Term
GROUP Bile Acid Sequestrants
PROTOTYPE
cholestyramine
side effects |
|
Definition
“headache, anxiety, fatigue, drowsiness R/T serum changes in cholesterol”
“GI irritation”
Vitamin A and D losses |
|
|
Term
GROUP HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
PROTOTYPE
atorvastatin
Pharmacological effects |
|
Definition
“Works at cellular level blocks enzyme HMG-CoA “
“If this enzyme is blocked serum cholesterol and LDL levels decrease because more LDLs are absorbed by the cells for processing into cholesterol”
“Referred to as statins” |
|
|
Term
GROUP HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
PROTOTYPE
atorvastatin
Side effects |
|
Definition
“headache, anxiety, fatigue, drowsiness R/T serum changes in cholesterol”
“GI irritation” |
|
|
Term
GROUP antiplatelet agents
PROTOTYPE
aspirin
Pharmaceutical |
|
Definition
“decrease the formation of the platelet plug by decreasing the responsiveness of the platelets to stimuli “
“block receptor sites on platelet membranes”
“Absorbed in liver and excreted in urine” |
|
|
Term
GROUP Bile Acid Sequestrants
PROTOTYPE
cholestyramine
Pharmacological effects. |
|
Definition
“Decrease plasma cholesterol “
“Bind with bile acids in the intestine to form and insoluble complex that is excreted in the feces”
“Not absorbed systemically” |
|
|
Term
GROUP antiplatelet agents
PROTOTYPE
aspirin |
|
Definition
“aspirin toxicity: hyperpnea, fever coma”
“GI bleeding, epigastric discomfort”
“occult blood”
“dizziness, tinnitus, difficulty hearing” |
|
|
Term
GROUP Anticoagulants
PROTOTYPE
heparin
Pharm |
|
Definition
“Interferes with the normal coagulation process by interfering with the clotting cascade and thrombin formation“
“Metabolized in the cells and excreted in urine ” |
|
|
Term
GROUP Anticoagulants
PROTOTYPE
heparin
Side effects |
|
Definition
| “bruising, chills, fevers” |
|
|
Term
| Antihypertensive Agents 3 types |
|
Definition
Angiotension-Converting-Enzyme Inhibitors
Angiotension II-Receptor Blockers
Calcium Channel Blockers |
|
|
Term
Angiotension-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
Captopril |
|
Definition
| “act in the lungs it prevent ACE from converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II which is a powerful vasoconstrictor and stimulator of aldosterone release. This action leads to a decrease in blood pressure and in aldosterone secretion” |
|
|
Term
Angiotension-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
Captopril
side effects |
|
Definition
| “tachycardia, MI, rash, pruritis, gastric irritation and cough” |
|
|
Term
Angiotension II
receptor blockers
losartan
Pharm |
|
Definition
| “ARBS selectively bind with the angiotensin II receptors in vascular smooth muscle and in the adrenal cortex to block vasoconstriction and the release of aldosterone. These actions block the bp raising effects of the renin-angiotensin system and lower blood pressure” |
|
|
Term
Angiotension II
receptor blockers
losartan
side effects |
|
Definition
| “dizziness, headache, diarrhea, hypotension” |
|
|
Term
Calcium Channel Blockers
diltiazem
Pharm |
|
Definition
| “inhibit the movement of calcium ions across the membranes of the myocardial and arterial muscle cells, altering the action potential and blocking muscle cell contraction. This effect depresses myocardial contractility, slows cardiac impulse formation in the conductive tissues and relaxes and dilates arteries” |
|
|
Term
Calcium Channel Blockers
diltiazem
side effects |
|
Definition
| “dizziness, light headedness, bradycardia, flushing” |
|
|
Term
Cardiac Glycosides
digoxin
Pharm |
|
Definition
