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| Occurs when new bonds form or old bonds break between atoms; foundation of all life processes |
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Energy
"en" = in ; "ergy" = work |
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| energy stored by matter due to its position |
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| energy associated with matter in motion |
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| form of potential energy that is stored in the bonds of compounds and molecules |
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| Law of Conservation of energy |
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| energy can neither be created nor destroyed only converted or transferred from one form to another |
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Exergonic Reactions
"ex" = out |
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| release more energy then they absorb |
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Endergonic Reactions
"end" = within |
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| absorb more energy than they release |
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| collision energy needed to break the chemical bonds of reactants |
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| more particles of matter present in a confined space |
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| as it rises, particles of matter move more rapidly |
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| chemical compounds that speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed for a reaction to occur |
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| Synthesis Reactions AKA Anabolism |
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| when two or more atoms, ions, or molecules combine to form new and larger molecules |
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| Decomposition Reactions AKA Catabolism |
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| split up large molecules into smaller atoms, ions, or molecules |
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| consist of both synthesis and decomposition reactions |
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| products convert to original reactants that are indicated by 2 half arrows pointing in the opposite directions |
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| lack carbon and are structurally simple |
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| contain carbon and usually hydrogen |
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| most important and abundant inorganic compound in all living systems mostly due to its covalent polar bonds |
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Hydrophilic
"hydro" = water ; "philic" = loving |
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| solutes that are charged or contain polar covalent bonds that easily dissolve in water |
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Hydrophobic
"hydro" = water ; "phobic" = fearing |
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| molecules that contain mainly non-polar covalent bonds are not very water soluble |
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Hydrolysis
"hydro" = water ; "lysis" = to loosen or break apart |
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| to loosen or break apart large molecule into smaller nutrient molecules by the addition of water |
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Dehydration Synthesis Reaction
"de" = from, down, or out ; "hydra" = water |
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| when two smaller molecules join to form a larger molecule and water is a product that's formed |
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| combination of elements or compounds that are physically blended together but not bound by chemical bonds |
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| differs from solutions mainly because of the size of its particles that are large enough to scatter light |
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| suspended material may mix with the liquid or suspending medium for some time but will eventually settle out |
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| once mixed together, solutes remain evenly dispersed |
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| when dissolved in water dissociates into cations and anions |
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| chemical compounds that can convert strong acids or bases into weak ones |
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| function mainly as a source of chemical energy generating ATP needed to drive metabolic reactions which includes sugars, glycogen, starches, and cellulose |
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| main sugar in human body that is made entirely of glucose monomers linked to one another in branching chains |
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| insoluble in water causing them to be hydrophobic |
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| simplest of lipids which are used to synthesize triglycerides and phospholipids |
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| solid triglyceride at room temperature which are mostly saturated |
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| liquid triglyceride at room temperature which are mostly unsaturated |
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