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Personal Training
Lesson 5 Bioenergetics
37
Fitness
Not Applicable
06/03/2011

Additional Fitness Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Calorie
Definition
A unit measuring the energy value of foods.
Term
Kilocalorie
Definition
A unit of energy equal to the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water by one degree Celsius at one atmospheric pressure.
Term
Enzyme
Definition
A protein that catalyzes a biochemical reaction or change.
Term
Creatine Phosphate
Definition
An organic compound found in muscle tissue and capable of providing rapid energy for muscular contractions.
Term
Creatine Kinase
Definition
An enzyme present in muscle and other tissues that catalyzes the reversible conversion of ADP and phosphocreatine into ATP and creatine.
Term
Mitochondria
Definition
An intracellular organelle responsible for generating most of the ATP required for cellular operations.
Term
Lactic Acid
Definition
An energy  substrate produced during the metabolic breakdown of glucose.
Term
Pyruvate
Definition
An energy substrate deemed as the end-product in glycolysis.
Term
Lactate
Definition
The buffered form of lactic acid which can serve as an additional energy source.
Term
Triglycerides
Definition
Consists of a glycerol and three fatty acids bound together in a single large molecule; an important energy source forming much of the fat stored in the body.
Term
Albumin
Definition
A blood protein produced in the liver that helps to regulate water distribution in the body.
Term
Lipoproteins
Definition
Compunds of protein that carry fats and fat-like substances such as cholesterol in the blood.
Term
Amino Acids
Definition
Basic organic molecules consisting of hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen that combine to form proteins.
Term
Central Fatigue
Definition
The component to fatigue generally described as reduction in the neural drive or nerve-based motor command to working muscles which results in a decline in the force output.
Term
Anaerobic
Definition
In the absence of freely available oxygen, the process of energy production in the body is known as______.
Term
Glycolysis
Definition
The metabolic process called________breaks down carbohydrates and sugars through a series of reactions to either pyruvic acid or lactic acid and releases energy for the body in the form of ATP.
Term
Gluconeogenesis
Definition
________is the process of generating glucose from other organic molecules like pyruvate, lactate, glycerol, and amino acids to fuel exercise and physiological energy demands.
Term
Oxygen deficit
Definition
The difference between oxygen uptake of the body at the onset of exercise and when it reaches a steady-state is know as ________.
Term
Recovery oxygen consumption
Definition
_________ is the term used to describe the amount of extra oxygen required by muscle tissue during recovery from vigorous exercise.
Term
Lipolysis
Definition
Lipase is an enzyme capable of breaking down a lipid in a process known as ________.
Term
Free fatty acids
Definition
When a fatty acid is not attached to other molecules it is known as a ________.
Term
Beta oxidation
Definition
_________ is the process by which fats are broken down in the mitochondria to generate Acetyl-CoA, the entry molecule for the Citric Acid Cycle.
Term
Electron transport
Definition
A series of oxidation-reduction reactions called the _________ take place during the aerobic production of ATP.
Term

4

9

4

7

 

Definition

Identify the number of calories per gram as established by the Atwater general factors for the following.

 

Proteins ___

Fats ___

Carbohydrates ___

Alcohol ___

 

Term
90
Definition
The body uses its stored ATP during a single, maximal effort exercise in about 1-3 seconds and requires at least _____ seconds to fully replenish its stores.
Term

creatine phosphate (CP)

creatine kinase (CK)

2-5

Definition
_______ is used as a secondary immediate fuel source, which releases energy when split by the enzyme _______ and can fuel reactions lasting 10-15 seconds but takes between _____minutes to restore.
Term
Glycolysis
Definition
What is the predominant energy pathway for maximal biological work lasting up to 3 minutes?
Term

1. the number of mitochondria

2. the concentration of enzymes inside them

3. the amount of oxygen rich blood which can be delivered to the cell.

Definition
What are the three largest determinants of efficincy during aerobic exercise?
Term

pyruvate

acetyl CoA

 

Definition
Amino acids can be turned into what two things before entering the Krebs cycle?
Term
True
Definition
T/F? Glycogen uptake is promoted immediately following exercise.
Term
C.  Lactic acid
Definition

What type of acid is associated with a burning sensation in active tissue during high intensity exercise?

 

A. Fatty acids

B. Citric acid

C. Lactic acid

D. Amino acids

Term

A. hydrogon icons

 

Definition

High intensity anaerobic exercise may be limited by contractility inhibition due to the presence of which of the following?

 

A. Hydrogon icons

B. Nitrogen

C. Carbon dioxide

D. All of the above

Term
B. Lipids
Definition

Improved glucose-sparing associated with endurance training enhances the ability of the muscle to use which of the following fuel sources?

 

A. Proteins

B. Lipids

C. Amino acids

D. Carbohydrates

 

Term
A. Carbohydrates
Definition

Even with sufficient levels of oxygen and lipids to meet the intensity demads of work, significant fatigue will ensue when _____ becomes depleted.

 

A. Carbohydrates

B. Proteins

C. Amino acids

D. Creatine

Term

B. Creatine Phosphate

 

 

Definition

What is the primary energy source used to fuel a 3RM squat performance?

 

A. Stored ATP

B. Creatine Phosphate

C. Glycogen

D. Lactate

Term
B. 90 seconds
Definition

For optimal performance, what is the minimal rest interval between tests for vertical jump based on proper ATP replenishment?

 

A. 30 seconds

B. 90 seconds

C. 120 seconds

D. 3 minutes

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