| increases intracellular calcium and allows more calcium to enter myocardial cells during depolarization causing: increased force of myocardial contraction, increased cardiac output and renal perfusion, slowed heart rate and decreased conduction velocity through the AV node” |
|
|
Term
Cardiac Glycosides
digoxin
Side effects |
|
Definition
| “headache weakness drowsiness, arrhythmias” |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| “Hypotension, headache, dizziness, tachycardia, flushing, nausea, vomiting, sweating” |
|
|
Term
Nitrates
nitroglycerin
Pharm |
|
Definition
| “the nitrates relax and dilate veins, arteries and capillaries, allowing increased blood flow through the vessels and lowering systemic blood pressure because of a drop in resistance” |
|
|
Term
Beta Blockers
metoprolol
pharm |
|
Definition
| “used to block the stimulatory effects of the sympathetic nervous system.. Act competitively in heart and kidneys. ” |
|
|
Term
Beta Blockers
metoprolol
Side effects |
|
Definition
| “dizziness, vertigo, arrhythmias,” |
|
|
Term
Calcium Channel Blockers
diltiazem
Pharm |
|
Definition
| inhibit the movement of calcium ions across the membranes of the myocardial and arterial muscle cells, altering the action potential and blocking muscle cell contraction. This effect depresses myocardial contractility, slows cardiac impulse formation in the conductive tissues and relaxes and dilates arteries” |
|
|
Term
Calcium Channel Blockers
diltiazem
Side effects |
|
Definition
| “dizziness, light headedness, bradycardia, flushing” |
|
|
Term
Aminoglycosides
Gentamicin
Pharm |
|
Definition
| “inhibits protein synthesis is susceptible strains of gram-negative bacteria, disrupts functional integrity of the cell membrane and causes cell death” |
|
|
Term
Aminoglycosides
Gentamicin
side effects |
|
Definition
| “rash, risk of nephrotoxicity” |
|
|
Term
cephalosporins
Second generation cefaclor
Pharmasutics |
|
Definition
| “inhibits synthesis of bacterial cell walls, causes cell death” |
|
|
Term
cephalosporins
Second generation cefaclor
Side effecst |
|
Definition
| superinfections, bone marrow depression, risk for pseudomembranous colitis |
|
|
Term
fluoroquinolones
ciprofloxacin
Pharm |
|
Definition
| “inhibits with DNA replication in susceptible gram-negative bacteria preventing cell reproduction” |
|
|
Term
fluoroquinolones
ciprofloxacin
Side |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Extended spectrum
Amoxicillin
Pharm |
|
Definition
| “inhibits synthesis of the cell wall is susceptible bacteria” |
|
|
Term
Extended spectrum
Amoxicillin
Side effects |
|
Definition
| “nausea, vomiting, bone marrow suppression, rash, superinfections” |
|
|
Term
Sulfonamides
cotrimoxazole
Pharm |
|
Definition
| “leads to inability for cells to multiply” |
|
|
Term
Sulfonamides
cotrimoxazole
Side effects |
|
Definition
| “rash, Steven Johnsons syndrome, bone marrow suppression, nausea, vomiting. photophobia” |
|
|
Term
tetracycline
Tetracycline
Pharm |
|
Definition
| “inhibits protein synthesis, prevents cell replication” (Karch, 2011, p.119) |
|
|
Term
tetracycline
Tetracycline
Side |
|
Definition
| “rash, photosensitivity, discoloring and inadequate calcification of primary teeth of fetus or secondary teeth of children, bone marrow suppression, nausea, vomiting” |
|
|
Term
| what dose the endocrine system do (5 things) |
|
Definition
Provides communication within the body
Helps to regulate growth and development
Helps to regulate reproduction
Helps to regulate energy use
Helps to regulate electrolyte balance |
|
|
Term
| Hormones act in 2 different ways |
