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Personality and Social Psychology
N/A
31
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
02/28/2011

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Term
Cognitive Dissonance
Definition
unpleasant psychological state aroused by thinking about or engaging in behaviors that are discrepant from one's attitudes, beliefs and self-image
Term
Insufficient Justification
Definition
freely performing a self-concept discrepant behavior without having any external justification for doing so
Term
Effort Justification
Definition
the tendency for individuals to increase their liking for something they have worked hard to attain
Ex. hazing
Term
Mindless Compliance
Definition
obeying internalized social norms without deliberating about one's actions
Term
Foot-in-the-Door Strategy
Definition
presenting a small request, to which people agree, followed by a large request to which it is hoped people agree
Term
Low-Balling Strategy
Definition
a customer is induced to buy a product at a low cost, an "error" is supposedly made, and the customer agrees to buy at an inflated cost
Term
Door-in-the-Face Strategy
Definition
a large request is presented, which is refused, then a smaller request is presented, to which it is hoped people will agree
Term
Social Facilitation
Definition
the tendency for people to perform tasks better when others are present
Term
Evaluation Apprehension
Definition
concern for how others are evaluating us
Term
Social Loafing
Definition
the tendency for people to exert less effort when they pool their efforts toward a common goal and do not feel individually accountable for their performances
Term
Id
Definition
the primitive, unconscious part of personality containing basic drives for immediate gratification
Term
Superego
Definition
the part of personality consisting of one's moral ideals and consciousness
Term
Ego
Definition
the part of personality that mediates between the id and superego and can delay gratification
Term
Rorschach Tests
Definition
a test in which the subject reports what is seen in a set of inkblots
Term
Thematic Apperception Test
Definition
a test in which the subject makes up stories about a set of ambiguous pictures
Term
Facial Feedback Hypothesis
Definition
changes in facial expressions can produce corresponding changes in emotion through self-perception (“If I’m smiling, I must be happy”)
Term
Two-Factor Theory of Emotion
Definition
two factors are necessary to have a specific emotion
Term
Psychoanalytic Approach
Definition
the theory that assumes that our motives are largely unconscious
Term
Psychosexual Stages
Definition
stages of personality development during which pleasure is derived from different parts of the body
Term
Fixation
Definition
tendency to get locked in at various stages of psychosexual development
Term
Oedipus Complex
Definition
tendency for young boys to become sexually attracted to their mother and hostile toward their father (Freud)
Term
Identification
Definition
process by which children eventually internalize their same-sex parents’ values and form a superego
Term
Defense Mechanisms
Definition
unconscious methods of minimizing anxiety by denying and distorting reality
Term
Free Association
Definition
talking in a stream of consciousness
Term
Repression
Definition
Banning personally threatening thoughts, memories and impulses from conscious awareness
Term
Denial
Definition
barring anxiety-filled external events from conscious awareness
Term
Projection
Definition
attributing or projecting one's own unacceptable impulses onto others
Term
Projection
Definition
attributing or projecting one's own unacceptable impulses onto others
Term
Reaction Formation
Definition
converting an unacceptable into its opposite
ex. anti-gay crusaders may actually be homosexual themselves
Term
Rationalization
Definition
making excuses for one's own shortcomings
Term
Sublimation
Definition
channeling repressed sexual/agressive urges into socially acceptable outlets
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