery disease
fluid retention
edema
PANCREATITIS |
|
|
Term
| side effects of all testosterone drugs in kids only (4) |
|
Definition
abnormal sexual maturity
premature closure of epiphysis
hepatic abnormalities
psychosis |
|
|
Term
| side effect of testosterone gel |
|
Definition
| absorbed to skin, transfered to others on hands |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| interacts with progesterone and androgen receptors and supresses pituitary-ovarian axis decreasing FSH and LH |
|
|
Term
| how are the 5 testosterone drugs administered |
|
Definition
testosterone aq- IM
testosterone cypionate- IM
fluxymesterone- oral
testosterone gel- topical
danzol- oral |
|
|
Term
| where is testosterone gel metabolized and excreted |
|
Definition
metabolized in liver
excreted in urine |
|
|
Term
| which testosterone has the shortest and longest half life, how long |
|
Definition
testosterone aq: short 10-100 min
testosterone cypopnate: long 8d |
|
|
