Term
| Describe what information is used to derive the wealth index. |
|
Definition
The home of the subject.
- Ownership of consumer goods
- Dwelling characteristics
- Drinking water source
- Toilet facilities
etc. |
|
|
Term
| How does on distinguish a live birth that dies in the first hour of life, from a stillbirth? |
|
Definition
| Stillbirth = From 22 weeks, gestation to birth. |
|
|
Term
| Name two essential features of a census. |
|
Definition
- Individual enumeration
- Universality within a defined territory
- Simultaneity
- Defined periodocity |
|
|
Term
| What are the three main types of sources of demographic data? |
|
Definition
- Vital registration
- Censuses
- Surveys |
|
|
Term
| Why was the 1790 census of the U.S.A. not technically a census? |
|
Definition
| No individual enumeration |
|
|
Term
| Name one census done regularly in the U.S.A. |
|
Definition
| Current population census |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name two dynamic aspects of population change studied by demographers. |
|
Definition
- Births
- Deaths
- Marriages
- Divorces |
|
|
Term
| Why might the study of cemetary records give a biased picture of mortality in the past? |
|
Definition
| Because not everyone can afford cemetary plots. |
|
|
Term
| In what region do most of the people of the world live? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What region has the highest population growth rate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the world population size in 2012? |
|
Definition
Approximately 7 billion
(~7,046,379,685) |
|
|
Term
| About how many people are added to the planet each year? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the bookkeeping equation? |
|
Definition
Pt=Po+B-D+I-O
Pt & Po = Population Growth
B = Births
D = Deaths
I = In migration
O = Out migration |
|
|
Term
| What is the simple rule to find the doubling time given the rate of growth? |
|
Definition
The rule of 70.
- Take the #70, and divide it by the growth rate. |
|
|
Term
| Name two countries in the top 10 with the highest RNI. |
|
Definition
- Niger
- Burkina Faso
- Uganda
- Occupied Palestinian Territory
- Timar-Leste
- Benin
- Tanzania
- Yemen
- Chad
- Guinea |
|
|
Term
| Name two of the ten countries with the lowest RNI. |
|
Definition
- Ukraine
- Bulgaria
- Belarus
- Russian Federation
- Latvia
- Lithuania
- Hungary
- Romania
- Germany
- Croatia |
|
|
Term
| Approximately how much does the U.S. population grow each year? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| About what proportion of U.S. growth is due to immigration? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the four stages of the demographic transition, and what would they look like graphically? |
|
Definition
1. High birth rates & high death rates. Zero or low growth
- -
2. Declining death rate, but high birth rate, so high growth rate
\ -
3. Declining death rate, and birth rate, so low growth rate
\ /
4. Both birth and death rates low, so close to zero growth
- - |
|
|
Term
| Why is population momentum an important concept for countries concerned about population growth in the future? |
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Definition
| As certain age groups get older, populations must garner the necessary resources to cater towards these predicted booms and busts in population size, and the age groups that dominate the total population. |
|
|
Term
| Name two of the largest cities in 1950. |
|
Definition
- NYC
- London
- Tokyo
- Paris
- Shanghai
- Moscow
- Buenos Aires
- Chicago
- Ruhr
- Kolkata |
|
|
Term
| Name two of the largest cities in 2010. |
|
Definition
- NYC
- Tokyo
- Seoul
- Mexico City
- Mumbai
- Jakarta
- Sao Paolo
- Delhi
- Osaka
- Shanghai |
|
|
Term
| When did the world reach 1 billion, 2 billion, and 6 billion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why do scientists speak of a demographically divided world? |
|
Definition
- One half of the population is comprised of industrialized countries. These countries have established a balance between births and deaths, which improves the average citizen's living conditions.
