Information or rumor deliberately spread to help or harm a person, group, or institution

[image]

 tool designed to persuade 

 [image]

a deceptive, misleading, or false notion, belife ect.

[image]

the presentation of two contrasting images. The ideas are balanced by word, phrase, clause, or paragraphs. “To be or not to be…” 

Form of understatement in which the negative of the contrary is used to achieve emphasis

and intensity. For example, "She is not a bad cook."

In dramatic literature, the moral element that determines a character's actions, rather than

thought or emotion.

a more acceptable and usually more pleasant way of saying something that might be  

  inappropriate or uncomfortable. “He went to his final reward” is a common euphemism  

  for “he died.”  Euphemisms are also often used to obscure the reality of a situation.

A situation or statement characterized by significant difference between what is expected

or understood and what actually happens or is meant. Irony is frequently humorous, and

can be sarcastic when using words to imply the opposite of what they normally mean

Paradox

a statement that seems to contradict itself but that turns out to have a rational meaning, as 

in this quotation from Henry David Thoreau; “I never found the companion that was so 

companionable as solitude.”

Anaphora

A concise statement designed to make a point or illustrate a commonly held belief. The

writings of Benjamin Franklin contain many aphorisms, such as "Early to bed and early

to rise/Make a man healthy, wealthy, and wise."