|
Definition
React with a specific receptor sites on the cell membrane to stimulate and effect within the cell. This reaction is very quick-often within seconds to produce an effect EXAMPLE: Insulin
React with a specific receptor site on messenger RNS which then enters the cell nucleus and alters cell function. This reaction is slower, can take quite a while to produce an effect EXAMPLE: Estrogen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Coordinating Center, Constantly Monitoring, Coordinates Responses
Regulates: Temp, thirst, hunger, water retention, BP, R, reproduction and emotional responses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hypothalamic-pituitary axis (HPA) uses a series of negative feedback systems |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Widely used to suppress the immune system
Do NOT cure any inflammatory disorder
Reserved now for short term use to relieve inflammation during acute stages of illness or for replacement therapy |
|
|
Term
Glucocorticoids
Prednisone
Pharm |
|
Definition
| “enters target cells…initiates complex reactions responsible for anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects” |
|
|
Term
Glucocorticoids
Prednisone
Side effects |
|
Definition
| “increased weight gain, increased appetite, immuno-suppression” |
|
|
Term
Thyroid Hormones
levothyroxine
Pharm |
|
Definition
“increases metabolic rate of tissues…
replacement hormone” |
|
|
Term
Thyroid Hormones
levothyroxine
Side effects |
|
Definition
| “tremors, headache, palpitations” |
|
|
Term
Antithyroid agents
propylthiouracil
Pharmacokinetics |
|
Definition
| “inhibits the synthesis of thyroid hormones…” (Karch, 2011, p.573) |
|
|
Term
Antithyroid agents
propylthiouracil
Adverse Effects |
|
Definition
“vertigo, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting”
(Karch, 2011, p.573) |
|
|
Term
Antithyroid agents
Strong iodine
Pharmacokinetics |
|
Definition
| “inhibits the synthesis of thyroid hormones…” (Karch, 2011, p.573) |
|
|
Term
Antithyroid agents
Strong iodine
Adverse Effects |
|
Definition
“hypo-thyroidism”
(Karch, 2011, p.573) |
|
|
Term
Antihypo-calcemic agents
calcitriol
Pharmacokinetics |
|
Definition
| “regulates absorption of calcium and phosphate from the small intestine” (Karch, 2011, p.579) |
|
|
Term
Antihypo-calcemic agents
calcitriol
Adverse Effects |
|
Definition
“weakness, muscle pain, bone pain”
(Karch, 2011, p.579) |
|
|
Term
Antihyper-calcemic agents
bisphosphonates
Pharmacokinetics |
|
Definition
| “slow or block bone reabsorption” (Karch, 2011, p.579) |
|
|
Term
Antihyper-calcemic agents
bisphosphonates
Adverse Effects |
|
Definition
“headache, nausea, diarrhea, esophageal erosion”
(Karch, 2011, p.579) |
|
|
Term
Antihyper-calcemic agents
Calcitonins
Pharmacokinetics |
|
Definition
| “balance effects of PTH” (Karch, 2011, p.579) |
|
|
Term
Antihyper-calcemic agents
Calcitonins
Adverse Effects |
|
Definition
“flushing”
(Karch, 2011, p.579) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Parathyroid hormone regulates serum calcium through its effects on the following tissues
Bone
Kidney
Intestin |
|
|
Term
Antihyper-calcemic agents
Calcitonins
Pharmacokinetics |
|
Definition
| “balance effects of PTH” (Karch, 2011, p.579) |
|
|
Term
Antihyper-calcemic agents
Calcitonins
Adverse Effects |
|
Definition
“flushing”
(Karch, 2011, p.579) |
|
|
Term
Insulin
Humulin R
Humulin N
Humulin 30/70
Pharmacokinetics |
|
Definition
| “replacement of endogenous insulin” (Karch, 2011, p.593) |
|
|
Term
Insulin
Humulin R
Humulin N
Humulin 30/70
Adverse Effects |
|
Definition
