Term
| Drug A will relieve moderate pain when administer at a dose of 10 mg, and Drug B will relieve pain o the same intensity when given at a dose of 1 mg. What is their difference? (potency vs. efficacy) |
|
Definition
| Drug B is more potent than Drug A |
|
|
Term
| The therapeutic index of a drug is best described as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common route of drug administration for a drug that is inactivated by stomach enzymes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of techniques used in drug advertising? |
|
Definition
- Instilling fear in consumers
- Using celebrities to sell product
- Portraying drug as an easy fix for a problem
- Comparison before and after taking drug |
|
|
Term
| What is the concept of a placebo? |
|
Definition
| A tablet that doesn't contain an active drug, but looks like the tablet being tested |
|
|
Term
| What is selective toxicity? |
|
Definition
| The injury of one kind of living matter without harming some other kind |
|
|
Term
| What is an anti-metabolite? |
|
Definition
| A chemical that antagonizes the action of a substance that is required for the metabolism of a living cell or organism. |
|
|
Term
| What is a parenteral route? |
|
Definition
| A route such that the gastrointestinal tract is bypassed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common route of drug administration? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the double-blind method: |
|
Definition
| The physician who assesses the patient and the patient do not know whether the patient is taking drug or placebo |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A junction between an axon (nerve) terminal and a cell body or dendrite. |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the hypothalamus? |
|
Definition
| The hormones from the hypothalamus regulate physiological functions, such as body temperature, thirst, hunger, sleep, mood, sex drive, and the release of other hormones within the body. |
|
|
Term
| What is the neurotransmitter that mediates the activity of the parasympathetic division of the nervous system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of propranolol? |
|
Definition
| To block sympathetic activity in the heart |
|
|
Term
| Which drug classes are associated with psychological dependence? |
|
Definition
- Stimulants
- Sedative-hypnotics
- Opioids
- Hallucinogens (LSD like drugs) |
|
|
Term
| Name a withdrawal syndrome that is inactive of physical dependence. |
|
Definition
| An unmasking of compensatory responses in the central nervous system |
|
|
Term
| What drug is this: An amphetamine-like agent with hallucinogenic potential |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the mechanism by which cocaine exerts its stimulant actions? |
|
Definition
| Inhibition of dopamine re-uptake |
|
|
Term
| What is the mechanism by which caffeine exerts its stimulant action? |
|
Definition
| Activation of adenosine receptors |
|
|
Term
| True/False: 100% of nicotine in a cigarette is absorbed after "normal" smoking and inhalation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: Nicotine has no effects on heart rate and blood pressure. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: Nicotine has no usefulness as an aid to help cessation of smoking cigarettes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: Physical and psychological dependence occur to nicotine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: Cigarette smoking is associated with an increased risk of lung cancer, but not cancer of any other body organs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: Both benzodiazepines and barbiturates have a wide safety margin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: Benzodiazepines have a greater potential for drug tolerance and dependence in comparison to barbiturates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: Benzodiazepines produce less interference with sleep patters inc comparison to barbiturates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: Benzodiazepines and barbiturates do not enhance the depressant effects of alcohol on the brain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: Benzodiazepines and barbiturates both produce effects by acting on benzodiazepine receptors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What class does the drug implicated in date rape, Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), belong to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some effects associated with acute ethanol-induces CNS depression? |
|
Definition
- sleep
- anesthesia
- relief of anxiety
- abnormal behaviour |
|
|
Term
| What class of drug can similar pharmacological properties as enkephalins or endorphins (naturally occurring substances in the brain)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A person who has experienced severe respiratory depression due to overdose of a psychoactive drug was successfully treated with naloxone. What drug is likely to have caused the respiratory depression in this person? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the symptoms of depression, according to theories? |
|
Definition
| A deficiency of serotonin or norepinephrine in the brain |
|
|
Term
| What is the classification of chlorpromazine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the classification of fluoxetine (Prozac*)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the classification of lithium? |
|
Definition
| anti-manic depression agent |
|
|
Term
| What is the classification of Diazepam (Valium*)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| According to theories of metal illness, what are the symptoms of schizophrenia due to? |
|
Definition
| Dopamine receptor hyperactivity |
|
|
Term
| How does lithium produce its therapeutic effect? |
|
Definition
| By stabilizing norepinephrine (NE) activity by normalizing NE release, uptake and action on NE receptors |
|
|
Term
| Does cocaine produce drug tolerance following chronic use? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Do opiates produce drug tolerance following chronic use? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Do barbiturates produce drug tolerance following chronic use? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Do amphetamines produce drug tolerance following chronic use? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The drugs classified as tricyclic depressants act primarily by inhibiting re-uptake of: |
|
Definition
| Norepinephrine and serotonin |
|
|
Term
