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| based his theory on the fact that we all fell inferior.everyone feels inferior through out their life and they try to overcome it. |
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| feeling that one has of being inferior, whether or not these feelings are justified, such feelings can lead to either positive accomplishments or to an inferiority complex |
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| what adler called "the fundamental fact of life" it is not the search for power to overcome feelings of inferiority, it is the constant search for perfection or superiority |
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| a person concentrates too much on his own need to succeed while ignoring the needs of others. such a person tends to be vain, domineering, arrogant |
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| a person is overwhelmed by feelings of inferiority to the point which nothing can be accomplished |
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| the primary means by which one attempts to attain his self-created or fictional goals in life |
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| fictional future goal to which a person aspires. this goal is the end to which the person is aspiring, and his lifestyle is the means to that end. |
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| has the ability to change their story |
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| cant change story, resist any change |
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| Adler's emphasis is on the stage of....... |
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| if the mother is selfish, then the child will not get a sense of social interest, if the mother is self-less, the child gets self interest |
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| any lifestyle that is not aimed at social useful goals. in other words, any lifestyle that minimizes social interest |
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1. ruling-dominate type
2. getting-leaning type
3. avoiding type
4. socially useful type |
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| person exhibiting the mistaken lifestyle that dominates and rules people. such a person lacks adequate social interest |
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| person exhibiting the mistaken lifestyle that expects everything to be given to him by others. such a person lacks adequate social interest |
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| person exhibiting the mistaken lifestyle of avoiding the attempt to solve lives problems, thereby escaping possible defeat. such a person lacks adequate social interest |
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| a lifestyle thats has a adequate amount of social interest, such a lifestyle is not mistaken |
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| the three conditions that causes the mistaken lifestyles |
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Definition
1. physical inferiority
2. spoiling or pampering
3. neglecting |
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an actually physical weakness, which can cause
compensation
overcompensation
inferiority complex |
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| making up for a weakness, such as organ inferiority, by emphasizing functions that substitute for the weakness. |
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| process by which, through considerable effort, a previous weakness is converted into a strength. |
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| a person is overwhelmed with feelings of inferiority to the extent of not being able to accomplishing anything |
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| conditions that cause a child to believe it is the responsibility of others to satisfy his needs. this is the most harmful of all the conditions. |
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| condition that causes the child to feel worthless and angry and to be distrustful of everyone. |
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| mechanisms neurotics use to preserve what little self-esteem and illusions of superiority a mistaken lifestyle can provide. |
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1. excuses
2. aggression
3. distancing |
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| neurotics use symptoms as excuses for their shortcomings |
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has three forms
a. depreciation
b. accusation
c. self-accusation |
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| the tendency to overvalue your accomplishments and to devalue others people's. you can do this by idealization, which is allowing no shortcomings for others, so that is impossible for others to measure up, or by solicitude, which is acting like others could not get by without you |
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| blaming other people for one's shortcoming and seeking revenge against those people |
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| wallowing in self-torture and guilt, the ultimate purpose of which is to hurt other people |
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the act of creating barriers between themselves and their problems in life.
has four forms
a. moving backwards
b. standing still
c. hesitation
d. constructing obstacles |
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| the use of childhood behavior in order to get attention and control |
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| the avoidance of failure by not attempting anything |
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| becoming involved in other things to the point that it is too late to confront the problems |
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| d. constructing obstacles |
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| the creation of minor obstacles that the neurotic can over come therefore giving the neurotic some sense of worth |
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| "individual psychology" adler's term to describe his theory. to make the patient aware of how he is not cooperating with society, and help him overcome it |
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| his view of freud's unconscious |
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| adler denied the very foundation of psychoanalysis. |
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| this child is the focus of attention till the birth of the second child "dethrones" him. this loss creates feelings of bitterness that causes problems later in life. adler considered this the most troubling birth position. |
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| this child is ambitious because this child is constantly trying to catch up and surpass the older sibling. of all the birth orders, adler believed that the second was the best. |
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| this child is often spoiled and therefore loses courage to succeed by his or her own effort. |
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| this child is like the first born child that was never dethroned. they are often sweet, affectionate, and charming in order to appeal to other. this birth order is not that bad. |
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| the two needs in infancy/childhood |
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| the child's need for security and freedom from fear, normal psychological development cannot occur without it. |
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| meeting of such physiological needs such as water, food, sleep,these are required for a child's biological survival |
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anything parents do that undermines a child's security
i.e. indifference towards the child
rejection, hostility, preference of siblings, ridicule, unkept promises, isolation |
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| the feeling generated in the child if its needs for safety and satisfaction are not consistently and lovingly attended to by the parents |
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| psychological state that exists when basic hostility is repressed. it is the general feeling that everything and everyone in the world is potentially dangerous, and that one is helpless to these dangers |
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| the origins of neurotic behavior according to horney |
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Definition
| poor parent-child relationships |
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| ten strategies for minimizing basic anxiety |
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Definition
1. need for affection or approval
2. need for a partner who will run one's life
3. need to live one's life within narrow limits
4. need for power
5. need to exploit others
6. need for social recognition and prestige
7. need for personal admiration
8. need for ambition and personal achievement
9. need for self-sufficiency and independence
10. need for perfection and unassailability |
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| the three summaries of people of these neurotic trends |
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Definition
| moving towards, against, or away from people |
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| the adjustment to basic anxiety that uses the need to be wanted, loved, and protected by other people. horney referred to these people as the compliant type |
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| person who moves towards people ;) |
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| the adjustment to basic anxiety that uses the tendency to exploit other people and to gain power over them. horney referred to these people as the hostile type |
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| person who moves against people |
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| the adjustment to basic anxiety that uses the need to be self-suffcient.horney referred to these people as the detached type. |
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| person who moves away from people |
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| self that is healthy and conducive to positive growth. although each person is born with a healthy real self, the view of this real self can be disordered by the basic evil. the basic evil causes a person to view his real self negatively and then attempt to escape it. although the neurotic view his real self negatively, it is still a source of potential health and positive growth. |
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| the tendency to strive for truthfulness, productivity, and harmonious relationships with fellow humans |
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| fictitious view of one's self, with its list of "shoulds" that displaces the real self in the neurotic personality |
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| when one's idealized self substituted for the real self, one's behavior is governed by several unrealistic "shoulds" |
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| belief that the causes of one's major experiences and internal processes are external to one's self. this causes artificial harmony. |
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| denying of ignoring certain aspects of experience because they are not in accordance with one's idealized self image |
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| dividing one's life into various components with different rules applying to the different components. |
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| giving "good" but erroneous reasons to excuse conduct that would otherwise be anxiety provoking. horney used this term in much the same way the freud did. |
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| guarding against anxiety by denying oneself emotional involvement in anything |
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| exemplified when issues arise that have no clear solution one way or the other, and a person arbitrarily chooses one solution, thereby ending debate |
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| opposite to arbitrary rightness. the elusive person is highly indecisive. without commitments to anything this person is seldom, if ever, wrong |
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| strategy in which a person believes in nothing and is therefore immune to the disappointment that comes from being committed to something that is shown to be false. |
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| the goal of psychotherapy for horney |
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| to draw the real and idealized self closer together |
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