“hypo-glycemia”
(Karch, 2011, p.593) |
|
|
Term
Sulfonylureas First Generation
chlorpropamide
Pharmacokinetics |
|
Definition
| “stimulates release of insulin from functioning beta cells” (Karch, 2011, p.599) |
|
|
Term
Sulfonylureas First Generation
chlorpropamide
Adverse Effects |
|
Definition
“hypo-glycemia”
(Karch, 2011, p.599) |
|
|
Term
Sulfonylureas Second Generation
glyburide
Pharmacokinetics |
|
Definition
| “stimulates release of insulin from functioning beta cells” (Karch, 2011, p.599) |
|
|
Term
Sulfonylureas Second Generation
glyburide
Adverse Effects |
|
Definition
“hypo-glycemia”
(Karch, 2011, p.599) |
|
|
Term
Biguanide
Metformin
Pharmacokinetics |
|
Definition
| “may increase peripheral use of glucose, increase production of insulin (Karch, 2011, p.601) |
|
|
Term
Biguanide
Metformin
Adverse Effects |
|
Definition
“hypo-glycemia”
(Karch, 2011, p.601) |
|
|
Term
Glucose Elevating Agents
glucagon
Pharmacokinetics |
|
Definition
| “accelerates the breakdown of glycogen into glucose” (Karch, 2011, p.603) |
|
|
Term
Glucose Elevating Agents
glucagon
Adverse Effects |
|
Definition
“nausea, vomiting, hypotension”
(Karch, 2011, p.603) |
|
|
Term
Histamine-2 Antagonists
Cimetidine
Pharmacokinetics |
|
Definition
| “Inhibits action of histamine at H2 receptor sites of the stomach, inhibiting gastric acid secretion” (Karch, 2011, p.918) |
|
|
Term
Histamine-2 Antagonists
Cimetidine
Adverse Effects |
|
Definition
| “Dizziness, confusion, headache, cardiac arrhythmias, cardiac arrest, diarrhea” (Karch, 2011, p.918) |
|
|
Term
Antacids
Sodium Bicarbonate
Pharmacokinetics |
|
Definition
| “neutralizes or reduces gastric acidity, resulting in an increase in gastric pH” (Karch, 2011, p.920) |
|
|
Term
Antacids
Sodium Bicarbonate
Adverse Effects |
|
Definition
| “systemic alkalosis, gastric acid rebound” (Karch, 2011, p.920) |
|
|
Term
Proton Pump Inhibitors
Omeprazole
Pharmacokinetics |
|
Definition
| “Inhibits enzyme system on the secretory surface of the gastric parietal cells, blocking the final step in acid production and decreasing gastric levels” (Karch, 2011, p.922) |
|
|
Term
Proton Pump Inhibitors
Omeprazole
Adverse Effects |
|
Definition
| “headache, dizziness, vertigo” (Karch, 2011, p.923) |
|
|
Term
GI Protectants
Sucralfate
Pharmacokinetics |
|
Definition
| “Forms an ulcer adherent complex at the ulcer site” (Karch, 2011, p.924) |
|
|
Term
GI Protectants
Sucralfate
Adverse Effects |
|
Definition
| “Dizziness, dry mouth” (Karch, 2011, p.924) |
|
|
Term
Bulk Stimulants
Magnesium Citrate
Pharmacokinetics |
|
Definition
| “Increases the motility of the GI tract by increasing fluid in the intestinal contents, which enlarges bulk and stimulates local stretch receptors” (Karch, 2011, p.936) |
|
|
Term
Bulk Stimulants
Magnesium Citrate
Pharmacokinetics |
|
Definition
| “Diarrhea, abdominal cramps, bloating” (Karch, 2011, p.936) |
|
|
Term
Lubricants
Mineral Oil
Pharmacokinetics |
|
Definition
| “Forms a slippery coat on the contents of the intestinal tract” (Karch, 2011, p.937) |
|
|
Term
Lubricants
Mineral Oil
Pharmacokinetics |
|
Definition
| “Diarrhea, abdominal cramps, bloating” (Karch, 2011, p.936) |
|
|
Term
Gastrointestinal Stimulants
Metoclopramide
Pharmacokinetics |
|
Definition
| “Stimulates movement of the upper GI tract” (Karch, 2011, p.939) |
|
|
Term
Gastrointestinal Stimulants
Metoclopramide
Adverse Effects |
|
Definition
| “Diarrhea, extrapyramidal effects” (Karch, 2011, p.939) |
|
|
Term
Antidiarrheals
Loperamide
Pharmacokinetics |
|
Definition
| “Inhibits intestinal peristalsis” (Karch, 2011, p.941) |
|
|
Term
Antidiarrheals
