Term
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Definition
Understood and definable Confusion, disorientation, memory disturbances and behavioural disorganization |
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Term
Functional (unknown cause) psychoses |
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Definition
Retention of orientation and memory in presence severely disordered thought or reasoning, emotion and behaviour |
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Term
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Definition
Change in emotion or mood Mania:elation, hyperactivity, and uncontrollable thought and speech Depression: intense sadness and self-disapproval, and physical and mental slowing |
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Term
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Definition
Retain ability to comprehend reality Mood changes, limited abnormalities of thought (obsession or irrational fears) or behaviour (rituals or compulsions) |
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Term
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Definition
Delusions, hallucinations, bizarre behaviour, lock of logic, incoherence |
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Term
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Definition
Apathy, social withdrawal, loss of motivation |
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Term
Dopamine Hypothesis - Theory of Schizophrenia |
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Definition
Excessive dopaminergic activity - increase dopaminergic activity aggrevates schizophrenia - dopamine receptor density increased in schizophrenics |
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Term
Antagonism of dopamine receptors in nigrostriatal system |
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Definition
Parkinson's and dystonia Tardive dyskinesia |
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Term
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Definition
Involuntary movements of face, tongue, trunk and limbs |
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Term
Endocrine effects of dopamine |
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Definition
In hypothalamus exerts tonic inhibitory effect on prolactin from pituitary gland
Antagonizing dopamine receptors, excess prolactin |
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Term
Receptors blocked by Phenothiazine Antipsychotics |
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Definition
Cholinergic, serotonin, histamine, alpha-adrenoceptors |
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Term
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Definition
Blocks dopamine receptors, sedative |
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Term
Second Generation Antipsycotics (atypical) |
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Definition
Relieve both positive and negative symptoms, block serotonin and dopamine |
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Term
Phenothiazine antipsychotic |
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Definition
Antagonists at dopamine receptors, relieve positive symptoms |
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Term
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Definition
Relieves positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia Can cause decrease number white blood cells |
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Term
Clozapine, risperidone, olanzapine |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Mood stabilizing agent, treat mania
Mechanism of action unknown: effects on electrolytes/ion transport, neurotransmitters, second messengers that mediate transmitter action |
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Term
Adverse Effects of Lithium |
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Definition
Nausea, fatigue, tremour, thirst, excessive urination, edema, weight gain, confusion, loss of muscle coordination, mild hypothyroidism, skin reactions |
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Term
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Definition
Valproic acid Carbamazepine Clonzepam |
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Term
Reactive(secondary) depression |
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Definition
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Term
Major depression (endogenous) |
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Definition
Disturbances of sleep, hunger, appetite, loss of pleasure and interest, decrease sexual drive, mental slowing, loss of concentration |
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Term
Depression association with manic-depressive disorder |
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Definition
Manage with anti-depressants |
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Term
Amine Hypothesis for Depression |
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Definition
Depletion amine stores, amine-dependent neurotransmission diminished
Antidepressant drugs act on storage, metabolism or re-uptake of serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine |
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Term
Neurotrophic Hypothesis of Depression |
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Definition
Associated with reduced neurotrophic (growth and interconnectivity of neurons) support |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Atypical antidepressant, less adverse effects |
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Term
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Definition
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors Less effect on ANS, less toxicity |
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Term
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Definition
Drugs that block serotonin and norepinephrine uptake |
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Term
MAO-A responsible for metabolism of norepinephrine, serotonin and tyramine |
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Definition
Selective blockade for depression therapy MAO inhibitors |
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Term
Phenelzine and tranylcypromine |
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Definition
Non-selective inhibitors of MAO-A and MAO-B |
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Term
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Definition
Selective MAO-A inhibitor, short-acting, reversible inhibitor of MAO-A |
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Term
Adverse effects of Tricyclic antidepressants |
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Definition
Anticholinergic effects (dry mouth, urinary retention, constipation, blurred vision) sedation, weight gain, sexual dysfunction and hypotension Overdose lethal, disturbances electrical rhythm of heart, hypotension, convulsions and coma |
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Term
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Definition
Nausea, headache, nervousness, insomnia, sexual dysfunction |
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Term
Adverse effects of MAO inhibitors |
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Definition
Interact dangerously with drugs and tyramine-containing foods Combination with tricyclic antidepressant, SSRI or meperidine or dextromethorphan cause delirium, high fever, convulsions, coma, death |
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