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Pharm 1 Final Drugs
Drug List for Pharm 1
345
Medical
Graduate
08/16/2013

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Term
Butyryl Pseudocholinesterase
Definition
(plasma/liver) hydrolyzes procaine and succinylcholine
Term
Onabotulinum Toxin A
Definition
(NMJ Blocker) degrades SNAP-25 to prevent ACh release flacid paralysis + ↓ANS  Tx Strabismus, blepharospasm, cervical dystonia, anal fissure, hyperhidrosis + Px migraines
Term
Onabotulinum Toxin A Toxicity
Definition
respiratory paralysis
Term
Methacholine
Definition
(ACh Ag; AChE-res) Dx Bronchial Asthma
Term
Bethanechol
Definition
(ACh Ag; AChE-res) Tx bladder/GI atony
Term
Cevimeline
Definition
(ACh Ag; AChE-res) Tx Xerostomia
Term
Pilocarpine
Definition
(ACh Ag; AChE-res) Tx Xerostomia and Glaucome (increase trabecular outflow)
Term
Varenicicline
Definition
(Partial ACh Ag) smoking cessation
Term
Organophosphorous Parathion/Malathion/Nitrostigmine Insecticides
Definition
(irrev anti-AChE) phosphorylate Esteratic Ser + alkyl-loss aging  inactive AChE
Term
Sarin Nerve Gas
Definition
(irrev anti-AChE) phosphorylate Esteratic Ser + alkyl-loss aging inactive AChE
Term
Pralidoxime (PAM)
Definition
(Anti-Organophosphate) binds to Anionic site to conjugate with Esteratic Ser PO4  reactivates irrev-inib AChE  Tx Organophosphorous and atropine poisoning
Term
Edrophonium
Definition
(rev Carbamate anti-AChE) locks carbamyl group to Esteratic Ser  slow AChE  MG Tensilon test (improves Myasthenci crisis / worsens Cholinergic) + Reverse NMJ blockers
Term
Neostigmine
Definition
(rev Carbamate anti-AChE) locks carbamyl group to Esteratic Ser  slow AChE  Tx MG, GI/Bladder Atony + Reverse NMJ blockers
Term
Physostigmine
Definition
(rev Carbamate anti-AChE) locks carbamyl group to Esteratic Ser  slow AChE (CNS+ 3y Amine)  Tx Glaucoma + Atropine poisoning
Term
Pyridostigmine
Definition
(rev Carbamate anti-AChE) locks carbamyl group to Esteratic Ser  slow AChE (CNS— 4y Amine)  Tx MG, Ileus, Urinary Retention + Px Sarin + Reverse NMJ blockers
Term
Tacrine
Definition
(rev Carbamate anti-AChE) locks carbamyl group to Esteratic Ser  slow AChE
Term
Atropine
Definition
(Anti-M) ↓Glands (compensatory cut vd due to ↑T), mydriasis/cycloplegia, smooth relaxation, CV Tachycardia (no ∆BP)  Preanesthetic Bradycardia control + Tx Organophosphate poisoning
Term
Atropine Toxicity
Definition
hot as a hare, blind as a bat, dry as a bone, red as a beet, and mad as a hatter
Term
Scopalamine
Definition
(Anti-M) Tx motion sickness
Term
Glycopyrrolate
Definition
(Anti-M) Preanesthetic Brady control
Term
Ipratropium
Definition
(Anti-M) Tx COPD, bronchial asthma
Term
Cyclopentolate
Definition
(Anti-M) Fundoscopic dilation
Term
Tropicamide
Definition
(Anti-M) Fundoscopic dilation
Term
Darifenacin
Definition
(Anti-M) Tx overactive bladder
Term
Tolterodine
Definition
(Anti-M) Tx overactive bladder
Term
Trihexyphenidyl
Definition
(Anti-M) Tx Parkinson
Term
Benzotropine
Definition
(Anti-M) Tx Parkinson
Term
Imipramine
Definition
(Tricyclic antidepressant with anti-M + NET1 reuptake inhibitor)
Term
Amitriptyline
Definition
(Tricyclic antidepressant with anti-M)
Term
Chloropromazine
Definition
(Antipsychotic with anti-M)
Term
Clozapine
Definition
(Antipsychotic with anti-M)
Term
Diphenhydramine
Definition
(H1-antag with anti-M)
Term
Dimenhydrinate
Definition
(H1-antag with anti-M)
Term
Promethazine
Definition
(H1-antag with anti-M)
Term
Cocaine
Definition
NET1 reuptake inhibitor
Term
MAO-A
Definition
(anywhere) degrades post-NET1 NE (VMA + Metanephrine), DA, and Tyramine
Term
Phenelzine
Definition
MAO-A blockers (cheese severe HT)
Term
Tranylcypromine
Definition
MAO-A blockers (cheese severe HT)
Term
MAO-B
Definition
(brain) degrades DA, NE, and 5-HT
Term
Selegiline
Definition
MAO-B blocker
Term
Rasagiline
Definition
MAO-B Blocker
Term
COMT
Definition
(liver) degrades circ NE --> VMA + metanephrine
Term
Tolcapone
Definition
COMT blocker
Term
Entacapone
Definition
COMT blocker
Term
Methyrosine
Definition
↓NE synthesis
Term
Reserpine
Definition
blocks NE granule storage
Term
Amphetamine
Definition
promotes NE/DA release @ CNS + block NET1 reuptake Alertness (ARAS), Concentration  Tx Narcolepsy and narcolepsy
Term
Tyramine
Definition
promotes NE/DA release
Term
Bretylium
Definition
prevents NE release
Term
Guanethidine
Definition
prevents NE release
Term
Epinephrine
Definition
B1 ino/chronotropism, low B2 vd / high a1 vc ↑BP, a/B ↓GIT smooth, a1 ↑bladder sphincter, B2 uterine relaxation, B2 Bronchodilation, a1 Mydriasis, B2 K uptake hypokalemia, B1 ↑Renin, a1/B GGL and lipolysis  Tx anaphylaxis, asthma, glaucoma, and HyT (high dose)
Term
Low Dose DA
Definition
D1R cAMP vd
Term
Med Dose DA
Definition
B1 ino/chronotropism --> Tx heart failure
Term
Large dose DA
Definition
a1 vc  Tx Renal Failure shock
Term
Fenoldopam
Definition
effectively ‘low dose DA’ @ D1R  cAMP vd  Tx HT crises
Term
Dobutamine
Definition
(B1 agonist) inotropism without chronotropism  Tx acute heart failure + cardiogenic shock
Term
Ephedrine
Definition
(a/B agonist + NE release) MAO-resistant CNS stim  Tx bronchial asthma, post-spinal anesthesia HyT, urinary incontinence
Term
Midodrine
Definition
(a/B agonist + NE release) MAO-resistant CNS stim  Tx bronchial asthma, post-spinal anesthesia HyT
