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related to L.H. - unpredictable electric shocks, rats began to develop agitation related behavior and some died (sudden death syndrome) |
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SARASON - get some practice questions, then take same test and say aloud what you were thinking. those who were low on test anxiety talked more about scientific process of choosing answers. high test anxiety, self preoccupying thoughts. MEICHENBAUM - clinical intervention. high and low anx only matter much if you have moderate aptitude level |
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and FOLKMAN - 1) primary appraisal - is relevant to me? is dangerous? 2) secondary appraisal - coping, what can i do? 3) reappraisal - still relevant? still dangerous? |
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Instrumental Training Space |
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SELIGMAN - able to make response that actually modifies aversive event |
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Predictability Hypothesis |
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SELIGMAN - safety signal, when signal reliably predicts danger, absence of signal reliably predicts safety (if non predicts danger, none safety). inadequate |
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Berlyne's Info Seeking Hypothesis |
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ppl seek info & when faced with unpredictability, they strive for certainty. uncert causes conflict and arousal. inadequate |
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CHURCH - individuals choose control bc control improves an aversive outcome. shock will feel differently because of mental states |
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controllability provides individual with more than just extra predictability. provides guaranteed upper limit on how bad situation can become. stable attributions most important. predictability enhances stress reactions under conditions where controllability decreases those reactions |
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