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Which of these substances is not produced from petroleum starting materials?
1. plastic bottle
2. gasoline
3. wax paper
4. hand cream (moisturizer)
5. cane sugar
6. engine oil |
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Definition
| cane sugar - this comes from a plant. |
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| How many hydrogens are in a 14 carbon alkane? |
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Definition
30 hydrogens.
Alkane general formula = CnH2n+2 |
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Draw the structure of 3,4-diethyloctane.
You can just show the "carbon backbone." |
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Definition
[image]
Remember - the hydrogens are not shown, but they are there! |
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Name this compound:
[image] |
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Definition
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| A single covalent bond contains how many electrons? |
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| Fractional distillation separates petroleum fractions by taking advantage of different ___________ of the molecules. |
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| Name this molecule: CH3CH2CH3 |
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| Two molecules are isomers if |
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Definition
| they have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas. |
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| What is the general formula for an alkane? |
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Crude oil, or petroleum, is a
(renewable / nonrenewable) resource. |
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Definition
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| The higher the boiling point of a molecule, the (weaker / stronger) the intermolecular forces holding those molecules to each other are. |
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| Draw the electron dot structure of ethane. |
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| The bond angles in methane (and all alkanes, in fact) measure _______ degrees. |
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Definition
| 109.5. This creates what is called a tetrahedral shape. |
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| How many electrons are in a methane molecule? |
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The smallest alkane is named ________ and has this
electron dot structure ________. |
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| Are pentane and dimethylpropane isomers? |
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Definition
| Yes they are. They both have the molecular formula C5H12 but have different connectivity of their atoms - different structures. |
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[image]Name this molecule:
[image] |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
A 4-carbon chain that is connected to a larger hydrocarbon chain.
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| Hydrocarbon compounds with 1 to 4 carbon atoms are (solids / liquids / gases) at room temperature, and have (strong / weak) intermolecular forces. |
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Definition
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Term
Why do carbon-to-carbon bonds have 109.5° bond angles between them?
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Definition
| This bond angle places the bonds as far apart from each other as possible. |
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Term
What's the difference between a structural formula, a condensed structural formula, and a molecular formula?
Use propane as an example. |
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Definition
A molecular formula just indicates the number of each atom: C3H8.
A condensed structural formula assumes that you understand how the hydrogens are bonded to the carbons: CH3CH2CH3.
A structural formula shows all of the bonds clearly:[image]
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Name this compound:
[image]
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Definition
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| Branching (increases / decreases) boiling point. |
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Definition
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Term
| When intermolecular forces are weak, the boiling point of the substance is (low / high). |
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Definition
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Term
Are these molecules isomers?
[image] and [image] |
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Definition
| No - they are the SAME molecule. |
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Term
Are these molecules isomers?
C -- C -- C -- C -- C -- C and C -- C -- C -- C -- C
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C
(only carbon skeleton shown)
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Definition
| No. They are the same molecule. |
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| The prefix in a hydrocarbon name indicates what? |
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| The number of carbon atoms in the chain. |
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| The first four hydrocarbon prefixes are |
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