Term
Phenylephrine
Definition
(a1 agonist): a1 vc w/reflex bradycardia  Tx Nasal congestion and induce Mydriasis
Term
Isoproterenole
Definition
(non-selective B-agonists) B1 ino/chronotropism + B2 vd  Tx Asthma and AV block
Term
NE (no B2)
Definition
a1 vc, B1 ino/chronotropism + reflex bradycardia  Tx HyT
Term
Clonidine
Definition
(a-2 agonist) CNS inhibition of SNS + presynaptic NE inib  Tx HT and ADHD
Term
Clonidine Toxicity
Definition
sedation, bradycardia, and rebound HT
Term
a-Methyldopa
Definition
converted to a-Methyl-NE in brain (a2 agonist) + direct inib of Dopa-decarboxylase (blocks DA/NA synth)  DOC for Tx HT in prego
Term
Albuterol
Definition
(B2 agonist) Bronchodilation  Tx Bronchial asthma
Term
Formoterol
Definition
(B2 agonist)
Term
Salmeterol
Definition
(B2 agonist)
Term
Terbutaline
Definition
(B2 agonist)
Term
Ritodrine
Definition
(B2 agonist) Uterine relaxation
Term
Phentolamine
Definition
block vc, promote urination  Tx Pheochromocytoma
Term
Phentolamine Toxicity
Definition
failure of ejaculation, HyT/Postural HyT and reflex tachycardia
Term
Phenoxybenzamine
Definition
(irrev a-blocker) block vc, promoate urination  Tx Pheochromocytoma
Term
Prazosin
Definition
(rev a1 blocker) block vc, promote urination, promote good lipoproteins Tx Hypertension, BPH retention
Term
Prazosin Toxicity
Definition
first dose postural HyT; so we start with low dose at bed time to reduce it, failure of ejaculation
Term
Terazosin
Definition
(rev a1 blocker) Tx Hypertension, BPH retention
Term
Propranolol
Definition
(non-agonist B-blocker) ↓ino/chronotropism w/decreased AV conduction, ↓Aqueous humor production IOP, ↓Epi muscle tremors  Tx Glaucoma, Tremors, Diabetic MI, Normal CV, HT, Hyperthyroidism + Px migraine and esophageal varices
Term
Long term propranolol toxicity
Definition
unfavorable ↑VLDL/↓HDL, sedation, depression, bronchial asthma, blocks signals/recover from hypoglycemia (but outweights risks in Diabetics with MI)
Term
Nadolol
Definition
(non-agonist B-blocker)
Term
Timolol
Definition
(non-agonist B-blocker) Tx hyperthyroidism
Term
Pindolol
Definition
(intrinsic agonist B-blocker)
Term
Labetolol
Definition
(B-blocker w/a-blocking) Most popular drug in CCF
Term
Carvedilol
Definition
(B-blocker w/a-blocking) Most popular drug in CCF
Term
Atenolol
Definition
(B1 blocker w/no intrinsic activity) Tx CV in DM and Bronchial asthma
Term
Metoprolol
Definition
(B1 blocker w/no intrinsic activity) Tx CV in DM and Bronchial asthma
Term
Metoprolol cessation toxicity
Definition
angina and MI
Term
Esmolol
Definition
(B1 blocker w/no intrinsic activity)
Term
Betanolol
Definition
(B1 blocker w/no intrinsic activity)
Term
Acebutol
Definition
(B1 blocker w/intrinsic Symp activity) No bradycardia or bronchoconstriction
Term
Pindolol
Definition
(B1 blocker w/intrinsic Symp activity) No bradycardia or bronchoconstriction
Term
Mecamylamine
Definition
(Ganglion blocker) ↓predominant tone  Tx HT crisis, dissecting aortic aneurysm + BLOCK reflex tachy/bradycardia
Term
Trimethaphan
Definition
(Ganglion blocker) ↓predominant tone  Tx HT crisis, dissecting aortic aneurysm + BLOCK reflex tachy/bradycardia
Term
ESBL Plasmids
Definition
ESBL + resistance to aminoglycosides, quinolones, and sulfonamides
Term
PCN Toxicity
Definition
Diarrhea and Cytopenias
Term
Penicillin G/V
Definition
Binds PBP to ↓transpeptidase peptidoglycan cross-linking + ↑Autolysis  Tx Strep throat, RF, Syphillis + Px RF; pneumococcal resistance via ∆BP/Stap via B-lactamase
Term
Methicillin
Definition
(PCNase-res PCN) Binds PBP to ↓transpeptidase peptidoglycan cross-linking + ↑Autolysis  Tx MSSA/MSSE ; causes interstitial nephritis + Staph resistance via ∆PBP
Term
Oxacillin
Definition
(PCNase-res PCN) Binds PBP to ↓transpeptidase peptidoglycan cross-linking + ↑Autolysis  Tx MSSA/E
Term
Nafcillin
Definition
(PCNase-res PCN) Binds PBP to ↓transpeptidase peptidoglycan cross-linking + ↑Autolysis  Tx MSSA/E; biliary excretion
Term
Cloxacillin
Definition
(PCNase-res PCN) Binds PBP to ↓transpeptidase peptidoglycan cross-linking + ↑Autolysis  Tx MSSA/E; hepatitis
Term
Dicloxacillin
Definition
(PCNase-res PCN) Binds PBP to ↓transpeptidase peptidoglycan cross-linking + ↑Autolysis  Tx MSSA/E
Term
Amoxicillin
Definition
(ER PCN) Binds PBP to ↓transpeptidase peptidoglycan cross-linking + ↑Autolysis  Tx Pneumococal pneumonia/OM, Moraxella OM, H. flu OM, E. coli UTI, and H. pylori; Px dental endocarditis
Term
Ampicillin
Definition
(ER PCN) Binds PBP to ↓transpeptidase peptidoglycan cross-linking + ↑Autolysis  Tx Pneumococal pneumonia, S. pyo, E. coli, H. pylori, Listeria, and Borellia; biliary excretion
Term
Ticarcillin
Definition
Ticarcillin: (ER PCN) Binds PBP to ↓transpeptidase peptidoglycan cross-linking + ↑Autolysis  Tx Pseudomonas
Term
Piperacillin
Definition
Ticarcillin: (ER PCN) Binds PBP to ↓transpeptidase peptidoglycan cross-linking + ↑Autolysis  Tx Pseudomonas
Term
Probenecid
Definition
blocks PCN urinary excretion
Term
Cephalosporin Toxicity
Definition
HSR without PCN-cross; Disulfiram Like EtOH NV
Term
Cephlexin
Definition
(G1) Binds BLBP to ↓transpeptidase peptidoglycan cross-linking + ↑Autolysis Px dental endocarditis
Term
Cefazolin
Definition
(G1) Binds BLBP to ↓transpeptidase peptidoglycan cross-linking + ↑Autolysis  surgical Px + ST infxn
Term
Cefadroxil
