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Pharm 2
Unit 13 Diabetes
56
Pharmacology
Undergraduate 3
04/21/2014

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Term
HHNK(hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome)
Definition
a slow gradual increase in blood glucose levels, insulin is present but it is not as effective as it should be
Term
What are the two main causative factors of HHNK?
Definition
insulin resistance and too high carbohydrate intake
Term
What is Type one diabetes mellitus characterized by?
Definition
polyuria,polydipsia,polyphagia
Term
Etiology of Type 1 Diabetes?
Definition
there is no endogenous production of insulin from the beta cells in the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas
Term
Normal glucose level?
Definition
70-110
Term
Onset?
Definition
time required for the medication to have an initial effect or begin working
Term
Peak?
Definition
when the insulin will have its maximum effect
Term
Duration?
Definition
how long the insulin will remain active in the body
Term
lispro (Humalog)
Definition
rapid acting
Term
aspart (Novalog)
Definition
rapid acting
Term
given 10-15min prior to eating/sliding scale
Definition
rapid acting
Term
peak 1-3hrs, duration 2-6hrs.
Definition
rapid acting
Term
Regular
Definition
short acting
Term
onset 1hr., peak 2-4hrs.
Definition
short acting
Term
NPH
Definition
intermediate acting
Term
cloudy insulin?
Definition
intermediate acting, NPH
Term
insulin glargine (Lantus)
Definition
long acting
Term
detemir (Levemir)
Definition
long acting
Term
What insulin is not mixed with any other?
Definition
long acting
Term
glyburide (Diabeta)
Definition
sulfonylureas
Term
glimepiride (Amaryl)
Definition
sulfonylureas
Term
glipizide (Glucotrol)
Definition
sulfonylureas
Term
What drug stimulates the release of insulin from the pancreas?
Definition
sulfonylureas
Term
Side effects of sulfonylureas?
Definition
hypoglycemia,bloating flatulence,abdominal cramping,nausea
Term
metformin (Glucophage)
Definition
biguanide's
Term
What drug lowers blood glucose by reducing hepatic glucose production?
Definition
biguanide's
Term
What is prescribed in the treatment of POS?
Definition
biguanide's
Term
Prandin
Definition
meglitinides
Term
Starlix
Definition
meglitinides
Term
What drug stimulate pancreas beta cells?
Definition
meglitinides
Term
pioglitazone (Actos)
Definition
thiazolidinediones
Term
rosiglitazone (Avandia)
Definition
thiazolidinediones
Term
What drug reduces insulin resistance in the periphery?
Definition
thiazolidinediones
Term
Which drug has a black box for CHF,MI and not for C-V disease patients?
Definition
thiazolidinediones
Term
What test should be performed before taking thiazolidinediones?
Definition
liver function
Term
acarbose (Precose)
Definition
alpha-glucosidase inhibitor
Term
miglitol (Glyset)
Definition
alpha-glucosidase inhibitor
Term
What drug inhibits the absorption of glucose from the gut?
Definition
alpha-glucosidase inhibitor
Term
sitagliptin (Januvia)
Definition
dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitor
Term
saxagliptin (Onglyza)
Definition
dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitor
Term
linagliptin (Tradienta)
Definition
dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitor
Term
exenatide (Byetta)
Definition
intretin mimetic agent
Term
lirglutide (Victoza)
Definition
intretin mimetic agent
Term
Which drug has a black box for development of pancreatitis and necrotizing pancreatitis?
Definition
intretin mimetic agent
Term
pramlintide (Symlin)
Definition
amylinomimetic agent
Term
glucagon (Gluagen)
Definition
glucose elevating agent
Term
Symptoms of hypothyroidism?
Definition
weight gain, lethargy, constipation, thick skin, cold intolerance, anemia, and hyperlipidemia
Term
radioactive iodine isotopes
Definition
used to destroy the hyperactive thyroid tissue in older patients
Term
Iodine 131
Definition
takes 3-6mths for effect, po
Term
corticosteroids
Definition
hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex
Term
propiltihiouracil (PTU,Propacil)
Definition
anti-thyroid
Term
Tapazole
Definition
anti-thyroid
Term
Side effects of corticosteroids?
Definition
increase blood sugar, infection risk,ulcer formation, edema and cause hyperglycemia,mood swings, and mask inflammatory responses
Term
aldosterone (Florinef)
Definition
mineralcorticoid
Term
causes sodium and water retention?
Definition
mineralcorticoids
Term
What is used to treat Addisons and to treat salt losing adrenogenitial syndrome?
Definition
mineralcorticoids
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