Term
|
Definition
-consipating
-given with something with mg to counteract constipation
-recommended for patients with renal failure
-Basaljel, alternagel
-combinations with AL and MG, maalox, mylant, di-gel, gaviscon |
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Term
|
Definition
-commonly cause diarrhea: aluminum counteracts the diarrhea
-dangerous when used with renal failure
- magnesium hydroxide, gaviscon, maalox, mylanta |
|
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Term
|
Definition
-may cause constipation, kidney stones
-not recommended in patients with renal disease, acid rebound may occur.
-tums: calcium carbonate
|
|
|
Term
| antacids sodium bicarbonate |
|
Definition
-may cause metabolic alkalosis
-may cause probs with HF, HTN, renal insufficiency. |
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Term
|
Definition
-activated charcoal
simethicone (does not prevent the flatulents, it causes the gas bubbles to break. which leads to alot of belching. This prevents gas pain only.) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Aluminum and calcium : constipation
-Magnesium: Diarrhea
-Calcium carbonate: produces gas and belching; often combined with simethicone |
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Term
Antacid: drug interactions
|
|
Definition
-adsorption of other drugs to antacids( reduces the ability of the other drug to be absorbed into the body)
-chelation( reduced drug absorption)
-increased stomach ph( increased absorption of basic drugs, decreased absorption of acidic drugs.)
-increased urinary pH( increased exretion of acidic drugs, decreased excretion of basic drugs. |
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Term
| regarding antacids, what preexisting conditions may restrict the use of antacids |
|
Definition
fluid imbalance
pregnancy
renal disease
GI obstruction
HF |
|
|
Term
| when should medications be given regarding the use of antacids |
|
Definition
| most meds should be given 1 to 2 hours after giving the antacid |
|
|
Term
| how should you admin antacids? |
|
Definition
with at least 8 ounces of water to enhance absorption.
Keep in mind that antacids may mask an underlying illness. |
|
|
Term
| What do H2 antagonists do |
|
Definition
-reduce acid secretion
-most popular drugs: tagamet, axis, pepcid, zanatac.... they all end in tidine
Cimetidine, nizatidine, famotidine, ranitidine |
|
|
Term
| indications for Antagonist H2 |
|
Definition
GERD
PUD
Erosive esphagitis
Adjunt therap in control of upper GI bleeding
Pathologic gastric hypersecretory conditions |
|
|
Term
| adverse effects of H2 Antagonists |
|
Definition
cimetidine may induce impotence and gynecomastia
headaches, lethargy, confusion, diarrhea, urticari, sweating, flushing, etc |
|
|
Term
h2 antagonist: drug interactions
cimetidine |
|
Definition
-all h2 antagonists may inhibit the absorption of drugs that req an acidic GI environment for absorption
- smoking has been shown to decrease h2 effectiveness aswell.
- cimetidine: dose not play well with MAO and may increase drug levels in general. |
|
|
Term
| H2 antagonist: nursing implications |
|
Definition
| take 1 hour before antacids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| decrease amount of acid that is being produced. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
they all end in prazole
iansoprazole
omerprazole
rabeprazole
pantoprazole
esomeprazole
(abilify does not fit in this category) |
|
|
Term
| Proton pump inh. adverse effects |
|
Definition
-safe for short term therapy
-uncommon adverse effects
-long term use can cause a decrease in B12 absorption |
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|
Term
| Which proton pump inh. can be given parenterally? |
|
Definition
pantoprazole is the only one. can be used in those who are unable to take oral meds.
ppi may cause an increase in diazepam levels, phenytoin, increased chance of bleeding with warfarn. |
|
|
Term
proton pump inh: granules of pantoprazole
|
|
Definition
given through NG tube
- proton pump inhibs work best when taken 30 to 60 mins before meals. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-used for stress ulcers, PUD
-forms barriers around the ulcers
-protects these areas from pepsin
-can cause constipation, nausea, and drymout
-can alter absorption of other drugs
-helps bring phosphatte levels down in renal failure. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-protects gastric mucosa from injury
-protects against NSAIDs
-may produce abdominal cramps, diarrhe (duodenal ulcers). |
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