Definition
(G1) Binds BLBP to ↓transpeptidase peptidoglycan cross-linking + ↑Autolysis  surgical Px + ST infxn
Term
Cefuroxime
Definition
(G2) Binds BLBP to ↓transpeptidase peptidoglycan cross-linking + ↑Autolysis  intra-abdominal infxn
Term
Cefuroxime Axetil
Definition
(G2) Binds BLBP to ↓transpeptidase peptidoglycan cross-linking + ↑Autolysis  intra-abdominal infxn
Term
Cefaclor
Definition
(G2) Binds BLBP to ↓transpeptidase peptidoglycan cross-linking + ↑Autolysis  intra-abdominal infxn
Term
Cefprozil
Definition
(G2) Binds BLBP to ↓transpeptidase peptidoglycan cross-linking + ↑Autolysis  intra-abdominal infxn
Term
Cefotetan
Definition
(G2) Binds BLBP to ↓transpeptidase peptidoglycan cross-linking + ↑Autolysis  Tx Anaerobes + intra-abdominal infxn
Term
Cefoxitin
Definition
(G2) Binds BLBP to ↓transpeptidase peptidoglycan cross-linking + ↑Autolysis  Tx ESBLs, Anaerobes + intra-abdominal infxn
Term
Cefotaxime
Definition
(G3) Binds BLBP to ↓transpeptidase peptidoglycan cross-linking + ↑Autolysis  good for CNS
Term
Cefdinir
Definition
(G3) Binds BLBP to ↓transpeptidase peptidoglycan cross-linking + ↑Autolysis  good for CNS
Term
Cefdinir
Definition
(G3) Binds BLBP to ↓transpeptidase peptidoglycan cross-linking + ↑Autolysis  good for CNS
Term
Cefpodoxime
Definition
(G3) Binds BLBP to ↓transpeptidase peptidoglycan cross-linking + ↑Autolysis  good for CNS
Term
Ceftazidime
Definition
(G3) Binds BLBP to ↓transpeptidase peptidoglycan cross-linking + ↑Autolysis  good for CNS  Pseudomonas infxn
Term
Ceftriaxone
Definition
(G3) Binds BLBP to ↓transpeptidase peptidoglycan cross-linking + ↑Autolysis Px H.flu/N.mening meningitis, DOC for Tx of Borellia, serious non-Anarobe Pediatric infxn; good for CNS, Biliary excretion/sludging
Term
Cefepime
Definition
(G4) Binds BLBP to ↓transpeptidase peptidoglycan cross-linking + ↑Autolysis  good for G-
Term
Aztreonam
Definition
(Monobactam) Binds BLBP to ↓transpeptidase peptidoglycan cross-linking + ↑Autolysis  G- resistants
Term
Imipenem
Definition
(Carbapenem) Binds BLBP to ↓transpeptidase peptidoglycan cross-linking + ↑Autolysis  Admin with CIlastatin to inib renal dehydropeptidase1 degen  Tx suspect resistant crashes; can cause seizures/renal failure
Term
Meropenem
Definition
(Carbapenem) Binds BLBP to ↓transpeptidase peptidoglycan cross-linking + ↑Autolysis  Tx suspect resistant crashes
Term
Ertapenem
Definition
(Carbapenem) Binds BLBP to ↓transpeptidase peptidoglycan cross-linking + ↑Autolysis  Tx suspect resistant crashes
Term
Doripenem
Definition
(Carbapenem) Binds BLBP to ↓transpeptidase peptidoglycan cross-linking + ↑Autolysis  Tx suspect resistant crashes
Term
Imipenem
Definition
(Carbapenem) Binds BLBP to ↓transpeptidase peptidoglycan cross-linking + ↑Autolysis  Admin with CIlastatin to inib renal dehydropeptidase1 degen  Tx suspect resistant crashes; can cause seizures/renal failure
Term
Vancomycin
Definition
rreversibly inib biosynthesis of CW peptidoglycan polymers in G+  DOC for MRSA/E, PCN res pneumococci/enterococci + DO2C for C. difficile + Px CNS shunt surg; ∆BP resistance + severe renal and red-man toxicity
Term
Daptomycin
Definition
uniquely conc-dep cidal inhibition of peptidoglycan and LTA synth in CW  Tx G+ Vancomycin/Lenizolid resistant (designed not to allow MOR) in adults only
Term
Daptomycin Toxicity
Definition
transient muscle weakness/myalgias
Term
Aminoglycoside Efficacy
Definition
worse with acidosis + best with B-lactams
Term
Amikacin
Definition
(aminoglycoside) Bind 30S to cidally block initiation complex/mRNA template Tx Mycobacterial + empiric neonatal E. coli/S. Agalactiae meningitis; MOR ∆30S + ototoxicity + NMJ block
Term
Gentimicin
Definition
(aminoglycoside) Bind 30S to cidally block initiation complex/mRNA template Tx Mycobacterial + empiric neonatal E. coli/S. Agalactiae meningitis; MOR ∆30S + ototoxicity + NMJ block
Term
Neomycin
Definition
(aminoglycoside) Bind 30S to cidally block initiation complex/mRNA template Tx Mycobacterial + empiric neonatal E. coli/S. Agalactiae meningitis; MOR ∆30S + ototoxicity + NMJ block
Term
Netimycin
Definition
(aminoglycoside) Bind 30S to cidally block initiation complex/mRNA template Tx Mycobacterial + empiric neonatal E. coli/S. Agalactiae meningitis; MOR ∆30S + ototoxicity + NMJ block
Term
Tobramycin
Definition
(aminoglycoside) Bind 30S to cidally block initiation complex/mRNA template Tx Mycobacterial + empiric neonatal E. coli/S. Agalactiae meningitis; MOR ∆30S + ototoxicity + NMJ block
Term
Streptomycin
Definition
(aminoglycoside) Bind 30S to cidally block initiation complex/mRNA template Tx Mycobacterial + empiric neonatal E. coli/S. Agalactiae meningitis; MOR ∆30S + ototoxicity + NMJ block
Term
Kanamycin
Definition
(aminoglycoside) Bind 30S to cidally block initiation complex/mRNA template Tx Mycobacterial + empiric neonatal E. coli/S. Agalactiae meningitis; MOR ∆30S + ototoxicity + NMJ block
Term
Tetracyclines and B-lactams
Definition
antagonistic
Term
Tetracycline
Definition
(tetracyclines) Binds 30 to statically block aminoacyl-tRNA attachment/elongation Tx Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, Chancroid, and DOC for Rickettsia RMSF; MOR Efflux + Fetal/Ped bone and teeth + Pseudotumor cebri
Term
Oxytetracycline
Definition
