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PHAR 709 EXAM1
exam1
63
Immunology
Professional
02/06/2011

Additional Immunology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
LPS, gram ____ bacteria
Definition
negative
Term
Lipoteichoic acid, gram____bacteria
Definition
positive
Term
dsRNA, organism is____
Definition
viruses
Term
CD14, ligand (pathogen)?
Definition
LPS
Term
TLR4, ligand (pathogen)?
Definition
LPS
Term
TLR2, ligand (pathogen)?
Definition
Lipoteichoic Acid
Term
TLR3, ligand (pathogen)?
Definition
ds RNA
Term
fixed macrophages are found? (5)
Definition
liver, lungs, spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow
Term
macrophages are important for innate or adaptive immunity?
Definition
both
Term
phagolysosomes are apart of which cell's defense system
Definition
machrophages
Term
oxygen dependent macrophage & pmns system?
Definition
superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide
Term
oxygen independent macrophage & pmns system
Definition
antibacterial: lysozyme & defensins; proteolytic: elastase & cathepsins
Term
proteolytic
Definition
breakdown of long chain polypeptides
Term
IFN γ (gamma) is produced by____and activates____ to kill pathogens
Definition
NK cells, macrophages
Term
____is the proteins that allows cells to communicate
Definition
cytokines
Term
___&___are responses of cells to cytokines
Definition
proliferate & differentiate
Term
___is cytokine release that acts on itself
Definition
autocrine
Term
___is cytokine release that acts on another cell
Definition
paracrine
Term
IFN α & β are anti-_____(viral or bacterial)
Definition
viral
Term
IFN α & β make other cells___to____infections
Definition
resistant, virus
Term
IFN α & β activate____cells, induce____, ↑ ___expression
Definition
activate NK cells, induce resistance to viral replication, increase MHC class I expression
Term
___'s function is 1) direct killing via MAC 2) ↑ inflammatory response via opsonizing 3) ↑ phagocyte chemotaxis
Definition
the complement system
Term
complement system is innate or adaptive?
Definition
innate
Term
classical pathway is ___
Definition
antigen-antibody complexes
Term
alternative pathway is___
Definition
pathogen surfaces (LPS)
Term
lectin activation pathway is _____
Definition
mannose binding lectin binds mannose on pathogen surface
Term
___inserts into the membrane and forms holes in the pathogen
Definition
membrane attack complex (MAC)
Term
___make bacteria easier for macrophages to bind for phagocytosis
Definition
opsonize
Term
C3b is?
Definition
complement protein that opsonizes bacteria
Term
C5a is?
Definition
acts as chemotactic substance
Term
___causes neutrophil migration toward site of inflammation along the concentration gradient
Definition
chemotaxis
Term
___neutrophil stops rolling and sticks to endothelium
Definition
margination
Term
___neutrophil squeezes out of blood vessel between endothelial cells
Definition
diapedesis
Term
___are antigens that induce a specific adaptive immune response in host
Definition
immunogen
Term
what makes a good antigen (4 physical factors)
Definition
large, complex, insoluble, foreign (non-self like)
Term
the antigenic determinant, or poriton of the anitgen that is recognized by the antibody, it is formed by 1o-4o structure (one protein can have many )
Definition
epitope (linear or conformational/discontinuous)
Term
carriers induce or enhance immune response?
Definition
induce
Term
adjuvants induce or enhance immune response?
Definition
enhance
Term
___is an antigen that can be bound and recognized by immune system but cannot elicit a response b/c too small (low MW)
Definition
hapten
Term
e.g. serum albumin is a ___ & penicillin is a ___ (hapten carrier complex)
Definition
carrier, hapten
Term
___can render antigen insoluble, prolong persistence of entry, activate inflammatory cells (a source of pamp)
Definition
adjuvant
Term
___induce polyclonal activatio of B or T lymphocytes
Definition
mitogens
Term
the N or C terminal is the L & H variable domains?
Definition
N terminal is variable
Term
___link the chains of Ig /Ab to each other
Definition
disulfide bonds
Term
__regions determine the class of Ig
Definition
constant region
Term
___regions of the H chains determine the biological function
Definition
Fc regions
Term
the two immunoglobulin types on light chain constant regions are?
Definition
kappa & lambda
Term
a higher affintiy antibody is more protective than a low affinity antibody b/c it will bind antigens at a ____ concentration
Definition
lower
Term
antibodies bind antigens through___interactions
Definition
non-covalent interactions
Term
___ attraction between opposite charges
Definition
electrostatic forces
Term
___hydrogen ion shared between different groups create partial opposite charges
Definition
hydrogen bonds
Term
___fluctuations in electorn clouds around molecules oppositely polarize neighboring atoms
Definition
van der waals forces
Term
___hydrophic aa attract
Definition
hydrophobic forces
Term
___are the number of anitgen binding sites
Definition
valence
Term
___is the strenght of binding based on valence
Definition
avidity
Term
what are the valences for Ig: A,D,E,G,M?
Definition
A:4,D:2,E:2,G:2,M:10
Term
Ig__occurs in serum as monomer; in secretions as a dimer?
Definition
IgA
Term
Ig__occur primarily as surface Ig co-expressed with IgM?
Definition
IgD
Term
which Ig inhibit attachment of toxins/microbes
Definition
M,G,A
Term
which Ig enhance phagocytosis (opsosins)
Definition
G, A
Term
which Ig mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
Definition
G
Term
which Ig activate complement cascade
Definition
M,G
Term
which Ig de-granulate mast cells
Definition
E
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