| True/False: the active ingredients in cannabis bind to the alpha-andergic receptor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: the medical use of cannabis (smoked) has been approved by Heath Canada |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: The active ingredient in cannabis is slowly metabolized such that a user may test positive days after smoking cannabis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: Cannabis use doesn't impair motor coordination |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: Cannabis, unlike alcohol, doesn't impair cognitive function |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What receptor does the active ingredient in cannabis bind to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: Tolerance develops to psychoactive properties of cannabis with long-term, high-dose use |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: The euphoria elicited by cannabis is less intense than that produced by cocaine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: The effects of cannabis can on occasion manifest as pseudo-hallucinations |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: The cardiovascular effects of cannabis are serious and often irreversible |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: Cannabis has been reported to reduce the sex drive in males |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: Cannabis is widely used as a sedative and hypnotic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: Marijuana is considered a narcotic under legislation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: Hashish oil is obtained from the stems of the cannabis plant |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: Caffeine concentrations in the urine of an athlete are allowed providing the concentration doesn't exceed that expected to result from the intake of two - three cups of coffee |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: Blood doping is the process of collecting the athletes blood and infusing the stored blood a few days before competition |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: Diuretics are used by athletes to remove body water and hence reduce weight |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: Growth hormone is not used by athletes as it can be easily detected in urine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: Erythropoietin is a protein that stimulates red blood cell formation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: Athletes who compete in precision sports use propranolol to regulate the heart beat |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: The benzodiazepines (diazepam) are used by "ski jumpers" to relieve anxiety before the "jump" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: Weight lifters often use diuretics in order to reduce the body weight and hence they can compete in a lighter weight class |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: The process of stacking (using several drugs) is employed in an attempt to circumvent detection of drug use by athletes and is usually successful |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: The amphetamines will increase speed and endurance during an athletic performance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 4 anabolic functions of male sex steroids (ex: testosterone)? |
|
Definition
- Increased skeletal muscle mass
- Decreased body fat %
- Increased total body nitration retention
- Increased retention of several electrolytes (salts) |
|
|
Term
| True/False: Ingestion of amphetamines prior to a sports event will increase speed and endurance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: Low to moderate doses of amphetamine in a "well trained" athlete will increase performance by a minimum of 25% |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: Use of amphetamines by an athlete may decrease blood pressure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: Low doses of amphetamine will increase athletic performance without producing any central nervous system excitation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: A portion of the increase in athletic performance in response to amphetamine is a result of the appetite stimulation of the drug |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: Clomiphene is classified as an anti-estrogen and is used to induce ovulation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: A problem associated with clomiphene is an increased incidence of multiple births |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: Estrogens given to treat symptoms associated with the menopausal syndrome will reduce the incidence and severity of osteoporosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: The combined estrogen-progestin oral contraceptives have been definitely associated with an increased incidence of mammary carcinoma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: Estrogens can increase the synthesis of co-factors required for coagulation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most effective method of contraception? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: Use of a diaphragm in combination with spermicidal jelly is more effective as a contraceptive than the estrogen-progestin oral contraceptives |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: Tubal ligation and vasectomy should be considered as permanent forms of contraception |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: There are no male oral contraceptives available in Canada |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: Mifepristone (RU-486) is an anti progesterone and is taken after a "missed period" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: A complication of the intrauterine device is heavy menstrual bleeding |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is Mifepristone (RU-486) best classified as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: Gossypol is derived from cotton seed oil |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: Gossypol produces a contraceptive effect that is not reversible after discontinuation of the drug |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: Gossypol decreases sperm count when taken orally |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: Gossypol can cause skeletal muscle weakness |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: Gossypol is widely used in China |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: What is Norplant (L-norgestrel) best classified as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: The second-generation (newer) antihistamines produce less sedation than the old antihistamines |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: Poison ivy dermatitis is one of the most common of all allergic skin disorders |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: Barrier creams offer good protection against poison ivy dermatitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: There are no well-substantiated differences in the clinical effectiveness among standard aspirin tablets |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do OTC sleeping aids usually contain? |
|
Definition
| Pyrilamine (an antihistamine) and acetaminophen (Tylenol) |
|
|
Term
Which of the following is not a side effect associated with long-term use of laxatives?
