Term
| Name the drug: prevents bacterial protein synthesis by binding 30s |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is tetracycline bacteriostatic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical applications for tetracycline? |
|
Definition
| Infections caused by mycoplasma, chlamydiae, rickettsiae, some spirochetes, malaria, H pylori, acne |
|
|
Term
| Name the drug: oral, mixed clearance, dosed every 6 hrs, divalent cations impair oral absorption. Tox - GI upset, hepatotoxicity, photosensitivity, deposition in bone and teeth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does doxycycline compare to tetracycline? |
|
Definition
| oral and IV, longer half life (18hr) so dosed twice daily, nonrenal elimination, minimally effected by divalent cations, used for CAP and bronchitis exacerbation |
|
|
Term
| How does minocycline compare to tetracycline? |
|
Definition
| oral, longer half life (16hr) so dosed twice daily, frequently causes reversible vestibular toxicity |
|
|
Term
| How does tigecycline compare to tetracycline? |
|
Definition
| IV, unaffected by common tetracycline resistance mechanisms, very broad spectrum against G+, G- and anaerobes, nausea and vomiting are primary toxicities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| prevents bacterial protein synthesis by binding 50s |
|
|
Term
| Is erythromycin bacteriostatic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical applications for erythromycin? |
|
Definition
| CAP, pertussis, corynebacterial and chlamydial infections |
|
|
Term
| Name the drug: oral, IV, hepatic clearance (half life 1.5 hr) dosed every 6h, cytochrome p450 inhibitor, tox - GI upset, hepatotoxicity, QT prolongation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does clarithromycin compare to erythromycin? |
|
Definition
| oral, longer half-life (4h) so dosed twice daily, added activity against MAComplex, toxoplasma and M leprae |
|
|
Term
| How does azithromycin compare to erythromycin? |
|
Definition
| oral, IV, very long half-life (68h) allows for once-daily dosing and 5-day course of therapy of CAP, does not inhibit cyp 450 |
|
|
Term
| how does telithromycin compare to erythromycin? |
|
Definition
| oral, unaffected by efflux-mediated resistance, so it's active against many erythromycin-resistant strains of pneumococci, rare cases of fulminant hepatic failure |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical applications for clindamycin? |
|
Definition
| skin and soft tissue infections, anaerobic infections |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| prevents bacterial protein synthesis by binding 50s |
|
|
Term
| What class of drug is clindamycin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name a drug in the lincosamide class |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of drug is quinupristen-dalfopristin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| name a streptogramin drug |
|
Definition
| quinupristin-dalfopristen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of drug is linezolid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Quinupristin-dalfopristin: MOA? |
|
Definition
| prevents bacterial protein synthesis by binding 50s |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| prevents bacterial protein synthesis by binding 50s |
|
|
Term
| is clindamycin bacteriostatic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the drug: oral, IV, hepatic clearance (half life 2.5h), dosed every 6-8 hrs, tox- GI upset, difficile colitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is quinupristin-dalfopristin bacteriostatic? |
|
Definition
| no, rapid bactericidal activity against most susceptible bacteria |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical applications for quinupristin-dalfopristin? |
|
Definition
| infections caused by staphylococci or vancomycin-resistant strains of E. faecium |
|
|
Term
| Name the drug: IV, hepatic clearance, dosed every 8-12 hrs, cytochrome p450 inhibitor, tox: severe infusion-related myalgias and arthralgias |
|
Definition
| quinupristin-dalfopristin |
|
|
Term
| Is chloramphenicol bacteriostatic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical applications for chloramphenicol? |
|
Definition
| use is rare in the developed world due to serious toxicities |
|
|
Term
| Name the drug: oral, IV, hepatic clearance (half life 2.5 hr), tox: dose-related anemia, idiosyncratic aplastic anemia, gray baby syndrome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| prevents bacterial protein synthesis by binding 23s ribosomal RNA of 50s subunit |
|
|
Term
| is linezolid bacteriostatic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical applications for linezolid? |
|
Definition
| infections caused by methicillin-resistant staphylococci and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (multidrug-resistant G+ bacteria) |
|
|
Term
| Name the drug: oral, IV, hepatic clearance (half life 6 hr), dosed twice-daily, Tox: duration-dependent bone marrow suppression, neuropathy and optic neuritis, serotonin-syndrome may occur when coadministered with other serotonergic drugs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which abx can cause hepatotoxicity, photosensitivity, and deposition in bone and teeth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which abx are used for CAP? |
|
Definition
| doxycycline, erythromycin |
|
|
Term
| Which abx are used for mycoplasma, chlamydiae, rickettsiae, some spirochetes, malaria, H pylori and acne? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which abx can cause vestibular toxicity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which tetracycline is unaffected by common resistance mechanisms? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which tetracyclines are only oral? |
|
Definition
| tetracycline, minocycline |
|
|
Term
| which tetracyclines can be given IV? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which tetracycline can only be given IV? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which abx are cytochrome p450 inhibitors? |
|
Definition
| macrolides (not azithromycin), quinupristin-dalfopristin |
|
|
Term
| Which drug is indicated for CAP, pertussis, corynebacterial and chlamydial infections? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which drug is associated with rare cases of fulminant hepatic failure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which macrolides can be given IV? |
|
Definition
| erythromycin, azithromycin |
|
|
Term
| Which drug can be given for skin and soft tissue infections and anaerobic infections? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which drug is associated with difficile colitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which macrolide is unaffected by efflux-mediated resistance? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which macrolide has better activity for mycobacteria and toxoplasma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which macrolide has a very long half life? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is quinupristin-dalfopristin given? What is the major toxicity? |
|
Definition
| IV, infusion-related myalgias and arthraligias |
|
|
Term
| Which drug is associated with dose-related anemia, idiosyncratic aplastic anemia and gray-baby syndrome? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which drug is indicated for multidrug resistant G+ bacteria like MRSA and VRE? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which drug is associated with dose-dependent bone marrow suppression, neuropathy, optic neuritic and serotonin syndrome? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CLEan TAG - chloramphenicol, clindamycin, erythromycin inhibit what? Tetracycline and aminoglycosides inhibit what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Aminoglycosides must be given ____, whereas CLEan T can be given orally |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Because of rare but severe side effects, chloramphenicol is rarely used in the US. When is it used? |
|
Definition
| bacterial meningitis with allergy to pcn and cephalosporins - wide spectrum and excellent CSF penetration, also RMSF in young children and pregnant women who can't take tetracycline |
|
|
Term
| What is clindamycin useful and not useful for? |
|
Definition
| NOT useful against gram-negative, used for anaerobes - GI perforation, septic abortion |
|
|
Term
| Gram-___ organisms absorb erythromycin 100 times better than gram-____ organisms, so it is inactive against most gram-_____s |
|
Definition
| positive, negative, negative |
|
|
Term
| Doxycycline is a ______ that chelates cations poorly and is this better absorbed with food. So you will prescribe IV _____ for severe infections and oral doxycycline for mild infections. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In general, aminoglycosides kill... |
|
Definition
|
|
