Term
| Systematic or objective assessments can be subdivided into: |
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Definition
Idiographic Procedures
Nomothetic Procedures |
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Term
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Definition
- Which are specific to the individual concerned
- I – Individual
- Looks at only information to do with an individual |
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Term
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Definition
- In which the same procedure is given to large numbers of people against whom the individual is compared
- Population level
- Tells us about a population, but can still look at the information of one individual and how they compare to the rest of the population |
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Term
| Three ways to Measure Personality |
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Definition
1. Interviews
2. Observation
3. Inventories |
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Term
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Definition
ONLY IDIOGRAPHIC
- Structured set of questions which can be modified, depending on response can ask more about certain factors that suit the interviewers needs
- Focuses on specific thoughts and behaviors
- Able to extract a lot of in depth information about an individual, but hard to extract information about an individual outside of an interview scenario
- Relies on honesty, may give bias information that is not true or accurate
- Difficult to generalize from one interview to the next
E.g. good for a job interview, will get a lot of detail about that individual person and are able to get a taste of their personality/whether they are good for the job |
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Term
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Definition
ONLY IDIOGRAPHIC
- Focuses on behaviors, not thoughts
- Works best if judge knows participant
- Will have to observe a person for a longer period of time
- The closer the observed behavior is to the personality trait that is being assessed, the more accuracy you have
- Must make sure that the situation or behavior you are making the observations in, is similar to what the trait is so that it has the chance for the trait to be demonstrated
E.g. can do this with your partner, may be asked what their partner acts like in different scenarios so observe their partner and not down observations |
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Term
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Definition
NOMOTHETIC
- Questionnaires/Survey (paper or computer)
- A way of putting out a series of items (a question or statement within a questionnaire)
- Work out which traits and how many we want to evaluate, then select a series of items that are designed to measure those traits
- Benefit of using technology saves a lot in time and costs
- Produce a personality profile
- Looking at clustering of personality traits, how common or rare traits are
- Usually set out as questions answered from False 1 -- 5 True |
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Term
| The Mini-IPIP6 (Sibley et al, 2011) Inventory |
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Definition
- Looks similar to Big Five, but with an additional factor of Honesty - Humility
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Term
| The Mini-IPIP6 (Sibley et al, 2011) Inventory Explanation |
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Definition
[image]
- Would look at questions 6, 12, 18 and 24 to figure out a person’s honesty and humility
- 10 and 11 contradict, in order to catch people who incorrectly tick all of the answers the same in order to catch out response bias
- Will also see Socially Desirability (want others to think good about you) so chose a number that makes you look good for the role instead of being truthful
- Also include ‘scales for lying’. A series of statements in which most people would not completely agree to it - e.g. I’ve never told a lie; I’ve never done anything in life that has hurt someone’s feelings.
- If you agree to most of these lie detector questions, chances are that you are agreeing to a socially desirability
- Also used by mental health professionals and employers |
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Term
| Positives/Negatives of Inventories |
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Definition
- Easy to score and statistically analyze (have data there straight away)
- People may respond through social desirability (five or six questions would test this)
- Response bias – Acquiescence (if one person strongly agrees/strongly disagrees to everything) |
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Term
| Measuring Personality: Projective Tests Rorschach |
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Definition
- Include Rorschach and early attempts at personality assessment assumed that this would need to tap into dimensions of which the individual was unconscious.
- Led to development of projective personality tests, e.g. Rorschach inkblot tests, TAT Thematic Apperception Test etc.
- Primarily developed within clinical context, meant to be interpreted in light of other information, and often highly subjective
- Scoring methods subsequently revised and made more objective e.g. in Rorschach, noting whether individual concentrates on central or peripheral features
- Concerns about validity and reliability
- Not as reliable and is not used nowadays |
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