(tetracyclines) Binds 30 to statically block aminoacyl-tRNA attachment/elongation  Tx Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, Chancroid, and Rickettsia RMSF; MOR Efflux + Fetal/Ped bone and teeth + Pseudotumor cebri
Term
Doxycycline
Definition
(tetracyclines) Binds 30 to statically block aminoacyl-tRNA attachment/elongation  Tx Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, Chancroid, and DOC for Rickettsia RMSF; MOR Efflux, fecal excretion + Fetal/Ped bone and teeth + Pseudotumor cebri
Term
Minocycline
Definition
(tetracyclines) Binds 30 to statically block aminoacyl-tRNA attachment/elongation  Tx Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, Chancroid, and Rickettsia RMSF; MOR Efflux + Fetal/Ped bone and teeth + Pseudotumor cebri
Term
Jarisch Herxheimer
Definition
massive CK response in cidal killing of rickettsia, spiroketes, G-, and parasites
Term
Tigecycline
Definition
bind 30S to statically block amino-acyl tRNA  Tx MRSA/E, VRE, resistant pneumo/enterococci in ADULTS
Term
Chloramphenicol
Definition
binds 50S to statically block peptidyl transferase  broad spectrum but feared toxicity (aplastic anemia, gray baby syndrome non-glucoridation)
Term
Macrolide Toxicity
Definition
Cardiotoxicity/Pyloric stenosis in infants
Term
Erythromycin
Definition
(Macrolide) concentrates in phagocytic cells to bind 50S statically and prevent transpeptidase  Tx DOC for Mycoplasma; CI prego
Term
Clarithromycin
Definition
(Macrolide) concentrates in phagocytic cells to bind 50S statically and prevent transpeptidase  Tx Atypical Mycobacteria, Legionella; CI prego
Term
Azithromycin
Definition
Azithromycin: (Macrolide) concentrates in phagocytic + resp cells to bind 50S statically and prevent transpeptidase  Tx DOC for Typhoid Fever and Pertussis; OK for prego
Term
Telithromycin
Definition
(Macrolide) concentrates in phagocytic cells to bind 50S statically and prevent transpeptidase Tx Pertusis, Legionella; CI prego
Term
Telithrymycin Toxicity
Definition
blurred vision, prolonged QT, worse MG
Term
Clindamycin
Definition
(lincosamide) bind 50S statically and prevent transpeptidase  Tx Anaerobes
Term
Synercid
Definition
binds 50S cidally and prevents transpeptidase
Term
Synercid Toxicity
Definition
drug interaxns, phlebitis, jaundice, arthr/myalgia
Term
Linezolid
Definition
good penetration into lung to Tx pneumonia (better than Vancomycin) Binds 50S at unique site to statically inhibit transpeptidase/initiaiton  Tx VRE, VRS, and VRSA;MOR ∆50S
Term
Linezolid Toxicity
Definition
Hyperseratoinin interaction with SSRI  headache, syncope, palpitations, and lacticacidosis
Term
Sulfisoxazole
Definition
(sulfonamides) bacteriostatic inhibition of Dihydropteroate synthetase
Term
Sulfamethoxazole
Definition
(sulfonamides) bacteriostatic inhibition of Dihydropteroate synthetase
Term
Sulfadiazine
Definition
Sulfiaziazine: (sulfonamides) bacteriostatic inhibition of Dihydropteroate synthetase
Term
TMP-Sulfa/Cotrimoxazole
Definition
(Sulfa + Trimethroprim) sequential bacteriostatic blockade of Dihydropteroate synthetase + dihydrofolate reductase  Tx Toxoplasma (with pyrimethamine), Pneumocystis, and Uncomplicated UTI + Px RF in PCN-allergic ; MOR met bypass (PABA)
Term
TMP/Sulfa toxicity
Definition
Steven's Johnson syndrome, Kernicterus
Term
Quinolone Efficacy
Definition
absorption hindered by antacids
Term
Quinolone Toxicity
Definition
Achilles rupture and fetal/ped articular cartilage injury
Term
Nofloxacin
Definition
(G1Q) Cidal inhibition of DNA Gyrase (TI2/4)  Tx GC UTI, prostatitis Osteomyelitis, and CAP/VAP; MOR ∆DNAG
Term
Ofloxacin
Definition
(G2Q) Cidal inhibition of DNA Gyrase (TI2/4)  Tx GC UTI, prostatitis Osteomyelitis, and CAP/VAP ; MOR ∆DNAG
Term
Ciprofloxacin
Definition
(G2Q) Cidal inhibition of DNA Gyrase (TI2/4)  Tx GC UTI, prostatitis Osteomyelitis, and CAP/VAP ; MOR ∆DNAG
Term
Levofloxacin
Definition
(G3Q) Cidal inhibition of DNA Gyrase (TI2/4)  Tx GC UTI, prostatitis Osteomyelitis, and CAP/VAP; MOR ∆DNAG
Term
Moxifloxacin
Definition
(G4Q) Cidal inhibition of DNA Gyrase (TI2/4)  Tx GC UTI, prostatitis Osteomyelitis, and CAP/VAP; MOR ∆DNAG
Term
Octreotide
Definition
(SS analog) Tx acromegaly, carcinoid/VIPoma, and Thyrotropic adenomas
Term
Lanreotide
Definition
(SS analogy) Tx acromegaly in euthyroid individuals
Term
Bromocriptine
Definition
(DA agonist) Tx hyperprolactinemia, Parkinsonism, and Acromegaly
Term
Cabergoline
Definition
(DA agonist) Tx hyperprolactinemia, Parkinsonism, and Acromegaly
Term
DA Agonist AE
Definition
Psychiatric, Raynaud's, and Orthostatic HyT due to NE inib
Term
Gonadorelin
Definition
(low dose pulsatile GnRH agonist) ↑FSH/LH  Tx hypothalamic amenorrhea + Dx pituitary amenorrhea
Term
Leupoprolide
Definition
(high dose continuous GnRH agonist) 2wk ↑LH/FSH flare + prolonged ↓LH/FSH, leading to ↓Androgens/Estrogens  Tx prostate/breast cancer, precocious puberty, endometriosis (causes infertility), and cyclical AIP
Term
Nafarelin
Definition
(high dose continuous GnRH agonist) 2wk ↑LH/FSH flare + prolonged ↓LH/FSH, leading to ↓Androgens/Estrogens  Tx prostate/breast cancer, precocious puberty, endometriosis (causes infertility), and cyclical AIP
Term
Fosarelin
Definition
(high dose continuous GnRH agonist) 2wk ↑LH/FSH flare + prolonged ↓LH/FSH, leading to ↓Androgens/Estrogens  Tx prostate/breast cancer, precocious puberty, endometriosis (causes infertility), and cyclical AIP
