endomorphy (soft and spherical), mesomorphy (hard, muscular, rectangular), ectomorphy (thin, fragile)

person

first comprehensive theory on personality and abnormal psych

person

opposed pessimism of psychoanalytic perspective and robotic concepts of behaviorism - belief in free will and treating the individual as a whole

term/time

in charge of asylum in Paris - removed shackles, gave patients beds, treated them humanely, gave them freedom - they got better

person

zealous advocate in U.S. of treating hospitalized mentally ill humanely

person

disorder charecterized by delusions of grandeur, mental deterioration, paralysis, and death - caused by syphilis

term

introduced use of electroshock for artificial production of convulsive seizures in psychiatric patients, to treat schizophrenia

2 people

published first textbook categorizing mental disorders with classification system

person/time

resevoir of all psychic energy consisting of everything psychological that's present at birth - functions according to pleasure principle using primary process and wish-fulfillment

term

aim is to immediately discharge any energy build-up

term/dynamic system

response to frustration operating under the dictum of "obtain satisfaction now, not later" - uses wish fulfillment

term/dynamic system

organization of the id - receives power from id but can suspend workings of primary process

term

takes into account objective reality as it guides or inhibits activity of the id and the id's pleasure principle

term/dynamic system

aim is to postpone pleasure principle until actual object that will satisfy need has been discovered or produced

term/dynamic system

not directly in touch with reality and strives for ideal rather than the real; represents moral branch of personality, striving for perfection

term

whatever a child's caregivers say is improper and child is punished for

term/dynamic system

whatever child's caregivers approve of and reward child for

term/dynamic system

innate psychological representation of a bodily excitation

term/person

life instincts serving purpose of individual survival (hunger, thirst, sex)

term/person

death instincts, represent unconscious wish for ultimate absolute state of quiescence

term/person

ego's recourse to releasing excessive pressures due to anxiety

term

unconscious forgetting of anxiety-producing memories

term

more deliberate, consciouis form of forgetting

term

person attributes forbidden urges to others

term

repressed wish is warded off by its diametrical opposite

term

process of developing socially acceptable explanation for inappropriate behavior or thoughts

term

person reverting to earlier stage of development in response to a traumatic event

term

transforming unacceptable urges into socially acceptable behaviors

term

pent-up feelings are discharged on objects and people less dangerous than those objects or people causing the feelings

term

thought of libido as psychic energy in general, identified ego as conscious mind, and divided unconscious into personal and collective unconscious

person

powerful system shared among all humans and considered to be a residue of experiences of our early ancestors

term/person

images that are building blocks of collective unconscious

term/person - thought or image with emotional element

term/person

mask that is adopted by a persomn in response to the demands of social convention

archetype

feminine - helps us to understand gender

archetype

masculine - helps us to understand gender

archetype

consists of animal instincts that humans inherited in their evolution from lower forms of life - responsible for appearance in consciousness and behavior of socially reprehensible thoughts, feelings, and actions

archetype

person's striving for unity, point of intersection between collective unconscious and conscious - symbolized as mandala

archetype

orientation toward external, objective world

term/person

orientation toward the inner, subjective world

term/person

individual's sense of incompleteness, sense of imperfection, physical inferiorities, and social disabilities

term/person

striving towards superiority drives personality - when striving in socially oriented, enhances personality, when striving is selfish, becomes root of persopnality disturbances

person

force by which each individual shapes his or her uniqueness and makes his or her own personality

term/person

represents manifestation of creative self and describes person's unqiue way of achieving superiority

term/person

postulated that neurotic personality of governed by one of 10 needs, which are taken to an extreme so that they are disproportionate in intensity, indescriminate in application, partially disregard reality, and have tendency to provoke intense anxiety

(includes need for affection/approval, need to exploit others, need for self-sufficiency/independence)

person

suggested that psychoanalytic theory could profit from more direct investigation of the conscious ego and its relation to the world, to the unconscious, and to the superego - augmented understanding of ego defense mechanisms

term/person

looks at creation and development of symbolic representation of significant part of young child's personality

term/people

intensive, long-term treatment for uncovering repressed memories, motives, and conflicts stemming from problems in psychosexual development

term/person

frees repressed thoughts from patient's unconscious

term

technique whereby client says whatever comes to his or her conscious mind regardless of how personal, painful, or irrelevant it may seem

term/person

attributing to therapist attitudes and feelings that developed in patient's relations with significant others in the past

term/person

therapist's experience of emotions towards the patient

term/person

blended psychoanalytic concepts in behavioral stimulus-response reinforcement learning theory approach - focused on conflicting motives or tendencies in the development of personality

two people

considered personality to be a collection of behavior that happens to have been sufficiently reinforced to persist

person

learning occurs not only by having one's own behavior reinforced but also by observing other people's behaviors being reinforced

term/person

placed dogs in a cell with too high walls then administered shocks, but when they tried to jump out the walls were too high - later put in lower walls but by this point dogs didn't even try to jump out

