Term
imipramine and amitriptyline are in which class? |
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Definition
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Term
What are the active metabolites of amitriptyline and imipramine? |
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Definition
desipramine and nortriptyline |
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Term
amoxapine, bupropion, maprotiline and trazodone are ___ generation, and in the class of _____ |
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Definition
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Term
duloxetine, mirtazapine, nefazodone, and venlafaxine are ___ generation, and in the class of _____ |
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Definition
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Term
Which heterocyclics have short half lives and require administration 2-3 times per day? |
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Definition
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Term
Which class of drugs resembles phenothiazines and blocks reuptake of both NE and 5HT? |
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Definition
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Term
Fluoxetine is the prototype for which class of drugs? What is special about it? |
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Definition
SSRIs, it forms an active metabolite and has a once-weekly preparation |
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Term
citalopram, escitalopram, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, and sertraline are in which class? |
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Definition
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Term
phenelzine and tranylcypromine are in which class? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Which MAOI is the fastest in onset and has the shortest DOA? |
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Definition
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Term
MAOIs have what effect on hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes? |
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Definition
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Term
Which drug is a selective inhibitor of MAO-B? |
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Definition
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Term
Which drug has an unknown MOA? |
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Definition
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Term
Long term use of tricyclics and _____s leads to down-regulation of ____ receptors |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
inhibit reuptake transporters for NE and 5HT |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
The __ generation drugs duloxetine and venlafaxine are potent inhibitors of both _____ and _____ transporters. |
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Definition
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Term
What is the unique action of mirtazapine? |
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Definition
increases amine release from nerve endings by antagonism of presynaptic alpha-2 adrenoreceptors |
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Term
How do MAOIs increase brain amine levels? |
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Definition
Interfere with their metabolism in nerve endings, so when vesicles are discharged, they release more amines |
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Term
What effect do drugs that block NE transporters in the CNS or MAOIs have on sympathetic tone? |
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Definition
Can increase peripheral autonomic sympathomimetic effects |
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Term
Long term use of MAOIs can ____ blood pressure |
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Definition
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Term
Sedation is a common CNS effect of which types of drugs? |
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Definition
tricyclics, some heterocyclics, especially mirtazapine and trazodone |
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Term
Trazodone is commonly prescribed as a ___ aid |
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Definition
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Term
Which types of drugs are more likely to cause CNS stimulating effects, as opposed to sedating effects? |
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Definition
MAOIs, SSRIs and bupropion |
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Term
Antagonist of muscarinic receptors occurs with all ______ and is particularly marked with ______ and ______. |
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Definition
tricyclics, amitriptyline, doxepin |
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Term
Cardiovascular effects occur most commonly with which kind of drugs? What effects are seen? |
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Definition
tricyclics, hypotension from a-adrenoreceptor blockade, depression of cardiac conduction, arrhythmias |
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Term
The convulsive threshold is lowered by which kind of drugs? ODs of _____ and the SSRIs have also caused seizures. |
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Definition
TCAs and MAOIs. Maprotiline and SSRIs. |
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Term
Which drugs are now most widely prescribed for depression due to more tolerable side effects and safety in overdose? |
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Definition
SSRIs and certain heterocyclics |
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Term
Tricyclics continue to be most useful in pts with... |
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Definition
psychomotor retardation, sleep disturbance, poor appetite, weight loss. |
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Term
MAOIs are most useful in pts with... |
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Definition
anxiety, phobic features, hypochondriasis |
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Term
Which MAO type B inhibitor is used in Parkinson's and is now available as a patch for depression? |
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Definition
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Term
SSRIs may _____ appetite. |
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Definition
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Term
Some believe that SSRIs and newer heterocyclics raise the risk of suicide in... |
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Definition
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Term
In addition to depression, TCAs are also used for... |
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Definition
bipolar, panic attacks, phobias, enuresis, ADHD, chronic pain |
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Term
Which drug is effective for neuropathic pain? Which drug is approved for pain of diabetic neuropathy? |
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Definition
Venlafaxine (effexor), duloxetine (cymbalta) |
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Term
Which drugs are effective for OCD? |
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Definition
Clomipramine and the SSRIs |
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Term
Other than depression, what are SSRIs used for? |
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Definition