Term
Busarelin
Definition
(high dose continuous GnRH agonist) 2wk ↑LH/FSH flare + prolonged ↓LH/FSH, leading to ↓Androgens/Estrogens  Tx prostate/breast cancer, precocious puberty, endometriosis (causes infertility), and cyclical AIP
Term
Ganirelix
Definition
(continuous GnRH antagonist) ↓LH/FSH but no 2wk flare  ↓Androgens/Estrogens  ART to prevent premature ovulation
Term
Cetrorelix
Definition
(continuous GnRH antagonist) ↓LH/FSH but no 2wk flare  ↓Androgens/Estrogens  ART to prevent premature ovulation
Term
Abarelix
Definition
(continuous GnRH antagonist) ↓LH/FSH but no 2wk flare  ↓Androgens/Estrogens  ART to prevent premature ovulation + Tx Prostate Cancer
Term
Corticorellin
Definition
(CRH analog) DDx of non-Dexamethasone suppressed 2y hypercortisolism (Cushings will worsen / Ectopic ACTH will not)
Term
CRH
Definition
stimulation test to DDx 2y adrenal insufficiency (no correction) or 3y adrenal insufficiency (correction)
Term
Recombinant GH
Definition
Tx GH def, AIDS wasting, osteoporosis, and short stature
Term
GH AE
Definition
slipped femoral epiphysis + CJD + ↑cortisol metabolism 2y hypoadrenal unmasking
Term
Mecasermin
Definition
(IGF-1 prep) Tx GH-insensitive Laron Dwarfism
Term
Pevgisomant
Definition
(GH-R Antagonist) Tx Acromegaly (can cause hypoglycemia)
Term
hCG
Definition
(LH agonist) induces ovulation  Tx hypogonadotropic hypogonadal anovulation, PCOS, cryptorchidism
Term
Cosyntropin
Definition
(porcine ACTH)  Tx infant spasms + Dx CAH enzyme deficiency or Adrenal insufficiency
Term
Pitocin
Definition
(oxytocin prep) uterine contraction  induce labore + reduce postpartum hemorrhage
Term
Atosiban
Definition
(oxytocin antagonist) Tx/suppress premature labor
Term
Terlipressin
Definition
(ADH analog @ V1R) universal vc  Tx esophageal varices + catecholamine-res shock
Term
Desmopressin
Definition
o 2wk flare  ↓Androgens/Estrogens  ART to prevent premature ovulation
Cetrorelix: (continuous GnRH antagonist) ↓LH/FSH but no 2wk flare  ↓Androgens/Estrogens  ART to prevent premature ovulation
Abarelix: (continuous GnRH antagonist) ↓LH/FSH but no 2wk flare  ↓Androgens/Estrogens  ART to prevent premature ovulation + Tx prostate cancer
Corticorellin: (CRH analog) DDx of non-Dexamethasone suppressed 2y hypercortisolism (Cushings will worsen / Ectopic ACTH will not)
CRH: stimulation test to DDx 2y adrenal insufficiency (no correction) or 3y adrenal insufficiency (correction)
Recombinant GH: Tx GH def, AIDS wasting, osteoporosis, and short stature
- AE: slipped femoral epiphysis + CJD + ↑cortisol metabolism 2y hypoadrenal unmasking
Mecasermin: (IGF-1 prep) Tx GH-insensitive Laron Dwarfism
Pegvisomant: (GH-R Antagonist) Tx Acromegaly
- AE: Hypoglycemia due to IGF1 inib
hCG: (LH agonist) induces ovulation  Tx hypogonadotropic hypogonadal anovulation, PCOS, cryptorchidism
Cosyntropin: (porcine ACTH)  Tx infant spasms + Dx CAH enzyme deficiency or Adrenal insufficiency
Pitocin: (oxytocin prep) uterine contraction  induce labore + reduce postpartum hemorrhage
- AE: seizure and hyponatremia
Atosiban: (oxytocin antagonist) Tx/suppress premature labor
Terlipressin: (ADH analog @ V1R) universal vc  Tx esophageal varices + catecholamine-res shock
Desmopressin: (ADH analog @ V2R) aquaporins @ CD + F8/vWF  Tx Nocturnal enuresis, DI, hemophilia, and vWD
Term
Conivaptan
Definition
(non-selective V1/2R antagonist) Tx hyponatremia in SIADH
Term
Tolvaptan
Definition
(non-selective V1/2R antagonist) Tx hyponatremia in SIADH
Term
Cortisol
Definition
(glucocorticoid) HRT in 1y/2y hypoadrenalism or CAH
Term
Dexamethasone
Definition
(glucocorticoid) Tx maturation of premie lungs or Dx 2y/3y hyperadrenalism due to lack of ACTH suppression
Term
Betamethasone
Definition
(glucocorticoid) Tx maturation of premie lungs
Term
Fludricortisone
Definition
(gluco/mineralocorticoid) Tx salt wasting CAH
Term
Prednisone
Definition
(glucocorticoid) Tx AI, transplant, lymphoma/leukemia, and bronchial asthma (OK for prego)
Term
Triamcinolone
Definition
(glucocorticoid) Tx AI
Term
Metyrapone
Definition
(11B-OH inib) Tx Cushings
Term
Metyrapone Toxicity
Definition
salt/water retention + hirsutism due to shifts
Term
Mefipristone
Definition
low dose progesterone antagonist (49 day abortion) + high dose anti-glucocorticoid activity
Term
Spironolactone
Definition
mineralocorticoid + androgen antagonist  Tx hyperaldosteronism + hirsutism
Term
Eplerenone
Definition
mineralocorticoid antagonist --> Tx HT
Term
Trilostane
Definition
(3B-OH inib) blocks all corticosteroid and androgen synthesis
Term
Aminoglutethemide
Definition
blocks cholpregenolone + inhibits aromatase  Tx cushings or breast cancer
Term
Ketoconazole
Definition
blocks CYP17 @ low dose (no androgens) + CYP11 @ high dose (no glucocorticoids)  Tx hypercortisolism (high dose) and BPH (low)
Term
Ethinyl Estradiol
Definition
(synthetic estrogen) Tx female hypogonadism, menopause, and contraception
Term
DES
Definition
(synthetic estrogen) Tx female hypogonadism, menopause, and contraception
Term
Synth Estrogen AE
Definition
gall stones, pulm emboli, cancer
Term
Clomiphine
Definition
(SERM) antagonist @ hypothal/pituitary ↑FSH/LH  induce ovulation
Term
Tamoxifen
Definition
(SERM) agonist @ bone, blood, and endometrium + antagonist @ breast  Tx breast cancer
Term
Tamoxifen