Loperamide
Adverse Effects |
|
Definition
| “Constipation, abdominal cramps, distention or discomfort” (Karch, 2011, p.941) |
|
|
Term
Phenothiazines
prochlorperazine
Pharmacokinetics |
|
Definition
| “depresses various areas of the CNS, including CTZ in the medulla” (Karch, 2011, p.953) |
|
|
Term
Phenothiazines
prochlorperazine
Adverse Effects |
|
Definition
| “drowsiness, blurred vision” (Karch, 2011, p.953) |
|
|
Term
Non Phenothiazines
metoclopramide
Pharmacokinetics |
|
Definition
| “slows GI activity” (Karch, 2011, p.953) |
|
|
Term
Non Phenothiazines
metoclopramide
Pharmacokinetics |
|
Definition
| “drowsiness, fatigue, extrapyramidal effects” (Karch, 2011, p.953) |
|
|
Term
5-HT3 Receptor Blockers
ondansetron
Pharmacokinetics |
|
Definition
| “blocks specific receptor sites associated with nausea and vomiting” (Karch, 2011, p.955) |
|
|
Term
5-HT3 Receptor Blockers
ondansetron
Adverse Effects |
|
Definition
| “headache, dizziness, drowsiness” (Karch, 2011, p.955) |
|
|
Term
GROUP salicylates
PROTOTYPE aspirin
PHARMACOLOGIC ACTION/CLINICAL
INDICATIONS |
|
Definition
“Inhibit synthesis of prostaglandins” (Karch, 2011, p.248)
“treat mild to moderate pain” (Karch, 2011, p.248)
‘inhibit platelet aggregation” (Karch, 2011, p.248)
Hepatic metabolism
Urine excretion |
|
|
Term
GROUP salicylates
PROTOTYPE aspirin
S & S OF OVERDOSE
OR ADVERSE EFFECTS |
|
Definition
| “nausea, vomiting, heartburn, epigastric discomfort, occult blood loss, dizziness, tinnitus” (Karch, 2011, p.248) |
|
|
Term
GROUP nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents
PROTOTYPE ibuprofen
PHARMACOLOGIC ACTION/CLINICAL
INDICATIONS |
|
Definition
“relief of signs and symptoms” (Karch, 2011, p.257)
“relief of mild to moderate pain” (Karch, 2011, p.257)
“fever reduction” (Karch, 2011, p.257)
Hepatic metabolism
Urine excretion |
|
|
Term
GROUP nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents
PROTOTYPE ibuprofen
S & S OF OVERDOSE
OR ADVERSE EFFECTS |
|
Definition
| “Headache, dizziness, somnolence, bleeding” (Karch, 2011, p.257) |
|
|
Term
GROUP related agents
PROTOTYPE tylenol
PHARMACOLOGIC ACTION/CLINICAL
INDICATIONS |
|
Definition
“Mild to moderate pain” (Karch, 2011, p.258)
“Fever” (Karch, 2011, p.258)
Hepatic metabolism
Urine and bile excretion |
|
|
Term
GROUP related agents
PROTOTYPE tylenol
S & S OF OVERDOSE
OR ADVERSE EFFECTS |
|
Definition
| Liver toxicity and failure |
|
|
Term
GROUP narcotic agonists
PROTOTYPE morphine
PHARMACOLOGIC ACTION/CLINICAL
INDICATIONS |
|
Definition
Act at a specific receptor site in the CNS to produce analgesia, sedation and a sense of well-being
Relief of severe acute or chronic pain
Hepatic metabolism
Urine and bile excretion |
|
|
Term
GROUP narcotic agonists
PROTOTYPE morphine
S & S OF OVERDOSE
OR ADVERSE EFFECTS |
|
Definition
Relate to their effects on various opioid receptors
Respiratory depression
Light headed, dizziness, sedation, nausea, vomiting |
|
|
Term
GROUP narcotic agonists-antagonists
PROTOTYPE pentazocine
PHARMACOLOGIC ACTION/CLINICAL
INDICATIONS |
|
Definition
Relief of moderate or severe pain, adjunct to general anesthesia and relief of pain during labor and delivery
Metabolized in liver
Excreted in urine and bile |
|
|
Term
GROUP narcotic agonists-antagonists
PROTOTYPE pentazocine
S & S OF OVERDOSE
OR ADVERSE EFFECTS
INDICATIONS |
|
Definition
Light headed
dizzy,
sedation |
|
|
Term
GROUP narcotic antagonists
PROTOTYPE naloxone
PHARMACOLOGIC ACTION/CLINICAL
INDICATIONS |
|
Definition
Complete or partial reversal of narcotic depression
Reverses the effects of opioids
Metabolized in the liver
