Term
| Concentration Dependent Killing |
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Definition
| Exhibits the Post Antibiotic Effect: growth is suppressed even when the [drug] drops below the MIC Only for cidal drugs Simplified dosing regimens. Fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides. |
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Term
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Definition
| Much more common Plasma concentrations must be maintained above the MBC at all times. Only for cidal drugs. B-lactams, vancomycin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, rifampin |
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Term
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Definition
| arises spontaneously because of mutation prior to drug exposure; drug exposure only provides selective pressure |
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Term
| Example of a drug target that is unique to pathologic cells and not present in host cells |
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Definition
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Term
| example of drug target that is similar but not identical in pathologic cells and host cells |
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Definition
| RNA polymerase or ribosomes in bacteria |
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Term
| example of a drug target that is shared by pathologic and host cells but differs in importance |
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Definition
| cell cycle components in cancer |
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Term
| when is it important to use bactericidal drugs? |
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Definition
| AIDS, chemo, inherited immunodeficiency |
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Term
| why are aminopenicillins able to kill gram- bacteria but penicillins do not? |
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Definition
| penicillins bind PBP which is exposed in gram+ bacteria but inaccessible in gram-; by adding an amino group, the drug is made more polar and therefore can travers porins to affect gram- PBP (amoxicillin, ampicillin) |
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Term
| name 3 examples of drug resistance due to chromosomal mutation: |
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Definition
| MRSA, PRSP, drug-resistant M. tuberculosis |
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Term
| Situations in which empirical antibiotic therapy is used: |
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Definition
-severe infection
-public health issue (STD) |
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Term
| prophylactic use of antimicrobial drugs is most likely to be effective if it is used to: |
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Definition
| prevent infection by a single organism; (prophylactic therapy should be limited in duration, employ therapeutic drug levels, be used only where efficacy has been documented) |
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