Definition
(SERM) agonist @ bone, blood, and endometrium + antagonist @ breast  Tx breast cancer
Term
Raloxifene
Definition
(SERM) agonist @ bone, blood + antagonist @ breast/endometrium  Tx osteoporosis
Term
Anastrazole
Definition
CYP19 aromatase inib ↓estrogens  Tx postmenopausal breast cancer + ovulatory induction
Term
Letrozole
Definition
CYP19 aromatase inib ↓estrogens  Tx postmenopausal breast cancer + ovulatory induction
Term
Examestane
Definition
CYP19 aromatase inib ↓estrogens  Tx postmenopausal breast cancer + ovulatory induction
Term
Norethrindone
Definition
(synthetic progestin) Tx HRT, contraception, ↓endometrial cancer, ↑AIDS
Term
Levonorgestrel
Definition
(synthetic progestin) Tx HRT, contraception, ↓endometrial cancer, ↑AIDS
Term
Norgestimate
Definition
(synthetic progestin) Tx HRT, contraception, ↓endometrial cancer, ↑AIDS
Term
Drospirenone
Definition
(synthetic progestin) Tx HRT, contraception, ↓endometrial cancer, ↑AIDS
Term
Undecoanate
Definition
(androgen prep) Tx hypogonadism and endometriosis
Term
Danazol
Definition
(weak androgen synth) anti-estrogenic  Tx endometriosis + Px hereditary angioedema
Term
Flutamide
Definition
(androgen-R antag) prevent androgenic AE of high dose GnRH-agonist Tx of prostate cancer
Term
Bicalutamide
Definition
(androgen-R antag) prevent androgenic AE of high dose GnRH-agonist Tx of prostate cancer
Term
Finasteride
Definition
(5a-reductase inib) ↓DHT  Tx BPH and male pattern baldness
Term
Dutasteride
Definition
(5a-reductase inib) ↓DHT  Tx BPH and male pattern baldness
Term
Lispro
Definition
rapid insulin
Term
Aspart
Definition
rapid insulin
Term
Glulisine
Definition
rapid insulin
Term
Glargine
Definition
long smooth insulin
Term
Detemir
Definition
long smooth insulin
Term
Parmlintide
Definition
injectable Amylin that slows gastric emptying and inhibits glucagon secretion
Term
Exenetide
Definition
injectable protease resistant Incretin (GLP1/GIP) that ↓glucagon release + ↑glu-dep insulin release
Term
Tolbutamide
Definition
(G1SU) insulin secretagogue via locking K-Ch closed + enhanced sensitivity/↓GGL Tx non-ketotic T2DM that is unmanageable with diet alone
Term
Acetohexamide
Definition
(G1SU) insulin secretagogue via locking K-Ch closed + enhanced sensitivity/↓GGL Tx non-ketotic T2DM that is unmanageable with diet alone
Term
Tolazamide
Definition
(G1SU) insulin secretagogue via locking K-Ch closed + enhanced sensitivity/↓GGL Tx non-ketotic T2DM that is unmanageable with diet alone
Term
Glyburide
Definition
(G2SU) insulin secretagogue via locking K-Ch closed + enhanced sensitivity/↓GGL  Tx non-ketotic T2DM that is unmanageable with diet alone
Term
Slipezide
Definition
(G2SU) insulin secretagogue via locking K-Ch closed + enhanced sensitivity/↓GGL  Tx non-ketotic T2DM that is unmanageable with diet alone
Term
Glipizide
Definition
(G2SU) insulin secretagogue via locking K-Ch closed + enhanced sensitivity/↓GGL  Tx non-ketotic T2DM that is unmanageable with diet alone
Term
Gliclazide
Definition
(G2SU) insulin secretagogue via locking K-Ch closed + enhanced sensitivity/↓GGL  Tx non-ketotic T2DM that is unmanageable with diet alone
Term
SU AE
Definition
hypoglycemia potentiated by Sulfonamids, B-blockers, EtOH, MAO inib
Term
Rapaglinide
Definition
(Meglitinide) faster/shorter insulin seretagogue  Tx non-ketotic T2DM that is unmanageable with diet alone (can also cause hypoglycemia)
Term
Sitagliptin
Definition
(DDP4-inib) ↑incretins ↑insulin/↓glucagon mono-Tx + exercise for non-ketotic T2DM that is unmanageable with diet alone
Term
Saaxagliptin
Definition
(DDP4-inib) ↑incretins ↑insulin/↓glucagon mono-Tx + exercise for non-ketotic T2DM that is unmanageable with diet alone
Term
Metformin
Definition
(Biguanide) oral insulin sensitizer + decrease CV RFs  Tx T2DM in obese/elderly
Term
Metformin AE
Definition
fatal lacticacidosis in EtOHism/renal insufficiency
Term
Glucovance
Definition
(Glyburide + Metformin) combo Tx; can cause drop in HbA1x
Term
Rosglitazone
Definition
(Thiazolidenione) oral insulin sensitizer  ↑Glu/carb metabolism Tx severely insulin-resistant T2DM
Term
Pioglitazone
Definition
(Thiazolidenione) oral insulin sensitizer  ↑Glu/carb metabolism Tx severely insulin-resistant T2DM
Term
Thiazolidenione AE
Definition
severe hepatotoxicity and CV risk
Term
Acarbose
Definition
a-glucosidase inhibitor taken before meals as adjunct to sulfonylurea/insulin to delay (low dose) or inhibit (high dose) digestion of ingested carbs
Term
Diazoxide
Definition
oral hyperglycemic benzothiadiazene anti-HT derivative with antidiuretic activity prevent K Ch closure in B cells  potent hyperglycemia due to inhibition of insulin secretion
Term
Alendronate
Definition
(bisphosphonate) bind surface (↓recruitment) + enter OC ↓farnesyl diphosphate synthase (↓activity) + ↑tox ATP analogue metabolite (apoptosis)↑mineralization/BMD1st line Tx/
Term
Alendronate toxicity
Definition
osteonecrosis + acid reflux
Term
Vit D
Definition
cheap partial Tx Osteoporosis, Osteomalacia/Ricketts, Renal Failure, Malabs, and psoriasis
Term
Calcimar
Definition
(Calcitonin) ↓OC + ↑renal excretion of Ca/PO4/Na/Mg/K via inib reabsorption  ↑BMD (esp spine) + rapid fall in Ca  Tx Hypercalcemia, Osteoporosis for bisphosphonate inteolerant
Term
Denosumab
Definition
fully human antagonistic mAb @ RANKL  ↓resorption  ↓fractures  Tx PM osteoporosis ~ efficacy as bisphosphonates