Urine excretion |
|
|
Term
GROUP narcotic antagonists
PROTOTYPE naloxone
PHARMACOLOGIC ACTION/CLINICAL
INDICATIONS |
|
Definition
nausea
Vomiting
Sweating
Tachycardia
Hypotension or hypertension |
|
|
Term
Maintenance of volume and composition of body fluids
R/T Kidney |
|
Definition
Sodium Regulation
Countercurrent Mechanism
Chloride Regulation
Potassium Regulation
Calcium Regulation |
|
|
Term
GROUP Thiazide Diuretics
PROTOTYPE
hydrochlorothiazide
PHARMACOLOGIC ACTION/CLINICAL
INDICATIONS |
|
Definition
Act to block the chloride pump
Keeps sodium and chloride in the tubule to be excreted in the urine
Little increase in the volume of urine produced
Considered a mild diuretic
Well absorbed from GI tract
Metabolized in liver excreted in urine |
|
|
Term
GROUP Thiazide Diuretics
PROTOTYPE
hydrochlorothiazide
S & S OF OVERDOSE
OR ADVERSE EFFECTS |
|
Definition
Watch allergies
Fluid and electrolyte imbalances
Severe renal disease
GI upset
Hypokalemia
Weakness, muscle cramps and arrhythmias |
|
|
Term
GROUP Loop Diuretics
PROTOTYPE
furosemide
PHARMACOLOGIC ACTION/CLINICAL
INDICATIONS |
|
Definition
Work in loop of Henle
High ceiling diuretics cause a greater degree of diuresis
Block chloride pump in ascending loop of Henle
Used for rapid and extensive diuresis
Metabolized in liver excreted in urine |
|
|
Term
GROUP Loop Diuretics
PROTOTYPE
furosemide
S & S OF OVERDOSE
OR ADVERSE EFFECTS |
|
Definition
Watch allergies
Fluid and electrolyte imbalances
Severe renal disease
Dizziness, vertigo, orthostatic hypotension
GI upset |
|
|
Term
GROUP Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
PROTOTYPE
acetazolamide
PHARMACOLOGIC ACTION/CLINICAL
INDICATIONS |
|
Definition
Adjunctive treatment of open-angle glaucoma
metabolized in liver excreted in urine |
|
|
Term
GROUP Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
PROTOTYPE
acetazolamide
S & S OF OVERDOSE
OR ADVERSE EFFECTS |
|
Definition
Watch allergies
Fluid and electrolyte imbalances
Severe renal disease
GI upset
Hypokalemia
Weakness, muscle cramps and arrhythmias |
|
|
Term
GROUP Potassium Sparing Diuretics
PROTOTYPE
spironolactone
PHARMACOLOGIC ACTION/CLINICAL
INDICATIONS |
|
Definition
Retain potassium inside of wasting it
Competitively blocks the effects of aldosterone in the renal tubule, causing loss of sodium and water and retention of potassium
Used for pts at risk of hypokalemia
Metabolized in the liver and excreted in the urine |
|
|
Term
GROUP Potassium Sparing Diuretics
PROTOTYPE
spironolactone
S & S OF OVERDOSE
OR ADVERSE EFFECTS |
|
Definition
Watch allergies
Fluid and electrolyte imbalances
Severe renal disease
GI upset
Hypokalemia
Weakness, muscle cramps and arrhythmias |
|
|
Term
GROUP Antitussives
PROTOTYPE
dextromethorphan
PHARMACOLOGIC ACTION/CLINICAL
INDICATIONS |
|
Definition
Suppress the cough reflex
Act directly on the medullary cough center of the brain to depress the cough reflex
Metabolized in the liver
Excreted in the urine |
|
|
Term
GROUP Antitussives
PROTOTYPE
dextromethorphan
S & S OF OVERDOSE
OR ADVERSE EFFECTS |
|
Definition
Dizziness
Respiratory depression
Dry mouth |
|
|
Term
GROUP Topical nasal decongestants
PROTOTYPE
ephedrine
PHARMACOLOGIC ACTION/CLINICAL
INDICATIONS |
|
Definition
| Sympathomimetic (imitate the effects of the sympathetic nervous system to cause vasoconstriction |
|
|
Term
GROUP Topical nasal decongestants
PROTOTYPE
ephedrine
S & S OF OVERDOSE
OR ADVERSE EFFECTS |
|
Definition
Almost immediate effect because applied topically
Not generally absorbed
Disorientation
Confusion
Light headedness
Nausea and vomiting
Fever
Dyspnea