GAD, panic attacks, social phobias, bulimia, PMDD, alcohol dependence |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
List the adverse effects of TCAs |
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Definition
excessive sedation, lassitude, fatigue, confusion, sympathomimetic - tachy, agitation, sweating, insomnia, atropine-like effects, orthostatic hypotension, ECG abnormalities, cardiomyopathy, tremor and paresthesias, weight gain |
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Term
List the manifestations of TCA overdose. What are the 3 Cs? |
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Definition
agitation, delirium, neuromuscular irritability, convulsions, coma, respiratory depression, circulatory collapse, hyperpyrexia, cardiac conduction effects, severe arrhythmias. Coma, convulsions and cardiotoxicity. |
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Term
What happens if TCAs are taken with alcohol, barbs, benzos, or opioids? |
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Definition
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Term
What effect do TCAs have on the antihypertensive action of guanethidine (blocker of NE release)? |
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Definition
reversal of action, blocks its transport into sympathetic nerve endings |
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Term
Which drugs may interfere with the antihypertensive actions of methyldopa and clonidine (a-adrenergic agonists)? |
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Definition
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Term
Mirtazapine is a _____, it causes weight _____, and is markedly sedating, as is _______. |
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Definition
heterocyclic, gain, trazodone |
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Term
amoxapine, maprotiline, mirtazapine and trazodone cause some _____ effects |
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Definition
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Term
________ is also a dopamine receptor blocker and may cause... |
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Definition
Amoxapine, akathisia, parkinsonism, amenorrhea-galactorrhea syndrome |
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Term
Adverse effects of _____ include anxiety, agitation, dizziness, dry mouth, aggravation of psychosis, and at high doses, seizures |
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Definition
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Term
______ and ______ are prominent features of overdosage with amoxapine and maprotiline |
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Definition
seizures and cardiotoxicity |
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Term
Venlafaxine causes a dose-dependent increase in _________ and has CNS _____ effects |
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Definition
blood pressure, stimulant |
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Term
Even after missing a single dose of ____, severe withdrawal effects can occur |
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Definition
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Term
both nefazodone and venlafaxine are ________s of cytochrome p450 enzymes |
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Definition
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Term
rarely, _____ has caused life-threatening hepatotoxicity |
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Definition
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Term
Fluoxetine and other SSRIs may cause... |
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Definition
nausea, headache, anxiety, agitation, insomnia, sexual dysfunction, |
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Term
What kind of extrapyramidal effects can occur early in treatment with SSRIs? |
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Definition
akathisia, dyskinesia, and dystonic reactions |
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Term
Gross overdosage of SSRIs can cause ____. |
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Definition
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Term
cardiac effects of citalopram OD include... |
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Definition
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Term
Describe the SSRI withdrawal syndrome |
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Definition
nausea, dizziness, anxiety, tremor, palpitations |
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Term
the SSRIs are _____s of cyp 450 enzymes |
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Definition
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Term
Which SSRI causes fewer drug interactions than the others? |
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Definition
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Term
Severe muscle rigidity, hyperthermia, cardiovascular instability, marked CNS stimulation, including seizures -- what is this? |
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Definition
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Term
what kinds of drugs have been used to manage serotonin syndrome? |
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Definition
antiseizure drugs, muscle relaxants, 5HT blockers (cyproheptadine) |
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Term
List the adverse effects of traditional MAOIs |
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Definition
hypertensive reactions to indirect sympathomimentics (e.g. tyramine in food), hyperthermia, CNS stimulation, agitation, convulsions |
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Term
Overdosage with MAOIs can lead to.. |
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Definition
shock, hyperthermia, seizures |
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Term
MAOIs administered together with SSRIs has resulted in... |
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Definition
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Term
Name the prototype(s) for TCAs |
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Definition
amitriptyline, imipramine |
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Term
What are some TCAs besides the prototypical drugs? |
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Definition
clomipramine, desipramine, doxepin, nortriptyline |
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Term
Name the 2nd gen heterocyclics |
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Definition
amoxapine, bupropion, maprotiline, trazodone |
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Term
name the 3rd gen heterocyclics |
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Definition
duloxetine, mirtazapine, nefazodone, venlafaxine |
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Term
What is the prototype for SSRIs? |
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Definition
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Term
name some SSRIs besides the prototypical drug |
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Definition
citalopram, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, sertraline |
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Term
What is the prototype for MAOIs? |
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Definition
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Term
name some MAOIs besides the prototype |
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Definition
tranylcypromine, selegiline |
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