A) Disturbances in the physiological acid/base balance
B) Pulmonary edema
C) Obstructive jaundice
D) A gastro intestinal tract dependent on laxatives
E) Dehydration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most rational drug treatment for Travellers' diarrhea? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: Based of its effectiveness, glyceryl guaiacolate (expectorant) is not appropriate to stock in a home cabinet |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: In large overdoses, acetaminophen can cause liver damage |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: Acetylsalicylic acid may cause gastric (stomach) irritation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: Feverfew is recommended by herbalists for the treatment of migraine headaches |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: Preparations of Feverfew, a natural product, are remarkably consistent in the amount of active ingredients delivered in a dose |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: Chronic use of Comfrey may lead to liver damage |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: Devil's Claw is recommended by herbalists for the treatment of inflammatory diseases (arthritis) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: The use of herbal drugs should be based on well designed clinical trials |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following herbal preparations is considered by herbalists to be an "adaptogen"?
A) Comfrey
B) Kava
C) Ginseng
D) Valerian
E) St. John's Wort |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following medicines is sold as a mild sedative and hypnotic?
A) Diazepam
B) Hawthorn
C) Opium
D) Liquorice
E) Valerian |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: Devil's Claw has been shown to be effective in the treatment of inflammatory diseases |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: Herbal products do not product drug interactions when taken together with prescription drugs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: Feverfew is often used as a sedative and hypnotic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: Valerian is effective in aborting a migraine headache |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: Echinacea is recommended by herbalists for the treatment of the common cold |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: Adding sodium nitrite to prepared meat imparts a pleasing read colour |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: The addition of silicates keeps flour free-flowing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: The addition of antibiotics as a food preservative is a rational and effective manner to preserve food |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: sequestrates such as EDTA are added to food to bind metals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: Butylated hydroxytolune is added to food to prevent the oxidation of fat |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is sodium nitrite added to food? |
|
Definition
| to prevent the growth of clostridium botulinum |
|
|
Term
| What is the RRDA (recommended daily dietary allowance) of a vitamin best described as? |
|
Definition
| The daily amount of a vitamin required to keep the bulk of the population healthy |
|
|
Term
| Is Vitamin C water-soluble or fat-soluble? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is Vitamin A water-soluble or fat-soluble? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) water-soluble or fat-soluble? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is Vitamin D water-soluble or fat-soluble? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is Vitamin B12 water-soluble or fat-soluble? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What will happen if you have excess vitamin D |
|
Definition
| This will have adverse effects on bone |
|
|
Term
| Xerophthalmia (dry eye) can lead to visual impairment and blindness. This is associated with which vitamin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The incidence and mortality rates for lung cancer in men peaked and started to decline in the mid-1980's, whereas in women, the incidence and mortality rates for lung cancer continue to rise because: |
|
Definition
| Among men, tobacco use began to drop in the mid-1960's and among women, smoking rates began to decline only in the min 1980's |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- A potent carcinogen
- May be partly responsible for the higher incidence of liver cancer in China and central Africa
- An example of a naturally occurring carcinogen
- Formed by the fungus, Aspergillus flavus |
|
|
Term
| What is the reason for differences in the types and numbers of cancers affecting the developing world and the developed world? |
|
Definition
- Differences in detection methods
- Differences in reporting of cancers
- Differences in regulation of hazardous chemicals in the work place
- Relocation of hazardous industries from the developed world to the developing world |
|
|
Term
