Term
| What is the definition of a personality trait? |
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Definition
| Enduring patterns of perceiving, relating to, and thinking about the environment and oneself that are exhibited in a wide-range of social andpersonal contexts |
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Term
| What are the four humors? What do they represent? |
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Definition
Blood - emotional lability
Black bile- depression
Yellow bile - anger
Phlegm - slow, stolid, cold |
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Term
| What are Jung's four personality axes? |
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Definition
Introvert-Extrovert
Thinking-feeling
Sensing-intuiting
Judging-perceiving |
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Term
| What are the five proposed trait domains in the DSM-5? |
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Definition
Negative affectivity - experiences of negative emotions
Detachment - does the person withdraw from others/social interactions?
Antagonism - is the person at odds with others?
Disinhibition - does the person do thinks without considering future consequences
Psychoticism - unusual/bizarre experiences |
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Term
| How much of personality is heritable? |
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Definition
| Quite a bit of it - high concordance between twins |
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Term
| What biomarker is associated with impulsivity? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a biomarker of affective instability? |
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Definition
| Hyperresponsiveness of the noradrenergic system |
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Term
| What is a biomarker of anxiety/inhibition? |
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Definition
| High autonomic arousal from infancy |
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Term
| What is the definition of a personality disorder/ |
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Definition
| When personality traits are inflexible and maladaptive and cause significant functional impairment or subjective distress, then and then only do they constitute a personality disorder |
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Term
| What is the prevalence of any personality disorder? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are comorbidities of personality disorders/ |
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Definition
Other personality disorders
Related Axis I disorders (reminder - personality disorders are a part of Axis II) |
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Term
| What is the gestalt of cluster A personality disorders? |
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Definition
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Term
| What personality disorders are found in Cluster A? |
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Definition
Paranoid personality disorder
Schizoid personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder |
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Term
| What is the definition of paranoid personality disorder? |
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Definition
| A pattern of distrust or suspiciousness such that others' motives are interpreted as malevolent |
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Term
| What is the general "gestalt" of someone who has paranoid personality disorder? |
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Definition
Wanting to live far away from everyone else
Thinking that others are always "out to get them"
Reads into events as being threatening
Not willing to forgive
Easily angered |
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Term
| What is the treatment of paranoid personality disorder? |
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Definition
Psychotherapy
Medication - anxiolytics |
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Term
| What is the definition of schizoid personality disorder? |
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Definition
| A pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of emotional expression |
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Term
| What is the "gestalt" of someone with Schizoid personality disorder? |
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Definition
They're just generally uninterested in relationships
Even if you're with these people, they can't develop relationships
They can't feel their own emotions
Simply put, they're bland |
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Term
| What is the treatment for schizoid personality disorder? |
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Definition
Psychotherapy - treatment of choice
Medication: low dose antipsychotics/antidepressants are occasionally helpful |
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Term
| How should you approach someone with paranoid personality disorder? |
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Definition
Be very straightforward
Don't expect to have warmth come back to you
Don't show empathy - you'll make them nervous |
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Term
| How should you approach someone with Schizoid personality disorder? |
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Definition
Straightforward
Don't expect warmth
Don't show too much empathy - it will make them nervous |
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Term
| What is the definition of schizotypal personality disorder? |
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Definition
| A pattern of acute discomfort in close relationships, cognitive or perceptual distortions, and eccentricities of behavior |
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Term
| What is the "gestalt" of people with schizotypal personality disorder? |
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Definition
They often have one hobby about which they really, really care about
They have odd thinking/speech
They have odd beliefs
The few relationships they do have, no matter how shallow they seem to us, are of extreme importance |
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Term
| What is the treatment of schizotypal personality disorder? |
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Definition
Psychotherapy is the treatment of choice
Medications: antipsychotics may be useful |
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Term
| How should you approach a patient with schizotypal personality disorder/ |
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Definition
Straightforward
Don't ridicule them - ever
Don't reject them - your limited interaction with them may be of great importance |
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Term
| What are the general characteristics of personality disorders within cluster B? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the personality disorders in cluster B? |
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Definition
Antisocial personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Histrionic personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder |
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Term
| What is the definition of antisocial personality disorder? |
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Definition
| A pattern of disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others |
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Term
| What is a requirement for the diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the gestalt of antisocial personality disorder? |
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Definition
Lie all of the time
History of legal problems
Completely irresponsible
No remorse |
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Term
| What is the prevalence of antisocial personality disorder? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the comorbidities of antisocial personality disorder? |