- In the other half, birth rates remain high, and rapid population growth is leading to the prevalence of environmental degredation and the lowering of the standard of living. |
|
|
Term
Define:
Crude Birth Rate
Crude Death Rate
Crude Rate if Natural Increase |
|
Definition
- Crude Birth Rate = # of live births/1,000 people (estimate at midyear)
- Crude Death Rate = # of deaths/1,000 people (estimate at midyear)
- Crude Rate of Natural Increase = CBR-CDR |
|
|
Term
| In what decade was the peak of the world population growth rate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How can the absolute number of births increase if the birth rate is declining? |
|
Definition
| Must take into account the population (of women). It's a issue of proportion. |
|
|
Term
| What is the only sustainable population growth rate in the long term? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name two countries with negative natural increase rates. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Briefly describe the epidemiological transition. |
|
Definition
This is essentially shift from infectuous diseases to degernative, chronic diseases.
- Acute to Chronic |
|
|
Term
| What is the definition of maternal mortality? |
|
Definition
| The death of a woman while pregnant, or within 42 days of the termination of a pregnancy. The death also cannot be accidental, it has to somehow correlate to the pregnancy. |
|
|
Term
| Name 2 of the causes of under-5 deaths in the world. |
|
Definition
- Diarrhea
- Pneumonia
- Malaria |
|
|
Term
| What is the Infant Mortality Rate? |
|
Definition
Number of infant deaths in a year * 1000
Number of live births in a year
|
|
|
Term
| What is the Neonatal Mortality Rate? |
|
Definition
| # of deaths of newborns in their first month of life / 1,000 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
# Deaths of children 1-11 months/ # Births
|
|
|
Term
| How is Malaria transmitted from human to human? |
|
Definition
| Female Annopheles Mosquitos |
|
|
Term
| What is a simple, low-cost treatment for diarrhea? |
|
Definition
| Proper sanitation and hand washing |
|
|
Term
| Why is malnutrition very important, even though it is rarely a cause of death in children? |
|
Definition
| Because it can result in under/overnutrition, which are two prevalent causes of child deaths. |
|
|
Term
| What is the Expectation of Life at Birth? |
|
Definition
Overall mortality level of a population
- Summarizes the mortality patterns across all age groups in a given year |
|
|
Term
| Why is the CDR a poor measure to compare the health of a population? |
|
Definition
It is too affected by the age structure of a population.
- Non-proportional |
|
|
Term
| Name one way to prevent malaria. |
|
Definition
- Bednets
- Antimalarial drugs |
|
|
Term
| What s the intervention that prevents polio and measels? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The sum of cause-specific death rates in a population gives us what rate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the shape of the ASDR? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name one public health intervention that led to declines in mortality. |
|
Definition
| Water cleaning, which halted the Cholera outbreak. |
|
|
Term
| In what region is maternal mortality the highest? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name one continent where endemic polio is still found. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name 3 intermediate fertility variables. |
|
Definition
- Formation & dissolution of sexual unions
- Exposure to intercourse within unions
- Abstinence & Involuntarily abstinence
- Celibacy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Number of children that would be born to a woman is she were to live to the end of her child bearing years, and bear children abiding by current ASFRs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Probability that a woman will conceive during a mentrual cycle. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Number of children born alive to a woman. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Number of pregnancies a woman has had. |
|
|
Term
| What is the most important intermediate determinant of fertility? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most important distal determinent of fertility? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is replacement fertility? |
|
Definition
| Number of births/woman that replaces itself sustainably, in the long term. Typically 2.1-2.3. |
|
|
Term
| What percentage of the worl population lives in countries with at, or below replacement fertility? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is the duration of postpartum amoenorrhea associated with the duration of breastfeeding? |
|
Definition
| Because the longer that a woman breastfeeds for, the longer their amenorrheic period is. |
|
|
Term
| What 5-year afe group of women typically has the highest fertility? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two types of unintended pregnancies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the typically pattern of the ASFR look like? |
|
Definition
| Hump on a camels back, peaking at 24-29. |
|
|
Term
| Why is replacement level fertility about 2.1 births/woman, and not 2.0? |
|
Definition
| Only in developed countries can the TFR stay at 2.0. |
|
|
Term
| Why/How does age at marriage affect TFR? |
|
Definition