| True/False: The percentage of smokes in Canada, aged 15 years and over, has dropped from about 50% to about 21% in 2002 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: The estimated per capita consumption of fruits and veggies in Canada has risen steadily between 1963 & 2001 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: The percentage of Canadians, age 12 years and over, who are physically inactive has decreased between 1994 and 2001. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: The prevalence of unhealthy weights amongst Canadians is decreasing, particularly among children |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: The percentage of Canadian non-smokers, aged 12 years and over, exposed to second-hand-smoke is higher amounts the 12 to 19-year-old age group. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: Mortality rates for breast cancer has declined steadily since 1986 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: Mortality rates for lung cancer in men levelled off in the min 1980's and are now declining |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: Percivial Pott was a chimney sweep who died from cancer of the scrotum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: Prevalence of a disease reflects the number of people with the disease existing in the population over a certain time period |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: Because people are living longer, they are living to an age where they are more at risk to develop cancer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Ames test, which is a definitive diagnostic screening test, is used to determine what? |
|
Definition
| It is used to determine whether a substance is a carcinogen or not. |
|
|
Term
| Why is it difficult to determine a cause and effect relationship for cancer causing agents in humans? |
|
Definition
| This is because humans are exposed to many chemicals and substances during their lifetime |
|
|
Term
| True/False: Anticancer drugs can be potentially carcinogenic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: The initiation step in carcinogens is an irreversible process |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: The promotion step is the process of promoting the transformed cell (the cancer cell) to grow into a tumour tissue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: Therapy with a combination of anticancer drugs is considered inadvisable and is not useful. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: 5-HT3 (serotonin) receptor antagonists are very effective drugs for the relief of nausea and vomiting in cancer patients |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: Cyclotomic drugs derived from plants tend to affect the microtubule formation of the cell and prevent cell division |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: There are approximately 40 different chemicals in cigarette smoke |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: Tobacco smoke contains both pro carcinogens and agents that promote tumour growth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Side effects caused by organic nitrates include all of the following except:
A) Headache
B) Flushing
C) Hypotension
D) Dizziness
E) Bradycardia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following drugs is NOT indicated for the treatment of angina pectoris?
A) Propanolol
B) Nifedipine
C) Nitroglycerin
D) Digoxin
E) Isosorbide dinitrate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do cardia glycosides cause? |
|
Definition
| They are highly effective in congestive heart failure and artrial fibrillation |
|
|
Term
| What lipoprotein is "the good lipoprotein"? |
|
Definition
| High density lipoprotein (HDL) |
|
|
Term
| What is the mechanism of therapeutic action of simvastatin? |
|
Definition
| Inhibition of HNG CoA reductase enzyme activity |
|
|
Term
| True/False: Paraquat has been used to destroy marihuana fields |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: Ingestion of paraquat can lead to burns in the mouth and stomach |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: Paraquat's principal target organ for toxicity, regardless of the route of exposure, is the liver |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: Improper storage of paraquat has led to accidental poisonings |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: Ingestion of paint chips is a potential source of lead exposure in humans |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: Exposure to lead can cause anemia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: DDT is an organochlorine insecticide |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: Many insects are not resistant to DDT |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: Acute toxicity is usually associated with a single exposure to a toxicant |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: Chronic toxicity is usually associated with repeated exposure to a relatively small dose of toxicant |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: Acute toxic effects are usually more obvious than chronic are |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the mechanism of penicillin? |
|
Definition
| Inhibition of the synthesis of cell wall in bacteria |
|
|
Term
| True/False: Opium was used as a drug as early as 380 B.C. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where did Ephedrine come from? |
|
Definition
|
|