Term
Denosumab AE
Definition
Jaw osteonecrosis + hypocalcemia/magnesia/phosphatemia
Term
Estrogen HRT
Definition
last ditch (bad AE) but very effective PM Px osteoporosis + Tx menopause vasomotor/vulvovaginal atrophy
Term
Preotact
Definition
(PTH) ↑OC/OC, GI Ca absorption/reabsorption  EXPENSIVE Tx of SEVERE PM/hypogonadal osteoporosis who can’t tolerate/are refractory (>3mo) to Bisphosphonates
Term
Teripartide
Definition
(PTH) ↑OC/OC, GI Ca absorption/reabsorption  EXPENSIVE Tx of SEVERE PM/hypogonadal osteoporosis who can’t tolerate/are refractory (>3mo) to Bisphosphonates
Term
Folate + B12
Definition
non-hormonal Px/Tx osteoporosis via ↓fracture risk in elderly after stroke (elevated homocysteiene)
Term
Thiazide diuretics
Definition
modest non-hormonal Tx osteoporosis in PM women with HT
Term
Tibolone
Definition
synthetic steroid with estrogenic (AE: breast/endometrial cancer) /androgenic/progestagenic properties  ↑BMD
Term
Diphenhydramine
Definition
(Ethanolamine 1st gen H1R Antagonist) Sedative and antimuscarinic activity --> Tx Parkinsons, Motion sickness, and Prego NV
Term
Pyrilamine
Definition
(Ethylenediamines 1st gen H1R Antagonist) Sedative and antimuscarinic activity --> Tx Parkinsons, Motion sickness, and Prego NV
Term
Chlorampheniramine
Definition
(Alkylamines 1st gen H1R Antagonist) Sedative and antimuscarinic activity --> Tx Parkinsons, Motion sickness, and Prego NV
Term
Promethazine
Definition
(Phenothiazines 1st gen H1R Antagonist) Sedative and antimuscarinic activity --> Tx Parkinsons, Motion sickness, and Prego NV
Term
Centrizine
Definition
(Piperazine 2nd gen H1R Antagonist)
Term
Astemizole
Definition
(Piperadine 2nd gen H1R Antagonist)
Term
Terfenadine
Definition
(Piperadine 2nd gen H1R Antagonist)
Term
Cyproheptadine
Definition
(Piperadine 2nd gen H1R Antagonist)
Term
Loratadine
Definition
(Piperadine 2nd gen H1R Antagonist)
Term
Fexofenadine
Definition
(Piperadine 2nd gen H1R Antagonist) metabolite of terfenadine/astemizole, but does not carry cardiotoxicity
Term
H1R Antagonist AE
Definition
Anti-M, teratogenesis, and Torsades de Pointes
Term
Cimetidine
Definition
(H2R Antagonist) Tx peptic ulcers, GERD, ZE
Term
Ranitidine
Definition
(H2R Antagonist) Tx peptic ulcers, GERD, ZE
Term
Famotidine
Definition
(H2R Antagonist) Tx peptic ulcers, GERD, ZE
Term
Nizantidine
Definition
(H2R Antagonist) Tx peptic ulcers, GERD, ZE
Term
H2R Antagonist AE
Definition
diarrhea, dizziness, and anti-androgen binding effects
Term
Cimetedine Unique AE
Definition
CNS somnolence/delirium in elderly + ↓P450/hepatic Q toxicity for Warfarn, B-blockers, Ca-Ch blockers, Lidocaine, and Phenytoin
Term
P-chloramphetamine
Definition
↑5-HT release from platelets/CNS
Term
Fenfluramine
Definition
banned cardiotoxic appetite suppressants due to increased 5-HT release
Term
MDMA (Ecstacy)
Definition
banned cardiotoxic appetite suppressants due to increased 5-HT release
Term
Fluoroxetine/Prozac
Definition
(SSRI) ↓5-HT reuptake as Tx for endogenous depression/OCD
Term
Sumatriptan
Definition
1B/D/E agonist  intracranial vc (AE: coronary vc chest pain) to prevent dural extravasation  Tx migraine
Term
Ondasterone
Definition
Tx nausea/motion sickness by inhibiting 5-HTR3 (only ionotropic)
Term
Alprostadil
Definition
PGE1 analog  vd, ↓Agg, uterine contraction, and intestinal contraction (AE: bradycardia, HyT, fever)
Term
Misoprostol
Definition
PGE1 analog  inhibits gastric ulcers (causes gastric pain)
Term
Dinoprostone
Definition
PGE2 analog  induces uterine contraction to facilitate labor (AE: NVD, fever, and bronchoconstriction)
Term
Latanaprost
Definition
PGF2a  ↓IOP in glaucoma
Term
Epoprostanol
Definition
PGI2  ↓BP in pulm HT (AE: nausea, headache, HyT)
Term
NSAIDs
Definition
reversibly (indomethacin, Ibuprofen, Naproxen) ↓COX1/2 (aspirin/acetylsalicylic acid = irreversible + low dose thrombosis/MI Px)  anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesis, and anti-agg (potentiates anticoag)
Term
Acetaminophen (tylenol)
Definition
blocks COX3 and COX1/2 weakly antipyretic/analgesic @ CNS but NOT anti-inflammatory or anti-agg
Term
Rofecoxib
Definition
selectively blocks COX2 to inhibit local inflammatory response but not against GI/urinary protective (reduced GI and urinary irritation/ulceration) antipyretic, analgesic BUT NO ↓agg Tx arthritis
Term
Valdecoxib
Definition
selectively blocks COX2 to inhibit local inflammatory response but not against GI/urinary protective (reduced GI and urinary irritation/ulceration) antipyretic, analgesic BUT NO ↓agg Tx arthritis
Term
Celecoxib
Definition
selectively blocks COX2 to inhibit local inflammatory response but not against GI/urinary protective (reduced GI and urinary irritation/ulceration) antipyretic, analgesic BUT NO ↓agg Tx arthritis
Term
...coxib AE
Definition
increased risk of MI (esp Rofecoxib… why? Can’t be because Naproxen is THAT protective)
Term
Zileuton
Definition
blocks lipoxygenase (esp Bronchoconstrictive LTs)  Tx ulcerative colitis, asthma, and allergic rhinitis
Term
Zafirlucast
Definition
LT-R antagonists  Asthma Tx
Term
Montelucast
Definition
LT-R antagonists  Asthma Tx
Term
NOnselective COX inib @ heart
Definition
prevents TXA2 synthesis and some PGI2 synthesis  high PGI2/TXA2 ration  less clotting  beneficial!
