Term
| Nurses who work in CH should have an understanding of? (3) |
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Definition
1. foundation of community health nursing
2. principles of community health nursing
3. health promotion and disease prevention |
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Term
| Nightingale's Theory of Environment |
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Definition
| Highlights relationship between an individual's environment and health |
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Term
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Definition
Purpose is to predict or explain health behaviors, assumes that preventative health behaviors are taken primarily for the purpose of avoiding disease
-emphasizes change at the individual level
-describes the likelihood of taking an action to avoid disease based on: perceived susceptibility, seriousness, and threat of disease, modifying factors (demographics, knowledge level), cues to action (media campaigns, disease impact on family/friends, recommendations from health care professionals), perceived benefits minus perceived barriers to taking actions |
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Term
| Milio's Framework for Prevention |
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Definition
Complements the health belief model
emphasizes the change at the community level
identifies the relationship btw health deficits and availability of health-promoting resources
-theorizes that behavior changes within a large number of people can ultimately lead to social change |
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Term
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Definition
| -group of people and institutions that share geographic, civic, and/or social parameters. Vary in characteristics and health needs. |
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Term
| How is a community's health determined? |
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Definition
| By degree to which community's collective health needs are identified and met |
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Term
| Health indicators of a community |
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Definition
| mortality rates, disease prevalence, levels of physical activity, obesity, tobacco use, substance use |
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Term
| Who is the client in community health nursing? |
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Definition
| The community or a population (an aggregate who shares one or more personal characteristics) |
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Term
| What are the purposes of population-focused nursing? |
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Definition
| Assessing to determine needs and intervening and promote health, and preventing disease within a specific population |
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Term
| Community based nursing focus of care + nursing activities |
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Definition
focus: individuals, families
activities: management of acute and chronic conditions in settings where individuals, families, and groups live, work, and "attend" (schools, camps, prisons) |
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Term
| Community-oriented nursing focus of care + nursing activities: |
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Definition
focus: at-risk individuals, and groups, community
activities: determining health needs of a community, and intervening at the individual, family, and group level to improve the collective health of the community |
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Term
| Community health nursing practice focus + nursing activities |
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Definition
focus: synthesis of nursing and public health theory
activities: promote, preserve, and maintain the health of populations by the delivery of health services to individuals, families, and groups in order to impact community health |
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Term
| Public health nursing practice focus + nursing activities |
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Definition
focus: synthesis of nursing and public health theory
activities: promote, preserve, and maintain the health of populations through disease and disability prevention and health protection of the community as a whole. CORE FUNCTIONS: systemic assessment of the health of populations, development of policies to support the health of populations, ensuring the essential health services are available to all persons |
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Term
| Public Health Code of Ethics |
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Definition
| IDs ethical practice of PH. Considerations include: preventing harm, doing no harm, promoting good, respecting both individual and community rights, respecting autonomy and diversity, and providing confidentiality, competency, trust, and advocacy |
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Term
| Respect for Autonomy (def + situation) |
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Definition
Individuals select those actions that fulfill their goals
S: respecting a client's right to self-determination (making a decision not to pursue chemotherapy) |
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Term
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Definition
No harm is done when applying standards of care.
S: Developing plans of care that include a system for monitoring and evaluating outcomes |
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Term
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Definition
Maximize possible benefits and minimize possible harm
S: assessing risks and benefits when planning interventions |
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Term
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Definition
Fair distribution of the benefits and burden in society is based on the needs and contributions of its members
S: determining eligibility for health care services based on income and fiscal resources |
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Term
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Definition
| study of health-related trends in populations for the purposes of disease prevention, health maintenances, and health protection |
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Term
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Definition
| Animate or inanimate object that causes the disease |
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Term
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Definition
| living being that is affected by the agent |
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Term
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Definition
| setting or surrounding that sustains the host |
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Term
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Definition
| Number of new cases in the population at a specific time / population total X 1000 = x/1000 |
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Term
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Definition
| Number of existing cases in the population at a specific time/ population total = 1000 = X/1000 |
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Term
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Definition
| Number of deaths/population total x 1000 = x/1000 |
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Term
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Definition
| number of infant deaths before 1 year of age in a year/numbers of live births in the same year x 1000 = x/1000 |
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Term
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Definition
| number of people exposed to a specific agent who develop disease/total number of people exposed |
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Term
Epi Process
1. Determine nature, extent, and possible significance of the problem |
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Definition
| during this phase of process, the nurse collects information from as many sources as possible. This info is then used to determine the scope of the proble |
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Term
Epi Process
2. using the gathered data, formulate possible theory |
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Definition
| at this time, nurse projects and explores the possible explanation |
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Term
Epi Process
3. Gather info from a variety of sources in order to narrow down possibilities |
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Definition
| nurse assesses all possible sites for amassing information related to disease process. The nurse evaluates the plausibility of the proposed hypothesis. |
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Term
Epi Process
4. make the plan |
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Definition
| nurse focuses on breaking down the cycle of disease. All factors influencing the spread of the disease must be considered and identified. Priorities are established to break the chain of transmission and to control the spread of the disease. |
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Term
Epi Process
5. put plan into action |
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Definition
| using all available means, the nurse puts the plan for controlling the disease into action |
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Term
Epi Process
6. evaluate the plan |
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Definition
| nurse gathers pertinent info to determine success of plan. using this plan, the nurse evaluates successes and failures and based follow-up on the evaluation information |
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Term
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Definition
| Nurse synthesizes evaluation data into a format that is understandable. Then nurse evaluates successes and failures and bases follow-up on evaluation information |
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Term
| Agent - chemical, physical, infectious |
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Definition
chem - drugs/toxins
phys - noise, temp
infect: viruses, bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| age, gender, genetics, ethnicity, immune status, physiological state, occupation |
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Term
| Environment (physical + social) |
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Definition
phys - geography, water/food supply, presence of reservoirs/vectors
social - access to health care, high-risk working conditions, poverty |
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Term
| Barriers that make learning difficult (nurse must consider when educating) |
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Definition
| age, cultural, poor reading and comprehension skills, language barriers, barriers to access, lack of motivation |
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Term
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Definition
| use of reinforcement methods to change learners patterns of thought |
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Term
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Definition
| use of sensory input and repetition to change learners patterns of thought, thereby changing behaviors |
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Term
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Definition
| use of ongoing discussion and inquirty to increase learners' depth of knowledge, thereby changing thinking and hebaviors |
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Term
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Definition
| use of techniques specific to learners' developmental stages to determine readiness to learn, and to impart knowledge |
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Term
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Definition
| assists learners to grow by emphasizing emotions and relationships and believing that free choice will prompt actions that are in their own best interest |
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Term
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Definition
| links information to beliefs and values to change or shift the learners' expectations |
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Term
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Definition
| health education, counseling, immunizations, and other acions that aim to preven a potential disease or disability |
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Term
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Definition
prevention of the initial occurrence or disease or injury
ex: nutritin edu, family planning/sex edu, smoking cessation communicable disease,edu about health/hygeine, safety edu, prenatal classes, immunizations, advocating for access to HC |
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Term
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Definition
early detection and treatment of disease with the goal of limiting severity and adverse effects
-community assessments, screenings: cancer, hypertension,tuberculosis, lead exposure, genetic disorders; control of outbreaks of communicable diseases |
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Term
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Definition
Maximization of recovery after an injury or illness (rehab)
-nutrition counseling, exercise rehab, case management, physical and OT, support groups, exercise for hypertensive patients |
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