Term
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Definition
| Well used to inject water, CO2 or gas into the reservoir to sustain reservoir pressure or to push hydrocarbons towards production wells. |
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Term
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Definition
| Reserves are oil know to exist that can be produced economically. |
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Term
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Definition
| A sensor that detects ground motion used to record seismic reflection data. Like a microphone that records seismic eccos. |
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Term
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Describe the risks associated with fault-related traps.
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Definition
| Faults may not be sealing and may allow hydrocabons to escape. Fault seal is difficult to asses before drilling. |
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Term
| Describe why ancient coral reefs can create excellent stratigratigraphic traps. |
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Definition
| Reefs are possitive features on the seafloor (bumps) that have excellent primary porosity and permeability. They are often buried by lagoonal muds that form a seal. |
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Term
| What is the purpose of "stacking" during seismic processing? |
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Definition
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Stacking supresses noise and enhances the signal from coherent reflectors.
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Term
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What is the most common energy source used in the acquisition of marine seismic data?
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Definition
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Term
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Why are there several overlapping images of the geology in this seismic line?
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Definition
| The seismic energy bounces back and forth between the sea surface and the seabottom creating multiple images of the geology. |
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Term
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What is the nature of the reflector marked by an arrow. How does it affect reservoirs that underlie it?
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Definition
| It is an unconformity. Reservoirs below it may have experience subaerial exposure and have enhanced permeability due to dissolution by meteoric waters. |
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Term
| The steps in the exploration process |
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Definition
Global basin analysis,
develop play concepts,
define exploration play ares,
evaluate prospects,
identify drillable prospects,
drill exploration wells,
drill developlment wells |
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Term
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List the data that is required to preform a volumetric reserves calculation of an oil field.
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Definition
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Field Area Net Reservoir thickness porosity Hydrocarbon saturation Recovery factor Oil shrinkage factor (or expansion factor) Factor to convert to Barrels of oil
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Term
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What is the purpose of a reservoir model?
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Definition
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To predict production of future wells and thus optimize field development.
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Term
| Contrast the evolution of reservoir pressure during the life of two fields, one under gas cap drive and one under water drive. |
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Definition
| Gas Drive: Pressure declines slowly, water production is moderate Water drive: pressure remains nearly constant, water production grows continously |
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Term
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Under what conditions is it a good idea to use alternating rows of production wells and injection wells (line drive)?
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Definition
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Line drive is used in field where the reservoir has significant dip to push the oil up dip towards producing wells.
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Term
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What is the difference in the production history of a coal-bed-methane well compared to a conventional gas well?
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Definition
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Coal-bed-methane wells produce a lot of water to beging with, as reservoir pressure declines, gas production starts and less water is produced.
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Term
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Why is the Bakken Shale significant?
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Definition
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Bakken shale is a very rich unconventional oil producer in North Dakota. It requires horizontal wells and multistage fracs.
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Term
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What is the main environmental issue associated with coal-bed-methane production?
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Definition
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Treatment and disposal of produced waters is a problem.
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Term
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When did oil production reach its peak in the US?
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Definition
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Term
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Where is the largest tar sand deposit in the world located?
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Definition
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Term
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How is the production of hydrocarbons from a tar sand deposit different from a conventional oil field?
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Definition
| Tar sands are exploited by strip mining and them crushing and washing the sands with water and solvents to extract the hydrocarbons. |
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Term
| explain the nature of the hydrate stability zone. |
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Definition
| Gas hydrates exist in a narrow zone near the seafloor where the the pressure is high enough and the temperature is low enough. At some point the geothermal gradient heats the rock and the hydrate dissociates to free gas. |
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