| Whatever age group contains the largest amount of married women, will also project the highest TFR. |
|
|
Term
| What are the most popular contraceptive methods in the U.S.? |
|
Definition
- Condoms
- The pill
- IUDs
- Female sterilization |
|
|
Term
| Approximately how many sperm are in one ejaculate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the epididymis located? |
|
Definition
| It is a tightly-coiled tube that connects from the rear of the testicles, to the vas deferens. |
|
|
Term
| Where does fertilization usually occur? |
|
Definition
| Once sperm penetrates through the fallopian tube, it burrows its way into an egg which is in the uterus. |
|
|
Term
| What are the two phases of the menstrual cycle? |
|
Definition
- Follicular (begins on day 1 of the cycle)
- Luteal (begins when ovulation occurs) |
|
|
Term
| What is the problem with oil lubricants, and condoms? |
|
Definition
| Oil based lubricants weaken the latex in most condoms. |
|
|
Term
| What contraceptive method is believed to have been responsible for the fertility decline in France in the the early 1800s? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In what region is the under-5 mortality rate the highest? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the single most important direct cause of death for children worldwide? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name one micronutirent deficiency that contributes to child mortality. |
|
Definition
| Vitam A and Zinc deficiency |
|
|
Term
| In what region is malnutrition the highest? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is it important the you begin breastfeeding within 30m-1h of birth? |
|
Definition
| It reduces neonatal mortality |
|
|
Term
| Define exclusive breastfeeding. |
|
Definition
| The infant receives only breast milk. No powders, or any iother liquids. |
|
|
Term
| What immunzation if important for the mother to receive before or during a pregnancy? |
|
Definition
- Hepatits A, B
- Influenza
- Rotavirus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name 2 preventative interventions for child mortality. |
|
Definition
- Breastfeeding
- Complementary Feeding
- Zinc
- Water, sanitation, hygiene
- Insecticide-treated materials |
|
|
Term
| Name 2 therapeutic interventions for child mortality. |
|
Definition
- Oral Rehydration therapy
- Antibiotics for pneumonia
- Antimalarials
- Zinc, for diarrhea
- Newborn resuscitation
- Antibiotics for dysentary |
|
|
Term
| In what region is conctraceptive use the lowest? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name 3 reproductive health components. |
|
Definition
- Sexual behavior
- STDs & HIV
- Contraception
- Breastfeeding
- Abortion |
|
|
Term
| Do abortion rates typically go up or down as contraception prevalance rises? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the rationale for the statement, "Development is the best contraception"? |
|
Definition
| Although some developing countries can cover their own contraceptive costs, most lack the foreign exchange & manufacturing capacity to meet their own needs without some assistance from donors. Meaning that with development, comes increased prevalence of contraception. |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between a horizontal and a vertical health program? |
|
Definition
| Vertical is the utilization of one intervention, whereas horzontal integrates more than one intervention. |
|
|
Term
| In what decade was the contraceptive pill first marketed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the Mexico City policy? |
|
Definition
| This policy prohibits USAID from funding foreign NGOs that provide abortion services, legel or illegal, or that promote its legalization. Even if they use their own funds for these activities. |
|
|
Term
| What background variable is most closely associated with fertility levels? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During which part of the menstrual cycle is progesterone high? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name 2 side effects of oral contraceptives. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Briefly describe one of the fertility awareness methods. |
|
Definition
Standard days method
- Understanding stages of the menstrual cycle a woman is most fertile in. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lactational Amenorrheal Method |
|
|
Term
| What one key item in a safe delivery kit helps prevent neonatal tetanus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In which region is low birth weight the highest poportion of infant deaths? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| She opened the first birth control clinic. |
|
|
Term
| What is the definition of unmet need for contraception? |
|
Definition
| The percent with an unmet need for family planning is the number of women with unmet need for family planning expressed as a percentage of women of reproductive age who are married or in a union. Women with unmet need are those who are fecund and sexually active but are not using any method of contraception, and report not wanting any more children or wanting to delay the birth of their next child. |
|
|
Term
| How many abortions occur in the world/year? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What country is the largest donor of population assistance? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Information, Education, Communication |
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|