Rebound congestion |
|
|
Term
GROUP Oral Decongestants
PROTOTYPE
Pseudoephedrine
PHARMACOLOGIC ACTION/CLINICAL
INDICATIONS |
|
Definition
Taken orally to decrease nasal congestion
Shrink mucous membranes by stimulating alpha-adrenergic receptors in the nasal mucous membranes
Metabolized in the liver
Excreted in the urine |
|
|
Term
GROUP Oral Decongestants
PROTOTYPE
Pseudoephedrine
S & S OF OVERDOSE
OR ADVERSE EFFECTS |
|
Definition
Anxiety
Restlessness
Headache
Dizziness
Drowsiness
Vision changes
Seizures
hypertension |
|
|
Term
GROUP Topical nasal steroid decongestants
PROTOTYPE
flunisolide
PHARMACOLOGIC ACTION/CLINICAL
INDICATIONS |
|
Definition
Popular for treatment of allergic rhinitis
Exact mechanism unknown
Produce a direct anti-inflammatory response
May require up to one week to cause any change |
|
|
Term
GROUP Topical nasal steroid decongestants
PROTOTYPE
flunisolide
S & S OF OVERDOSE
OR ADVERSE EFFECTS |
|
Definition
Block the inflammatory response
Local burning and irritation
Stinging,
dryness,
Headache |
|
|
Term
GROUP Antihistamines
PROTOTYPE
Hydroxyzine
PHARMACOLOGIC ACTION/CLINICAL
INDICATIONS |
|
Definition
Block histamine receptor site
Also anticholinergic and antipruritic effects
Metabolized by liver
Excreted in feces |
|
|
Term
GROUP Antihistamines
PROTOTYPE
Hydroxyzine
S & S OF OVERDOSE
OR ADVERSE EFFECTS |
|
Definition
Drowsiness
Agitation
Dizziness
Headache
Weakness
Dry mouth |
|
|
Term
GROUP guaifenesin
PROTOTYPE
Expectorant
PHARMACOLOGIC ACTION/CLINICAL
INDICATIONS |
|
Definition
Increase productive cough to clear airways,
Liquefy lower respiratory tract secretions decreasing viscosity
Unknown metabolism and excretion |
|
|
Term
GROUP guaifenesin
PROTOTYPE
Expectorant
S & S OF OVERDOSE
OR ADVERSE EFFECTS |
|
Definition
Nausea
Vomiting
Headache
dizziness |
|
|
Term
GROUP Mucolytics
PROTOTYPE
Dornase alfa
PHARMACOLOGIC ACTION/CLINICAL
INDICATIONS |
|
Definition
Break down mucous
Metabolized in liver
Excreted in urine |
|
|
Term
GROUP Mucolytics
PROTOTYPE
Dornase alfa
S & S OF OVERDOSE
OR ADVERSE EFFECTS |
|
Definition
Nausea
Vomiting
Stomatitis
bronchospasm |
|
|
Term
GROUP Xanthines
PROTOTYPE
Aminophylline
PHARMACOLOGIC ACTION/CLINICAL
INDICATIONS |
|
Definition
Relief of asthma
Relaxes bronchial smooth muscles causing bronchodilation and increasing vital capacity
Metabolized in liver
Excreted in urine |
|
|
Term
GROUP Xanthines
PROTOTYPE
Aminophylline
S & S OF OVERDOSE
OR ADVERSE EFFECTS |
|
Definition
Irritability
Restlessness
Dizziness
Palpitations
Loss of appetite |
|
|
Term
GROUP Sympathomimetics
PROTOTYPE
Epinephrine
PHARMACOLOGIC ACTION/CLINICAL
INDICATIONS |
|
Definition
Mimic effects of sympathetic nervous system
Dilate bronchi with increased rate and depth of respirations
Beta 2 receptors |
|
|
Term
GROUP Sympathomimetics
PROTOTYPE
Epinephrine
S & S OF OVERDOSE
OR ADVERSE EFFECTS |
|
Definition
Anxiety
Restlessness
Headaches
Nausea
Tachycardia |
|
|
Term
GROUP Anticholinergics
PROTOTYPE
Ipratropium
PHARMACOLOGIC ACTION/CLINICAL
INDICATIONS |
|
Definition
| Maintenance treatment of bronchospasms |
|
|
Term
GROUP Anticholinergics
PROTOTYPE
Ipratropium
S & S OF OVERDOSE
OR ADVERSE EFFECTS |
|
Definition
Nervousness
Dizziness
Headache
Palpitation
Nausea
GI upset |
|
|
Term
GROUP Inhaled steroids
PROTOTYPE
Budesonide
PHARMACOLOGIC ACTION/CLINICAL
INDICATIONS |
|
Definition
Decrease inflammatory response
Metabolized in liver
Excreted in urine |
|
|
Term
GROUP Inhaled steroids
PROTOTYPE
Budesonide
S & S OF OVERDOSE
OR ADVERSE EFFECTS |
|
Definition
Irritability
Headache
Rebound congestions
Local infection |
|
|