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Definition
1. SUBSTANCE ABUSE!
ADD
Depression
Anxiety |
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Term
| What are the major clinical issues with antisocial personality disorder? |
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Definition
Violence
Criminal behavior
Suicide |
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Term
| What is the treatment of antisocial personality disorder? |
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Definition
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Term
| How should you interact with a patient with personality disorder? |
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Definition
Firm limits
They abuse substances |
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Term
| What is the definition of borderline personality disorder? |
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Definition
| A pattern of instability in interpersonal reationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity |
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Term
| What is the gestalt of someone with borderline personality disorder? |
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Definition
Frantic attempts to avoid abandoment
Impulsive behaviors
No real sense of self
Suicidal behaviors
Feelings of emptiness
Rage |
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Term
| What is the prevalence of borderline personality disorder/ |
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Definition
3% of females
1% of males
Mirror image of antisocial |
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Term
| What are the comorbidities of borderline personality disorder? |
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Definition
Depression
Substance abuse
Eating disorders
Psychosis |
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Term
| What are the major clinical issues with borderline personality disorder? |
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Definition
1. SUICIDE!
Rage
Psychosis
Dissociation
Splitting: all good or all bad |
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Term
| What can predispose someone to borderline personality disorder? |
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Definition
History of sexual abuse
Parents who vascillated between rage and prace |
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Term
| What is the treatment for borderline personality disorder? |
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Definition
Psychotherapy: dialectical/behavioral therapy WORKS!!! 50% of px. won't have symptoms if they do this
Medications |
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Term
| How should you interact with a patient with borderline personality disorder? |
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Definition
Be careful to know how you feel: the rage of the patient is contagious
Have firm limits |
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Term
| What is the definition of histrionic personality disorder? |
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Definition
| A pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking |
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Term
| What is the gestalt of histrionic personality disorder? |
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Definition
Sexually provacative behavior
Emotive
Hells angels
Easily influenced |
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Term
| What axis I disorders do people with histrionic personality disorder present with? |
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Definition
Somatization (RICKY BOBBY!)
Depressive disorders
Anxiety disorders |
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Term
| What is the treatment for histrionic personality disorder? |
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Definition
Psychotherapy - dynamic therapy
Medication: antidepressants and anxiolytics for comorbid problems |
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Term
| How should you interact with someone with histrionic personality disorder? |
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Definition
Don't let yourself be seduced!
Be sure to get accurate details - their overblowing of everything may make it hard to figure out what's going on. |
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Term
| What is the definition of narcissistic personality disorder? |
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Definition
| A pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy |
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Term
| What is the gestalt of narcissistic personality disorder? |
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Definition
Exceptionaly arrogant
No empathy
Requirement of excessive admiration
Has a sense of entitlement
Believes that others are envious |
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Term
| What Axis I disorders are common with narcissistic personality disorder? |
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Definition
Mood disorders
Substance abuse
Anorexia |
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Term
| What is the treatment for narcissistic personality disorder? |
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Definition
Interpersonal therapy
Meds as needed for comorbid disorders |
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Term
| What is the general pattern for cluster C personality disorder? |
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Definition
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Term
| What disorders are found within cluster C? |
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Definition
Avoidant personality disorder
Dependent personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder |
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Term
| What is the definition of avoidant personality disorder? |
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Definition
| A pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequcy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation |
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Term
| What is the gestalt of avoidant personality disorder? |
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Definition
Pathological shyness in interpersonal relationships with others (one on 1)
People walk away from a conversation thinking that it was a disaster
Excessively worried about rejection
Chronically feeling inadequate |
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Term
| What are some comorbid axis I diseases with avoidant personality disorder? |
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Definition
Social phobia
Anxiety disorders
Depressive disorders |
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Term
| What is the treatment for avoidant personality disorder? |
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Definition
Cognitive behavioral therapy
Meds as needed for axis I disorders |
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Term
| How should you interact with patients with avoidant personality disorder? |
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Definition
Unconditional respect and concern
Never give a hint of rejection |
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Term
| What is the definition of dependent personality disorder? |
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Definition
| A pattern of submissive and clinging behavior related to an excessive need to be taken care of |
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Term
| What is the gestalt of dependent personality disorder? |
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Definition
Low confidence
Need excessive advice from others
Can't disagree with someone else
Can't stand a position of authority
Need positive reinforcement |
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Term
| What are comorbid axis I disorders with dependent personality disorder? |
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Definition
Mood disorders
Anxiety disorders
Adjustment disorders |
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Term
| How should a physician interact with patients with dependent personality disorder? |
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Definition
Take an acitve role in treatment
Give encouragement!
Get the family involved |
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Term
| What is the definition of obsessive compulsive personality disorder? |
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Definition
| A pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and control |
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Term
| What is the gestalt of obsessive compulsive personality disorder? |
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Definition
Lots of checking and repetition
Workaholic
Rigidity
Stubborn
Can't throw anything away |
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Term
| What are comorbid axis I disorders for obsessive compulsive personality disorder? |
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Definition
OCD
Eating disorders
Hypochondriasis |
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Term
| What is the treatment for obsessive compulsive personality disorder? |
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Definition
Multiple different psychotherapies
SSRISs |
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Term
| How should you interact with someone who has obsessive compulsive personality disorder? |
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Definition
Give great explanations
Give clear risk-benefit explanations |
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