Term
Selective COX2 inib @ heart
Definition
prevents PGI2 synth, thus causing massive shift to TXA2 synth via COX1  low PGI2/TXA2 ratio  MORE clotting  harmful
Term
Ginkgolide B
Definition
PAF antagonist that interferes with ovulation/implantation
Term
PAF
Definition
FF derivative of ARA-release via lyso-PAF acetyltransferase  metabotropic stim of PLA2/C/D  vd, vperm (1000x histamine), hyperalgesia, bronchospasm platelet/PMN agg, LT release/SO killing, GI contraction/ulcers (most ulcerogenic known), ovulation/implantation
Term
Propylthiouracil
Definition
(Thioamide) inhibits TPO organification/coupling of iodine to Tyrosines + peripheral deiodinase D1 conversion of T4 to T3  choice Tx for prego/thyrotoxic crisis
Term
PTU AE
Definition
COMMON pruritic mp rash, rare Agranulotycosis
Term
Methimazole (MMI)
Definition
(Thioamide) (10x more potent than Propylthiouracil – used to ↓degree prior to subtotal thyroidectomy/rad-Iodine Tx) inhibits TPO organification/coupling of iodine to Tyrosines but INEFFECTIVE @ blocking deiodinase D1
Term
Methimazole AE
Definition
COMMON pruritic mp rash, long term thyroid hyperplasia, and rare reversible agranulocytosis
Term
Iodides (KI/NaI)
Definition
(prep for thyroid surgery + rapid short-term improvement of Thyroid storm)↓synth and release of T3/4 + ↓size/vascularity of thyroid
Term
Iodides AE
Definition
RAAARE hypothyroidism  T-HRT  acneiform rash, swollen salivar glands/mucosal ulcerations, and fetal goiters
Term
I-131
Definition
(single oral dose used when thyroidectomy is contraindicated, multinodular hyperthyroidism, or toxic adenomas in Pts who have become Euthyroid or are on Blockers) uptake + destruction @ thyroid via short-penetrating B-rays with 5-day half-life (little collateral damage) OR uptake Dx test to evaluate fxn
Term
B-adr blockers (propranolol) in thyrotoxic crisis
Definition
(widely used) control CV s/s ~ tachycardia, HT, and a-fib
Term
Propranolol AE
Definition
asthma, AV blockade, HyT, bradycardia
Term
Thyrotoxic Crisis
Definition
excessive TH or discontinuing Anti-thyroid meds hyperglycemia (high output/low use) + Insulinopenia (high pancreatic proinsulin output + renal clearance)  Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Term
Thyrotoxic Crisis
Definition
Propylthiouracil (long term) + Propranolol (minimize cardio) + Na/KI (short term)
Term
Isoniazid
Definition
(cidal) cleaved by KatG catalase  ↓InhA mycolic acid synth
Term
Isoniazid Toxicity
Definition
Sideroblastic Anemia and urine color change
Term
Rifampin
Definition
(cidal) ↓DNA-dep RNA pol
Term
Rifampin MOR
Definition
change in target
Term
Rifampin Toxicity
Definition
red body fluids and decreased activity of other drugs
Term
Erthambutol
Definition
(static/cidal) ↓arabinosyl transferase ↓arabinogalactan polysaccharide layer that attaches mycolic acid shell to PM
Term
Erthambutol Toxicity
Definition
retrobulbar neuritis with central scotomas and hyperuricemia
Term
Pyrazinamide
Definition
(cidal) sterilizing agent converted to active pyrazinoic acid in Mφ lysosomes ↓FA synthase 1
Term
Pyrazinamide Toxicity
Definition
hyperuricemia/gouty arthritis (CI by gout) and hepatotoxicity
Term
Pyrazinamide MOR
Definition
Pyrazinamidase mutation
Term
Streptomycin for TB
Definition
(supplementary for TB Tx) binds S12 cidally for use when injectable drug needed for resisitant strains
Term
Dapsone
Definition
cidal @ M. leprae
Term
Dapsone Toxicity
Definition
hemolytic anemia, dapsone syndrome (fever, LAN, exfoliative dermatitis, hep, and mp rash  pot fatal), and agranulocytosis
Term
Rifampin @ Leprosy
Definition
only highly bactericidal against M. leprae
Term
Clofazimine
Definition
binds DNA guanine bases to block DNA template + ↑PLA2 causing accum of toxic phospholipids
Term
Clofazimine Toxicity
Definition
Hyperpigmentation
Term
Chloroquine
Definition
Drug of choice for both treatment and chemoprophylaxis of malaria but compromised against Falciparum due to resisitance
Term
Chloroquine MOA
Definition
accumulates in food vacuoles  DNA incorporation  inhibits proliferation + ↑pH ↓protease cleavage of heme to hemozone  parasite toxicity
Term
Quinine/Quinidine
Definition
solely blood shizonticide to IV in sever infxn and chloroquine=resistant falciparum (esp cerebral) + Babesiosis
Term
Quinine Toxicity
Definition
Cinchonism (GI, vertigo, tinnitus, blurred vision, cardiac conduction, and G6PD hemolysis)
Term
Mefloquine
Definition
first line drug for areas with chloroquine resistance from P falciparum
Term
Mefloquine toxicity
Definition
psychiatric/neuro/seizures
Term
Primaquine
Definition
combined for radical cure of vivax/ovale dormant liver forms/gametocytes via oxidant metabolites (should be used with quinine)
Term
Artemisinins
Definition
R* killers against resistant falciparum
Term
Dihydropteroate Synthetase inib in Malaria
Definition
Dapsone and Sulfadiazine
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