term/person

client writes down negative thoughts, figures out why they are unjustified, and come up with more realistic/less destructive cognitions

term/person

basic assumption is that people develop irrational ways of thinking - therapist challenges irrational beliefs and helps client change them to more rational ones

term/person

psychoanyalysts believe symptom relief without treating the underlying cause will lead to new symptoms replacing the old ones

term

personality can be divided up dynamically into ever-changing regions called systems, which optimally are well articulated and function in an integrated way, but under tension, articulation between regions is diffused

term/person

Maslow's hierarchy order

(to get to top, have non-hostile sense of humor, originality, creativity, spontaneity, and need for privacy)

profound and deeply moving experiences in a person's life that have important and lasting effects on individual - more likely for those self-actualized

term/person

hypothesized notion of individual as scientist, person who devises and tests predictions about behavior of significant people in life leading to scheme of anticipation (anxious people have trouble constructing this) - in psychotherapy, individual acquires new constructs to help predict troublesome events

person

object of therapy to help client be themselves and increase congruence between ideal self and actual self - done using climate of unconditional positive regard and understanding

term/person

mental illness and maladjustment stems from a life of meaninglessness

person

characterized by behavior that tends to be competitive and compulsive

term

characterized by being laid-back and relaxed

term

trait theorist who used factor analysis to identify 16 basic traits that constitute building blocks of personality

person

used scientific methodology to test Jung's division of introversion/extroversion - came up with two diminsions, intro/extro and emotional stability/neuroticism - then added dimension of psychoticism

person

traits around which person organizes his/her life, but not everyone develops these

term/person

represent major characteristics of personality that are easy to infer, such as honesty or fatalism

term/person

personal characteristics that are limited in occurance

term/person

given activity or form of behavior may become an end or goal in itself, regardless of reason of origin, because of enjoyment of activity

term/person

approach to studying personality which focuses on individual case studies - this is the right one

term/person

approach to studying personality which focuses on groups of individuals and tries to find commonalities - not recoomended

term/person

identified personality trait called nAch or need for achievement - people high in nAch have pride in accomplishments, set realistic goals, and avoid high and low risks

person

at one pole is capacity to make specific respomnses to perceived specific stimuli (field-independence) - at other pole is more diffuse response to perceived mass of somewhat undiferentiated stimuli (field dependence)

term/person

people with internal locus of control believe they can control their own destiny; those with external locus of control believe outside events and chance control their destiny

person

personality trait that refers to someone who is manipulative and deceitful - people high on this are much more successful manipulators

term

because people can score high on both masculinity and femininity on personality inventories, they are two separate dimensions - term for being simultaneously very masculine and feminine

term/person

severe reduction in intensity of expression

term

when there are virtually no signs of affective expression

term

affect is clearly discordant with content of speech or ideation

term

schizophrenia development is slow and insidious - prognosis poor

term

schizophrenia onset is intense and sudden - prognosis better

term

disturbance in motor behavior - alternation between extreme withdrawal of behavior and excitement or excessive movement

schizophrenia subtype

charecterized by preoccupation with one or more delusions or frequent auditory hallucinations

schizophrenia subtype

formerly called hebephrenic schizophrenia - characterized by flat or inappropriate affect and disorganized speech/behavior

schizophrenia subtype

diagnosed when the general criteria for other categories are not met

schizophrenia subtype

used when there has been a previous schizophrenic episode, but positive psychotic symptoms are not currently displayed, but negative symptoms may persist

schizophrenia subtype

leading biochemical explanation for schizophrenia - delusions, hallucinations, and agitation arise from an excess of dopamine activity, or from an oversensitivity to dopamine in the brain

term

theory that as a child, the person with schizophrenia received contradictory and mutually incompatible messages from his or her primary caregiver, which leads to anxiety and an internalization of disorganized messages, leading to a mistrust of child's sense of reality

term

monoamine theory of depression - too much norepinephrine and serotonin leads to mania, which too little leads to depression

term

characterized by unexplained symptoms affecting voluntary motor or sensory functions

term

characterized by inability to recall past experience

term

amnesia that accompanies sudden, unexpected move away from one's home or location of usual daily activities

term

person feels detached, like an outside observer of his/her mental processes/behavior - but still has intact sense of reality

term

pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and restricted range of emotional expression - little desire for social interactions and poor social skills

term

efforts to seek out and eradicate conditions that foster mental illness and establish conditions that foster mental health

term

with seven colleagues, checked self into psychiatric hospital complaining of auditory hallucinations - all diagnosed with either paranoid schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, then acted totally normally - even normal activities interpreted by staff as signs of mental illness - kept in average of 3 weeks, released with diagnosis in remission

person

wrote Myth of Mental Illness - arguing mental illness is really traits or behaviors that differ from cultural norm; labeling is attempt to force them to conform to societal norms

person