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PHAR100 Section B
B6
34
Pharmacology
Undergraduate 1
04/17/2012

Additional Pharmacology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Organic psychoses
Definition
Understood and definable
Confusion, disorientation, memory disturbances and behavioural disorganization
Term
Functional (unknown cause) psychoses
Definition
Retention of orientation and memory in presence severely disordered thought or reasoning, emotion and behaviour
Term
Affective Mood Disorders
Definition
Change in emotion or mood
Mania:elation, hyperactivity, and uncontrollable thought and speech
Depression: intense sadness and self-disapproval, and physical and mental slowing
Term
Neuroses
Definition
Retain ability to comprehend reality
Mood changes, limited abnormalities of thought (obsession or irrational fears) or behaviour (rituals or compulsions)
Term
Positive Symptoms
Definition
Delusions, hallucinations, bizarre behaviour, lock of logic, incoherence
Term
Negative Symptoms
Definition
Apathy, social withdrawal, loss of motivation
Term
Dopamine Hypothesis - Theory of Schizophrenia
Definition
Excessive dopaminergic activity
- increase dopaminergic activity aggrevates schizophrenia
- dopamine receptor density increased in schizophrenics
Term
Antagonism of dopamine receptors in nigrostriatal system
Definition
Parkinson's and dystonia
Tardive dyskinesia
Term
Tardive dyskinesia
Definition
Involuntary movements of face, tongue, trunk and limbs
Term
Endocrine effects of dopamine
Definition
In hypothalamus exerts tonic inhibitory effect on prolactin from pituitary gland

Antagonizing dopamine receptors, excess prolactin
Term
Receptors blocked by Phenothiazine Antipsychotics
Definition
Cholinergic, serotonin, histamine, alpha-adrenoceptors
Term
Haloperidol
Definition
Blocks dopamine receptors, sedative
Term
Second Generation Antipsycotics (atypical)
Definition
Relieve both positive and negative symptoms, block serotonin and dopamine
Term
Phenothiazine antipsychotic
Definition
Antagonists at dopamine receptors, relieve positive symptoms
Term
Cloazpine
Definition
Relieves positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia
Can cause decrease number white blood cells
Term
Clozapine, risperidone, olanzapine
Definition
Atypical antipsychotics
Term
Lithium Carbonate
Definition
Mood stabilizing agent, treat mania

Mechanism of action unknown: effects on electrolytes/ion transport, neurotransmitters, second messengers that mediate transmitter action
Term
Adverse Effects of Lithium
Definition
Nausea, fatigue, tremour, thirst, excessive urination, edema, weight gain, confusion, loss of muscle coordination, mild hypothyroidism, skin reactions
Term
Alternatives to Lithium
Definition
Valproic acid
Carbamazepine
Clonzepam
Term
Reactive(secondary) depression
Definition
Response to real stimuli
Term
Major depression (endogenous)
Definition
Disturbances of sleep, hunger, appetite, loss of pleasure and interest, decrease sexual drive, mental slowing, loss of concentration
Term
Depression association with manic-depressive disorder
Definition
Manage with anti-depressants
Term
Amine Hypothesis for Depression
Definition
Depletion amine stores, amine-dependent neurotransmission diminished

Antidepressant drugs act on storage, metabolism or re-uptake of serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine
Term
Neurotrophic Hypothesis of Depression
Definition
Associated with reduced neurotrophic (growth and interconnectivity of neurons) support
Term
Imipramine
Definition
Tricyclic antidepressant
Term
Bupropion and amoxapine
Definition
Atypical antidepressant, less adverse effects
Term
Fluoxetine
Definition
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
Less effect on ANS, less toxicity
Term
Venlafaxine
Definition
Drugs that block serotonin and norepinephrine uptake
Term
MAO-A responsible for metabolism of norepinephrine, serotonin and tyramine
Definition
Selective blockade for depression therapy
MAO inhibitors
Term
Phenelzine and tranylcypromine
Definition
Non-selective inhibitors of MAO-A and MAO-B
Term
Moclobemide
Definition
Selective MAO-A inhibitor, short-acting, reversible inhibitor of MAO-A
Term
Adverse effects of Tricyclic antidepressants
Definition
Anticholinergic effects (dry mouth, urinary retention, constipation, blurred vision)
sedation, weight gain, sexual dysfunction and hypotension
Overdose lethal, disturbances electrical rhythm of heart, hypotension, convulsions and coma
Term
Adverse effects of SSRIs
Definition
Nausea, headache, nervousness, insomnia, sexual dysfunction
Term
Adverse effects of MAO inhibitors
Definition
Interact dangerously with drugs and tyramine-containing foods
Combination with tricyclic antidepressant, SSRI or meperidine or dextromethorphan cause delirium, high fever, convulsions, coma, death
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